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.A roundtable presentation by James E. Bloyd, MPH at the 139th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 12 Co-authors: Jim Braun, Robin Kelly, and Orrin Williams. Abstract:
A Strategic Assessment of the Illinois Fresh Food Fund
A Strategic Assessment of the Illinois Fresh Food Fund
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
What would it take to eradicate health inequalities? Testing the fundamental ...
What would it take to eradicate health inequalities? Testing the fundamental ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation at Jane Addams Hull House Association April 8, 2010
The Disconnect Between Food Policy and the Public's Health Jim Bloyd Cook Cou...
The Disconnect Between Food Policy and the Public's Health Jim Bloyd Cook Cou...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
World history ch.2
World history ch.2
summersmn
This template and suggested agenda are for Public health practitioners who want to use the Public Health Institute webinar on January 8, 2015 as an opportunity to advance health equity practice in their US state and local health departments. The worksheet, agenda and flyer is my effort to create a participatory education experience for a group of participants after the webinar. The worksheet focuses on the 7 Elements of Equity Practice described in the National Association of County and City Health Officials' publication Expanding The Boundaries: Health Equity and Public Health Practice
Template and Worksheet for Group Discussion of January 8, 2015 Webinar Expand...
Template and Worksheet for Group Discussion of January 8, 2015 Webinar Expand...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A proposed resolution will be discussed by the Illinois Public Health Association.
IPHA Resolution Supporting Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System
IPHA Resolution Supporting Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective
Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Word Bank
Word Bank
guest8da35d
Recommended
.A roundtable presentation by James E. Bloyd, MPH at the 139th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 12 Co-authors: Jim Braun, Robin Kelly, and Orrin Williams. Abstract:
A Strategic Assessment of the Illinois Fresh Food Fund
A Strategic Assessment of the Illinois Fresh Food Fund
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
What would it take to eradicate health inequalities? Testing the fundamental ...
What would it take to eradicate health inequalities? Testing the fundamental ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation at Jane Addams Hull House Association April 8, 2010
The Disconnect Between Food Policy and the Public's Health Jim Bloyd Cook Cou...
The Disconnect Between Food Policy and the Public's Health Jim Bloyd Cook Cou...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
World history ch.2
World history ch.2
summersmn
This template and suggested agenda are for Public health practitioners who want to use the Public Health Institute webinar on January 8, 2015 as an opportunity to advance health equity practice in their US state and local health departments. The worksheet, agenda and flyer is my effort to create a participatory education experience for a group of participants after the webinar. The worksheet focuses on the 7 Elements of Equity Practice described in the National Association of County and City Health Officials' publication Expanding The Boundaries: Health Equity and Public Health Practice
Template and Worksheet for Group Discussion of January 8, 2015 Webinar Expand...
Template and Worksheet for Group Discussion of January 8, 2015 Webinar Expand...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A proposed resolution will be discussed by the Illinois Public Health Association.
IPHA Resolution Supporting Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System
IPHA Resolution Supporting Principles of a Healthy, Sustainable Food System
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective
Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Word Bank
Word Bank
guest8da35d
(Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 5, 2011: e1–e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010. 300062)
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presented at the Midwest Summit Real Food Challenge Saturday February 19, 2011, with a viewing and discussion of Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality making us sick?
Real food challenge workshop material
Real food challenge workshop material
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Nadal fontiñas
Nadal fontiñas
juallapa
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Invited guest presentation at University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Inequities class on Friday, February 1, 2013. Professors Linda Rae Murray MD, MPH, and Angela Odoms-Young, PhD. Selected quotations, selected results from the Cook County PLACE MATTERS Health Equity Report released July 2012.
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Rev. Richard McCreary and the congregation of New Covenant Baptist Church invited Natalie Chadwell and Jim Bloyd to present and facilitate a discussion Sunday, February 19th, 2012 on why place is an important factor in determining the health of residents.
