The document contains notes from a science class on the topics of color, light, vision, and waves. It includes definitions and explanations of key terms like primary colors, color blindness, the structure of the eye and retina, and activities exploring the blind spot and wave interactions. Test questions at the end review material about the longest and shortest visible light wavelengths, color perception in different lights, the nerve cells responsible for color detection in the eye, and the three color wavelengths detected by those nerve cells.

1. Tuesday, March 27, 2012
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2. 1. Complete Warm-Up for March 28th.
2. Get your journal ready – we will
complete our notes on Color and
Vision today
3. Time Limit: 8 minutes
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3. 1. An element is located in the periodic table according to
A. when it was discovered.
B. its chemical symbol.
C. its chemical name.
D. its physical and chemical properties.
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7. 5. Are the properties of
sodium, Na, more like the properties
of lithium, Li, or magnesium, Mg?
Explain your answer.
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8. S8P5:
Students will explore the
wave nature of sound and
electromagnetic radiation.
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9. a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic
and mechanical waves.
b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is
manipulated causing reflection, refraction
diffraction, and absorption.
c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and
colors in terms of wavelengths.
d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected
by medium (such as air, water, solids).
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10. What are the three visible
light wavelengths detected
by the human eye?
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11. Even though the visible spectrum
consists of seven different colors, all of
the color seen by the human eye is a
mixture of the three primary colors:
red, green, and blue.
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12. Red, green, and blue are the primary
additive colors. When mixed together in
different proportions, you can make just
about any color. When mixed in equal
proportions (added together), the three
primary colors yield white light.
http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/light/additive
.html
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13. A pigment is a colored material that
absorbs some colors and reflects
others. The primary pigments are:
1. magenta
2. yellow
3. cyan
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14. Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow are the primary
subtractive colors. These colors are
combined to produce print media and
photographic film. When the subtractive
primary colors magenta, cyan, and yellow are
added together, they form the color black.
http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/light/s
ubtractive.html
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16. When light enters your eye, it is focused
on a special “screen” at the back of the
eyeball. This screen is called the retina.
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17. It is made up of two different types of nerves
cells, rods and cones. The rods are sensitive to
dim light and are useful for night vision. Cones are
useful during the daylight and they help to
distinguish color because they absorb a different
range of wavelengths.
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18. There are three types of cones:
1. Red cones – absorb mostly red and yellow
2. Green cones – absorb mostly yellow and
green
3. Blue cones – absorb mostly blue and violet
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19. Examples:
When you look at white T-shirt, all three
cones are stimulated
When you look at blue jeans, only the blue
cone is stimulated
When you look at a yellow shirt, both red
cones and green cones are stimulated
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20. Color blindness occurs because one or
more sets of cones do not function
correctly.
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21. Blind Spot Activity
Instructions
1. To find your blind spot, take a piece of paper and draw a small
X on the right side
2. Now, take your ruler and measure about 5 inches to the left of
the X.
3. Draw a dot there about the size of a penny.
4. Hold the paper in front of you and close your right eye. Look at
the X. Even though you're looking at the X you should be able
to see the dot out of the corner of your eye.
5. Slowly move the paper in front of you. Try moving it left and
right or closer and farther away. Remember to keep looking at
the X. At a certain point, the dot will seem to disappear out of
the corner of your eye.
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22. Blind Spot Activity
Explanation
Here's the science scoop on why this works: On the back of your eye, your
retina, you have cells called rods and cones that catch light and send
messages to your brain along your nerves, which are like wires. All your
nerves go through your retina in just one spot. In this spot, there are no
rods and cones. Since you don't have any rods and cones there to catch
light, you can't see with that part of your eye. The reason you don't notice
your blind spot is because your brain fills in that part of your vision with
what it thinks should be there. So when the dot goes into your blind
spot, your brain fills in that space with the color of your paper because
that's what surrounds it. How big is your blind spot? Will the dot still
disappear if it's as big as a quarter? How about if it's a different shape, like
a square or a star?
From PBSKids--
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3c75a3fc-
4fdc-4adc-883d-21a0b477f299
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23. Wave Interactions
LAB
We will need to form five (5) teams
to conduct this lab.
We will work quietly in the hallway.
The lab is due at the end of class.
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24. 1. What is the longest color the human
eye can detect?
2. What is the shortest color the human
eye can detect?
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25. 3. If a white piece of paper and a black
piece of paper is placed in a blue
light, what color will you see on the
papers?
4. If a green leaf and a red apple are
placed in a green light, what color will
you see when you look at the leaf and
apple?
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26. 5. What is the name of the nerve cells
(on the retina) that detect color?
6. Name the three colors the color nerve
cells can detect.
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