Life Cycle Approach to Social Protection
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Tia Palermo's presentation at Ethiopia's Social Protection Conference on 14 May 2019 in Addis Ababa.
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Life Cycle Approach to Social Protection
- 1. LIFECYCLE APPROACH TO SOCIAL PROTECTION TIA PALERMO, Ph.D. UNICEF INNOCENTI & TRANSFER PROJECT National Social Protection Conference Addis Ababa May 14, 2019
- 4. THE CASE FOR A LIFECYCLE APPROACH 01. Intervene at most relevant stage to change trajectory/prevent decline 02. Changing vulnerabilities 03. More accurate understanding of impacts and cost-effectiveness of programming
- 5. 1. INTERVENE AT MOST RELEVANT STAGE TO CHANGE TRAJECTORY/ PREVENT DECLINE 01. A shock can knock a child off their trajectory, onto a lower one. 02. Consequences for: cognition, education → earnings → intergenerational cycle of poverty 03. You can’t fully remediate shocks in early childhood Windows of opportunity: 1. Early childhood 2. Adolescence
- 6. 2. CHANGING VULNERABILTIES: ADOLESCENCE 01. Adolescence: period where trajectories start to diverge • opportunities constrained • gender socialization intensifies 02. Poverty drives adverse coping strategies at the household- and individual-level • Adverse outcomes (Early marriage, child labor, violence, etc) driven by poverty and often related to girls’ sexual and reproductive health vulnerability • Compounded by social norms, barriers to healthcare, etc. 03. Adolescence provides a second window of opportunity; new research on plasticity of the brian
- 7. 3. UNDERSTANDING LONGER TERM IMPACTS Latin America Conditional cash transfer (CCTs) receipt to households in childhood increased subsequent educational attainment and labor market outcomes [with varying results by country and sometimes gender (Millán, Barham, Macours, Maluccio, & Stampini, 2018; Neidhofer & Nino-Zarazua, 2017; Parker & Vogl, 2018)], including increases in: • income, • hours worked, • probability of engaging in off-farm work • how is this affecting gender norms?
Editor's Notes
- Note: Coverage corresponds to the sum of persons protected by contributory schemes and recipients of contributory and non‑contributory benefits expressed as a percentage of the total population. Regional and global estimates weighted by the number of people. Health protection is not included under SDG indicator 1.3.1. Data for other regions are not sufficient to allow for regional estimates. See also Annex II. Ortiz, Cummins and Karunanethy, 2017: 8 Financing Options for SP Reallocating public expenditures Increasing tax revenues 3) Expanding social security coverage and contributory revenues 4) Lobbying for aid and transfers 5) Eliminating illicit financial flows 6) Using fiscal and central bank foreign exchange reserves 7) Managing debt: borrowing or restructuring existing debt 8) Adopting a more accommodating macroeconomic framework
- Note: Coverage corresponds to the sum of persons protected by contributory schemes and recipients of contributory and non‑contributory benefits expressed as a percentage of the total population. Regional and global estimates weighted by the number of people. Health protection is not included under SDG indicator 1.3.1. Data for other regions are not sufficient to allow for regional estimates. See also Annex II. Ortiz, Cummins and Karunanethy, 2017: 8 Financing Options for SP Reallocating public expenditures Increasing tax revenues 3) Expanding social security coverage and contributory revenues 4) Lobbying for aid and transfers 5) Eliminating illicit financial flows 6) Using fiscal and central bank foreign exchange reserves 7) Managing debt: borrowing or restructuring existing debt 8) Adopting a more accommodating macroeconomic framework
- There’s even evidence on longer-term impacts in early adulthood
- There’s even evidence on longer-term impacts in early adulthood
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