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A presentation to public health students at Benedictine University, Illinois on February 16, 2010. Slides are background to the segment of the documentary film "Unnatural Causes: Is inequality making us sick?" produced by California newsreel and available at http://www.unnaturalcauses.org/
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A presentation by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Cook County Place Matters Steering Committee, Cook County Dept. of Public Health, March 16, 2012, Good Food Festival and Conference, Chicago, University of Illinois Forum. Topics: evidence of health inequities; mixed evidence of neighborhood food environment and nutrition and health; Health Equity Framework of Anthony Iton; Power as a concept that must be considered to achievve health equity; Racial segregation in metro Chicago and resources.
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies—namely, photovoice and critical ethnography— that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social–structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organizers to Build People Power for Health Equity” by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Regional Health Officer, Cook County Department of Public Health (IL) jbloyd@cookcountyhhs.org Presented as part of “Covid-19 and Health Equity: A Policy Platform and Voices from Health Departments” by Human Impact Partners, co-sponsored by APHA, ASTHO, Big Cities Health Coalition, HealthBegins, and NACCHO. (Links current as of June 12, 2020 prepared by Jim)
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
News article published May 30, 2020 "The senators’ letter follows the efforts of several health-justice advocates to implore the Illinois Department of Public Health to take a more active role in managing the outbreak in Pulaski County. Those individuals, which include representatives from the Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County and the Health & Medicine Policy Research Group, Chicago-based health justice organizations, DePaul University and the University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, are circulating a petition that demands IDPH make site visits to ICE detention sites across Illinois, and specifically the facility in Pulaski County, to ensure compliance with care plans and infectious disease control."
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreak
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreak
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
There has been a public outcry for the accountability of law enforcement agents who kill and injure citizens. Epidemiological surveillance can underscore the magnitude of morbidity and mortality of citizens at the hands of law enforcement. We used hospital outpatient and inpatient databases to conduct a retrospective analysis of legal interventions in Illinois between 2010 and 2015. We calculated injury and mortality rates based on demographics, spatial distribution, and cause of injury. During the study period, 8,384 patients were treated for injuries caused during contact with law enforcement personnel. Most were male, the mean age was 32.7, and those injured were disproportionately black. Nearly all patients were treated as outpatients, and those who were admitted to the hospital had a mean of length of stay of 6 days. Most patients were discharged home or to an acute or long-term care facility (83.7%). It is unclear if those discharged home or to a different medical facility were arrested, accidentally injured, injured when no crime was committed, or injured when a crime was committed. Surveillance of law enforcement-related injuries and deaths should be implemented, and injuries caused during legal interventions should be recognized as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue.
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Importance: US life expectancy has not kept pace with that of other wealthy countries and is now decreasing. Objective: To examine vital statistics and review the history of changes in US life expectancy and increasing mortality rates; and to identify potential contributing factors, drawing insights from current literature and an analysis of state-level trends. Evidence: Life expectancy data for 1959-2016 and cause-specific mortality rates for 1999-2017 were obtained from the US Mortality Database and CDC WONDER, respectively. The analysis focused on midlife deaths (ages 25-64 years), stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography (including the 50 states). Published research from January 1990 through August 2019 that examined relevant mortality trends and potential contributory factors was examined. Findings: Between 1959 and 2016, US life expectancy increased from 69.9 years to 78.9 years but declined for 3 consecutive years after 2014. The recent decrease in US life expectancy culminated a period of increasing cause-specific mortality among adults aged 25 to 64 years that began in the 1990s, ultimately producing an increase in all-cause mortality that began in 2010. During 2010-2017, midlife all-cause mortality rates increased from 328.5 deaths/100 000 to 348.2 deaths/100 000. By 2014, midlife mortality was increasing across all racial groups, caused by drug overdoses, alcohol abuse, suicides, and a diverse list of organ system diseases. The largest relative increases in midlife mortality rates occurred in New England (New Hampshire, 23.3%; Maine, 20.7%; Vermont, 19.9%) and the Ohio Valley (West Virginia, 23.0%; Ohio, 21.6%; Indiana, 14.8%; Kentucky, 14.7%). The increase in midlife mortality during 2010-2017 was associated with an estimated 33 307 excess US deaths, 32.8% of which occurred in 4 Ohio Valley states. Conclusions and Relevance: US life expectancy increased for most of the past 60 years, but the rate of increase slowed over time and life expectancy decreased after 2014. A major contributor has been an increase in mortality from specific causes (eg, drug overdoses, suicides, organ system diseases) among young and middle-aged adults of all racial groups, with an onset as early as the 1990s and with the largest relative increases occurring in the Ohio Valley and New England. The implications for public health and the economy are substantial, making it vital to understand the underlying causes.
