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1. Ces
Lesson 3: The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit

2. C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love
For St. Augustine, physically we are free, yet morally bound to obey the law. The Eternal law is
God Himself. According to this law, humanity must do well and avoid evil, hence, the existence of
moral obligation in every human being.
Through prayer, modesty, fasting, and other sound measures that the Church recommends, or
God provides, can purify heart, mind, and body be maintained and daily lived.

3. B. Buddhism: Nirvana
Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of bondage and attachment.
It means to overcome and remove the cause of suffering. 7t is also the state or perfect insight into
the nature of existence. The Buddhists see one who has attained nirvana as one who is
unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a human being to existence.

4. A. Hinduism: Reincarnation and Karma
Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first literary expression in
Upanishads. Everything in this life, say the Hindus, is a consequence of actions performed in
previous existence. Only by building up a fine record, or "karma", can final salvation be attained.

6. F.Love
To love is to experience richness, positivity, and transcendence.Whether in times of ecstatic
moments or struggles, the love for a friend, between family members or a significant person, can
open in us something in the other which takes us beyond ourselves. Life is full of risks, fears and
commitment, pain and sacrificing and giving up things we want for the sake of the one we love. In
Buddhist view, the more we love, the more risks and fears there are in life.

7. E. Loneliness
Our loneliness can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and fear of death. This experience is
common. However, it is our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always "happy" or
to accept a life where solitude and companionship have a part. With our loneliness, we can realize
that our dependence on other people or gadgets is a possessiveness that we can be free from.

8. D. Failure
Our failures force us to confront our weaknesses and limitations.
Such acceptance of our failures make us hope and trust that all can be brought into good. Even if
we have sinned, as Augustine had, there is hope and forgiveness.

9. C. Vulnerability
The experience that we are contingent, that we are dependent for our existence on another is
frightening.
We need to acknowledge the help of other people in our lives.

10. B. The Beauty of Nature
There is perfection in every single flower; this is what the three philosophies believed. These kinds
of experiences can be truly moments of grace. They touch us deeply and the human heart is
spontaneously lifted.

11. A. Forgiveness
When we forgive, we are freed from our anger and bitterness because of the actions and/or
words of another. 0n the other hand, the hardness of our heart is reinforced by the whole series
of rational arguments.

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13. :PodIet
John 15:5
"7 am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and fin
apart from me, you can do nothing."
you, you will bear much fruit;
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14. Philosophie
J'ai tout lu.
J'ai tout vu.
J'ai tout connu.
J'ai tout entendu.
J'ai tout eu.
Et je suis... un peu perdu.
I have everything.
I have seen all.
I knew all.
I have heard all.
I had it all.
I had lost... I am a bit lost.

15. For Augustine, wisdom is not just an abstract logical construction; it is substantially existent as the
Devine Logos. Hence, philosophy is the love of God.

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17. Saint Augustine of Hippo
Also known as the Doctor of Grace, was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose
writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.

18. :PodIet
"Faith is to believe what you do not
see; the reward of this faith is to see
what you believe"
- Saint Augustine
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19. The reality of God is unquestioned in the New Testament due to the conviction that in Jesus of
Nazareth the eternal God became flesh and dwelt among human beings.
19 /

20. The problem addressed in the Old Testament isn't atheism, but polytheism: not the denial of God
but the worship of more than one God.

21. ( Proving the existence of God is as pointless as probing the existence of air.
21 /

23. States of Sublime Condition
• Love
• Sorrow of others
• Joy in the joy of others
• Equanimity as regards one's own joy and sorrows.

24. :PodIet
Samsara
It is the beginning-less cycle of repeated birth,
mundane existence and dying again that all beings
pass through. Samsara is considered to be dukkha,
unsatisfactory and painful, perpetuated by desire
and avidya (ignorance), and the resulting karma.
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25. :PodIet
Zn the state oF NIrvana, the eFFects oF Karma can be overcame; the Cycl e oF
Reb1rth is broken; and one may rest
atta1ned a heavenly bl iss that wi 11
In the calm assurance of havinp
stretch Into at I etern1ty.
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26. Nirvana
The highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment, meaning aperson's
individual desires and suffering go away.

27. Axioms
• Cease to do evil
• Learn to do good
• Purify your own mind
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28. Dharma
the principle of cosmic order.
28 5S

29. Dharma
the teaching or religion of the Buddha.

30. :PodIet
Sangha
the Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices,
and laity.
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32. Eightfold Path
1. Right belief in and acceptance of the "Fourfold Truth";
2. Right aspiration for one's self and for others;
3. Right speech that harms no one;
4. Right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings;
5. Right means of livelihood, or earning one's living by honorable means;
6. Right endeavor, or effort to direct one's energies toward wise ends;
7. Right mindfulness in choosing topics for thought; and
8. Right meditation, or concentration to the point of complete absorption in mystic ecstacy.

33. Four Noble Truths
1. Life is full of suffering;
2. Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings;
3. Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease;
4. Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the Eightfold Path of
earnest endeavor.

34. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
He turned away from Hinduism to seek for answers
to the riddle of life's sufferings, disease, old age,
and death.

35. :PodIet
Like stars fading and vanishing at dawn,
Like bubbles on a fast moving stream,
Like morning dewdrops evaporating on blades of grass,
like a candle flickering in a stormy wind,
echoes, mirages, and phantoms hallucinations and like a dream.
- The Buddha, Elght Smiles of illusion
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36. Submitted by: JIMENEZ and JARILLA
3ó

38. The Upanishads are a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts
of Hinduism; and is also considered by Hindus to contain utterances concerning the nature of
ultimate reality and describing the character of and path to human salvation

39. Dharma is an important term in7ndian religions. 7n Hinduism it means ’duty’, ’virtue, ’morality’,
even ’religion’ and it refers to the power which upholds the universe and society.

41. :PodIet
Vishnu
Vishnu is considered as the most important god in Hinduism.Vishnu has come to earth as Rama
and Krishna to save the world. Vishnu is married to Lakshmi. Vishnu has four arms, which together
hold a conch, a lotus flower, a discus and a club. Vishnu has come down to earth many times,
sometimes as an animal, sometimes as human beings.
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42. Brahma
Most Hindus believe that Brahman is present in every person as the eternal spirit or soul, called
the atman.
Brahman contains everything: creation and destruction, male and female, good and evil,
movement and stillness.
These are expressed in the trimurti and are:
• Brahma, the creator
• Vishnu, the preserver
• Shiva, the destroyer

43. Hinduism's Primary Values
1. Wealth
2. Pleasure
3. Duty
4. Enlightment

44. Brahman
Places a lot of emphasis on the attainment of self-knowledge.

45. Moksha
7t is the transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth.

47. Humanity's basic goal in life is the liberation (moksha) of spirit ÿiva).

48. Karma (&*t)
It refers to intentional actions that affect one's fortunes in this life and the next.

49. Human beings possess dual nature:
• The spiritual and immortal essence (soul)
• Empirical life and character

50. :PodIet
The Aum
It is the root of the universe and everything that
exists and it continues to hold everything together.
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51. At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings' quest for absolute truth, so that one's soul
and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one.

52. Hinduism is one of the oldest Eastern traditions practiced by hundreds of millions of people for
about 5,000 years

53. :PodIet
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54. Transcendence
(n) conveys the basic ground concept from the world's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing
or going beyond, with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages.

55. Objectives
1. To recognize own limitations or possibilities for one's transcendence.
2. To evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for one's transcendence
3. To recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
4. To distinguish the limitations and possibilities for trascendence