10TH CLASS CBSC BOARD CHAPTER

1. Life Processes
 Class 10 Science – Chapter 5
 Important Notes from NCERT

2. What are Life Processes?
 Basic activities in living organisms: Nutrition,
Respiration, Transportation, Excretion
 Essential for maintaining life

3. Nutrition
 Autotrophic: Organisms make their own food (e.g.,
green plants)
 Heterotrophic: Organisms depend on others for food
(e.g., humans, animals)
 Steps: Ingestion Digestion Absorption
→ → →
Assimilation Egestion
→

4. Photosynthesis (in plants)
 Process of making food using sunlight, CO , and water
₂
 Equation: 6CO + 6H O C H O + 6O
₂ ₂ ₆ ₁₂ ₆ ₂
→
 Takes place in chloroplasts using chlorophyll

5. Human Digestive System
 Organs: Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine,
Large Intestine, Anus
 Digestive glands: Salivary glands, Liver, Pancreas
 Enzymes break down food into simpler substances

6. Respiration
 Breakdown of food to release energy
 Types: Aerobic (with oxygen), Anaerobic (without
oxygen)
 Energy released is stored as ATP (energy currency)

7. Human Respiratory System
 Nostrils Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi
→ → → → →
Lungs
 Exchange of gases occurs in alveoli of lungs

8. Transportation in Humans
 Heart pumps blood through arteries and veins
 Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, waste products
 Lymph helps in transporting nutrients and fighting
infection

9. Transportation in Plants
 Xylem: Transports water and minerals
 Phloem: Transports food (translocation)

10. Excretion
 Removal of metabolic waste from body
 Humans: Kidneys filter blood to form urine
 Plants: Store waste in vacuoles or release through
stomata

11. Summary
 Life processes are vital for survival
 Key processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation,
Excretion
 Each process has specific organs and mechanisms

12. Practice Questions
 1. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic
nutrition.
 2. Describe the human respiratory system.
 3. What is the role of xylem and phloem?
 4. Explain the process of photosynthesis.