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
We trace the development of the concept of the corporate determinants of health. We argue that these determinants are predicated on the un- checked power of corporations and that the means by which corporations exert power is increasingly unseen. We identify four of the ways corporations influence health: defining the dominant narra- tive; setting the rules by which society, especially trade, oper- ates; commodifying knowledge; and undermining political, so- cial, and economic rights. We identify how public health professionals can respond to these manifestations of power. (Am J Public Health. 2018;108: 1167–1170. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2018.304510)
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of Health
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of Health
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Cook County Department of Public Health staff who are presenters, moderators, and secondary authors at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association are pictured. Their presentations are listed by Session number. The meeting attracts over 12,000 participants and is health in Philadelphia, PA from November 2nd to November 6th, 2019. #APHA2019 @PublicHealth @APHAAnnualMtg
Cook County Department of Public Health at APHA 2019
Cook County Department of Public Health at APHA 2019
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This transcript is useful for a small group exercise when participants are listening to Dr. Linda Rae Murry discuss her critique of the Ten Essential Services as a frame popular in the USA for describing what public health is and should do. It was used along with a worksheet to successfully generate small group discussion on September 12, 2019. Available at RootsofHealthInequity.org
Linda Rae Murray Voices From The Field transcript
Linda Rae Murray Voices From The Field transcript
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This was one of two 20-minute exercises used by Jim Bloyd and Rachel Rubin with a 30-minute slide presentation. The exercises generated discussion among groups of 2-3 people. The group also listened to the audio of Dr. Murray's 6-minute statement, and followed along reading a transcript of the statement. Both the audio and the transcript are available at RootsofHealthInequity.org of NACCHO.
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This handout was one of two used successfully as a 20-minute exercise together with a slide presentation.
Exercise Doak Bloss slide exerpt--For IPHA September 12, 2019 presentation
Exercise Doak Bloss slide exerpt--For IPHA September 12, 2019 presentation
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation and 3 20-minute exercises prepared for the annual conference of the Illinois Public Health Association, September 12, 2019 in Springfield, Illinois, USA. Abstract: The Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) used the National Association of County and City Health Officials' online course for the public health workforce Roots of Health Inequity, to accomplish three goals: change the way staff think about public health; change the way staff practice public health; and apply health equity principles to the daily work. Chief Operating Officer Terry Mason, MD, required all staff to participate in the training. Increasing the integration of a health equity approach by first training staff on health equity and how it is relevant to their work was a priority of the agency strategic plan, as well as a QI and Workforce Development priority for CCDPH. Components of the CCDPH Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues include the creation of 1small groups for in-person discussion; a leadership committee; training staff as facilitators; evaluation; a commitment to dialogue. The small group-approach accomplished two things: dialogue and discussion were maximized, while disruption of regular duties and health department functions was minimized. Reliance on staff to facilitate dialogues strengthened leadership for health equity within the health department, and eliminated the need for external facilitation. In addition, the “insider” knowledge of the Facilitators—most of whom have years of experience working at CCDPH---ensured that dialogue leaders understood the institutional culture, and increased the likelihood that the dialogues will be able to examine real barriers as well as opportunities to practice transformation.
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Books, articles, and online resources for people attending screenings of COOKED: Survival by zipcode film. vJuly21, 2019.
Selected References for Further Reading on Equity and Health
Selected References for Further Reading on Equity and Health
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
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(Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 5, 2011: e1–e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010. 300062)
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presented at the Midwest Summit Real Food Challenge Saturday February 19, 2011, with a viewing and discussion of Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality making us sick?
Real food challenge workshop material
Real food challenge workshop material
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Nadal fontiñas
Nadal fontiñas
juallapa
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Invited guest presentation at University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Inequities class on Friday, February 1, 2013. Professors Linda Rae Murray MD, MPH, and Angela Odoms-Young, PhD. Selected quotations, selected results from the Cook County PLACE MATTERS Health Equity Report released July 2012.
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Rev. Richard McCreary and the congregation of New Covenant Baptist Church invited Natalie Chadwell and Jim Bloyd to present and facilitate a discussion Sunday, February 19th, 2012 on why place is an important factor in determining the health of residents.
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A presentation to public health students at Benedictine University, Illinois on February 16, 2010. Slides are background to the segment of the documentary film "Unnatural Causes: Is inequality making us sick?" produced by California newsreel and available at http://www.unnaturalcauses.org/
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A presentation by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Cook County Place Matters Steering Committee, Cook County Dept. of Public Health, March 16, 2012, Good Food Festival and Conference, Chicago, University of Illinois Forum. Topics: evidence of health inequities; mixed evidence of neighborhood food environment and nutrition and health; Health Equity Framework of Anthony Iton; Power as a concept that must be considered to achievve health equity; Racial segregation in metro Chicago and resources.
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
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Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Health Disparities and Health Equity: The Issue Is Justice
Real food challenge workshop material
Real food challenge workshop material
Nadal fontiñas
Nadal fontiñas
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
How to Build a Progressive Tea Part
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
PLACE MATTERS and Health Promotion
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Cook County Place Matters: Working Together for Health Equity
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Estimated Deaths Attributable to Social Factors in the United States
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Unnatural Causes Episode Five: Place Matters 'Why are zip codes and street ad...
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
Retail Food and Health: An Equity Framework
More from Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies—namely, photovoice and critical ethnography— that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social–structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organizers to Build People Power for Health Equity” by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Regional Health Officer, Cook County Department of Public Health (IL) jbloyd@cookcountyhhs.org Presented as part of “Covid-19 and Health Equity: A Policy Platform and Voices from Health Departments” by Human Impact Partners, co-sponsored by APHA, ASTHO, Big Cities Health Coalition, HealthBegins, and NACCHO. (Links current as of June 12, 2020 prepared by Jim)
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
News article published May 30, 2020 "The senators’ letter follows the efforts of several health-justice advocates to implore the Illinois Department of Public Health to take a more active role in managing the outbreak in Pulaski County. Those individuals, which include representatives from the Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County and the Health & Medicine Policy Research Group, Chicago-based health justice organizations, DePaul University and the University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, are circulating a petition that demands IDPH make site visits to ICE detention sites across Illinois, and specifically the facility in Pulaski County, to ensure compliance with care plans and infectious disease control."
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreak
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreak
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
There has been a public outcry for the accountability of law enforcement agents who kill and injure citizens. Epidemiological surveillance can underscore the magnitude of morbidity and mortality of citizens at the hands of law enforcement. We used hospital outpatient and inpatient databases to conduct a retrospective analysis of legal interventions in Illinois between 2010 and 2015. We calculated injury and mortality rates based on demographics, spatial distribution, and cause of injury. During the study period, 8,384 patients were treated for injuries caused during contact with law enforcement personnel. Most were male, the mean age was 32.7, and those injured were disproportionately black. Nearly all patients were treated as outpatients, and those who were admitted to the hospital had a mean of length of stay of 6 days. Most patients were discharged home or to an acute or long-term care facility (83.7%). It is unclear if those discharged home or to a different medical facility were arrested, accidentally injured, injured when no crime was committed, or injured when a crime was committed. Surveillance of law enforcement-related injuries and deaths should be implemented, and injuries caused during legal interventions should be recognized as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue.
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Importance: US life expectancy has not kept pace with that of other wealthy countries and is now decreasing. Objective: To examine vital statistics and review the history of changes in US life expectancy and increasing mortality rates; and to identify potential contributing factors, drawing insights from current literature and an analysis of state-level trends. Evidence: Life expectancy data for 1959-2016 and cause-specific mortality rates for 1999-2017 were obtained from the US Mortality Database and CDC WONDER, respectively. The analysis focused on midlife deaths (ages 25-64 years), stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography (including the 50 states). Published research from January 1990 through August 2019 that examined relevant mortality trends and potential contributory factors was examined. Findings: Between 1959 and 2016, US life expectancy increased from 69.9 years to 78.9 years but declined for 3 consecutive years after 2014. The recent decrease in US life expectancy culminated a period of increasing cause-specific mortality among adults aged 25 to 64 years that began in the 1990s, ultimately producing an increase in all-cause mortality that began in 2010. During 2010-2017, midlife all-cause mortality rates increased from 328.5 deaths/100 000 to 348.2 deaths/100 000. By 2014, midlife mortality was increasing across all racial groups, caused by drug overdoses, alcohol abuse, suicides, and a diverse list of organ system diseases. The largest relative increases in midlife mortality rates occurred in New England (New Hampshire, 23.3%; Maine, 20.7%; Vermont, 19.9%) and the Ohio Valley (West Virginia, 23.0%; Ohio, 21.6%; Indiana, 14.8%; Kentucky, 14.7%). The increase in midlife mortality during 2010-2017 was associated with an estimated 33 307 excess US deaths, 32.8% of which occurred in 4 Ohio Valley states. Conclusions and Relevance: US life expectancy increased for most of the past 60 years, but the rate of increase slowed over time and life expectancy decreased after 2014. A major contributor has been an increase in mortality from specific causes (eg, drug overdoses, suicides, organ system diseases) among young and middle-aged adults of all racial groups, with an onset as early as the 1990s and with the largest relative increases occurring in the Ohio Valley and New England. The implications for public health and the economy are substantial, making it vital to understand the underlying causes.
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
We trace the development of the concept of the corporate determinants of health. We argue that these determinants are predicated on the un- checked power of corporations and that the means by which corporations exert power is increasingly unseen. We identify four of the ways corporations influence health: defining the dominant narra- tive; setting the rules by which society, especially trade, oper- ates; commodifying knowledge; and undermining political, so- cial, and economic rights. We identify how public health professionals can respond to these manifestations of power. (Am J Public Health. 2018;108: 1167–1170. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2018.304510)
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of Health
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of Health
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Cook County Department of Public Health staff who are presenters, moderators, and secondary authors at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association are pictured. Their presentations are listed by Session number. The meeting attracts over 12,000 participants and is health in Philadelphia, PA from November 2nd to November 6th, 2019. #APHA2019 @PublicHealth @APHAAnnualMtg
Cook County Department of Public Health at APHA 2019
Cook County Department of Public Health at APHA 2019
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This transcript is useful for a small group exercise when participants are listening to Dr. Linda Rae Murry discuss her critique of the Ten Essential Services as a frame popular in the USA for describing what public health is and should do. It was used along with a worksheet to successfully generate small group discussion on September 12, 2019. Available at RootsofHealthInequity.org
Linda Rae Murray Voices From The Field transcript
Linda Rae Murray Voices From The Field transcript
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This was one of two 20-minute exercises used by Jim Bloyd and Rachel Rubin with a 30-minute slide presentation. The exercises generated discussion among groups of 2-3 people. The group also listened to the audio of Dr. Murray's 6-minute statement, and followed along reading a transcript of the statement. Both the audio and the transcript are available at RootsofHealthInequity.org of NACCHO.
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This handout was one of two used successfully as a 20-minute exercise together with a slide presentation.
Exercise Doak Bloss slide exerpt--For IPHA September 12, 2019 presentation
Exercise Doak Bloss slide exerpt--For IPHA September 12, 2019 presentation
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation and 3 20-minute exercises prepared for the annual conference of the Illinois Public Health Association, September 12, 2019 in Springfield, Illinois, USA. Abstract: The Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) used the National Association of County and City Health Officials' online course for the public health workforce Roots of Health Inequity, to accomplish three goals: change the way staff think about public health; change the way staff practice public health; and apply health equity principles to the daily work. Chief Operating Officer Terry Mason, MD, required all staff to participate in the training. Increasing the integration of a health equity approach by first training staff on health equity and how it is relevant to their work was a priority of the agency strategic plan, as well as a QI and Workforce Development priority for CCDPH. Components of the CCDPH Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues include the creation of 1small groups for in-person discussion; a leadership committee; training staff as facilitators; evaluation; a commitment to dialogue. The small group-approach accomplished two things: dialogue and discussion were maximized, while disruption of regular duties and health department functions was minimized. Reliance on staff to facilitate dialogues strengthened leadership for health equity within the health department, and eliminated the need for external facilitation. In addition, the “insider” knowledge of the Facilitators—most of whom have years of experience working at CCDPH---ensured that dialogue leaders understood the institutional culture, and increased the likelihood that the dialogues will be able to examine real barriers as well as opportunities to practice transformation.
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Books, articles, and online resources for people attending screenings of COOKED: Survival by zipcode film. vJuly21, 2019.
Selected References for Further Reading on Equity and Health
Selected References for Further Reading on Equity and Health
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This is a list of the panels and panelists for the July 12-25 2019 screenings of COOKED in Chicago, Illinois at the Gene Siskel Film Center, 164 N. State St., Chicago, Illinois. USA
Chicago Panels Details COOKED documentary Film July 12-25, 2019
Chicago Panels Details COOKED documentary Film July 12-25, 2019
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Fact sheet, April 2017 by Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County, Chicago, Illinois.
Wage theft is a threat to community health and well-being. Wage theft is a pu...
Wage theft is a threat to community health and well-being. Wage theft is a pu...
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are “upstream” drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on “downstream” behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators’ role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities.
New approaches for moving upstream how state and local health departments can...
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Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael Marmot
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael Marmot
Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Objective. This article examines how epidemiological evidence is and should be used in the context of increasing concern for health equity and for social determinants of health. Method. A research literature on use of scientific evidence of “environmental risks” is outlined, and key issues compared with those that arise with respect to social determinants of health. Results. The issue sets are very similar. Both involve the choice of a standard of proof, and the corollary need to make value judgments about how to address uncertainty in the context of “the inevitability of being wrong,” at least some of the time, and to consider evidence from multiple kinds of research design. The nature of such value judgments and the need for methodological pluralism are incompletely understood. Conclusion. Responsible policy analysis and interpretation of scientific evidence require explicit consideration of the ethical issues involved in choosing a standard of proof. Because of the stakes involved, such choices often become contested political terrain. Comparative research on how those choices are made will be valuable.
Can health equity survive epidemiology? Standards of proof and social determi...
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Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
The importance of public policy as a determinant of health is routinely acknowledged, but there remains a continuing absence of mainstream debate about the ways in which the politics, power and ideology, which underpin public policy influence people's health. This paper explores the possible reasons behind the absence of a politics of health and demonstrates how explicit acknowledgement of the political nature of health will lead to more effective health promotion strategy and policy, and to more realistic and evidence-based public health and health promotion practice
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Statement from the Red de Salud Colectiva of the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Medicina Social y Salud Colective (Latin American Association of Social Medicine and Collective Health) distributed February 1, 2019 on the ALAMES list serve by Oscar Feo Isturiz, physician, specialist in public health and occupational health, and retired professor at the University of Carabobo, Venezuela. He advises the Ministries of Health of El Salvador and Bolivia. He is on the Consultative Committee of ALAMES.
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