Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study_Ganna Samoylenko

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study
2015
RESEARCH STUDY GANNA SAMOYLENKO
FOR BIG LAKES COUNTY EDMONTON, AB
Lesser Slave Lake
Sustainable Development Study

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Table of Contents
TABLE OF FIGURES..............................................................................................................................V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................VI
I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................1
II. HISTORICAL TRENDS ...................................................................................................................3
POPULATION .........................................................................................................................................3
EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR ........................................................................................................................6
INCOME ................................................................................................................................................8
CREATIVE CLASS & TYPE OF INDUSTRIES IN THE REGION.........................................................................11
VISITORS, EXPENDITURE AND POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR RURAL VACATION .................................................16
TOURISM FACILITIES, ATTRACTIONS & THEIR CAPACITIES, LEVEL OF OCCUPANCY ......................................18
TOURISM ANALYSIS OF OTHER RURAL AREAS.........................................................................................25
Sylvan Lake, Alberta......................................................................................................................25
Prince Edward County, Ontario ......................................................................................................27
Lakeland, Finland ..........................................................................................................................28
III. LAKE MANAGEMENT ..............................................................................................................30
INTEGRATED LACUSTRINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ILMS)........................................................................30
RULES AND REGULATIONS AROUND THE LESSER SLAVE LAKE ..................................................................32
ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES ......................................................................................................37
INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE AND RAILWAY.................................................................................................39
IV. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES.......................................................................................................40
LAKE CAPACITY FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA.............................................40
Tourism and Recreation.................................................................................................................41
Private and Residential Development.............................................................................................45
CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY .................................................................................................................46
ANALYSIS OF THE LESSER SLAVE LAKE MANAGEMENT FOR RECREATION AND TOURISM ..............................47
MARKETING.........................................................................................................................................50
V. ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDATY DATA....................................................................52
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................................................52
Development Strategies.................................................................................................................52
Development focus ........................................................................................................................54
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH ................................................................................................................56

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economic growth and will limit environmental impact on the lake and its surrounding areas. The
objectives of this study are to (1) provide historical trends and major influences of Lesser
Slave Lake Development, their economics and how they relate to BLC’s future growth, (2)
undertake an independent study on current Lesser Slave Lake Development initiatives,
vision and barriers highlighting tourism and/or other opportunities and their negative and
positive impacts, (3) evaluate the lake capacity for the further development by providing
recommendations and framework for the lake future development.
This report will firstly evaluate the historical trends based on the statistical and historical data of
the region. Secondly, the study will focus on the current lake management, rules and
regulations, organisations and industries that have direct or indirect impact on the lake and its
lakeshore. Thirdly, we will look into the future opportunities available in the region based on
secondary data discussed previously. Fourthly, the study will provide a full analysis of the
primary and secondary findings. The final section will conclude this study by providing
recommendations, stressing the priorities and stages to be taken for successful sustainable
future development of the LSL and its region.

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II. HISTORICAL TRENDS
In order to have a better representation and closer comprehension of the region, it was decided
to evaluate BLC versus the MD of LSR and the Town of High Prairie versus the Town of Slave
Lake. The decision was based on the location of municipalities that are neighbours and their
proximity to the lake. Analysis was based on the latest data available when this research was
undertaken and stands for year 2001, 2006 and 20112
unless otherwise specified.
Population
The below graph shows the population variation in the region for High Prairie, Slave Lake, BLC
and the MD of LSR3
. Population in High Prairie in 2011 declined by 8.3% compared to 2001. On
the contrary, population in Slave Lake increased by 2.8%. Furthermore, the population in Slave
Lake is 2.7 times higher than in High Prairie. If we take into account the land area of High
Prairie, which is 7.92 km2
, with population density of 328.2 per km2
compared to Slave Lake’s
14.18 km2
and 478.4 per km2
respectively, it is clear that High Prairie has the potential to grow
and is not as land locked as Slave Lake4
.
The cause of population decline in High Prairie may be explained by people relocating from the
Town into the County. However, it also highlights the fact that few newcomers come to settle in
the Town of High Prairie compared to the Town of Slave Lake at the moment.
2
Note. First Nations data were not included in this analysis
3
Statistics Canada, Census of Canada 2001, 2006 & 2011
4
Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities),
2011 and 2006 censuses

If we look at BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in
2001 to 2011. It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in
population compared to 2001
2.06 times bigger than in the
farms existing in BLC compared to its neighbour MD.
population density of 13, 928.13
respectively5
. Both regions are gra
development due to their gradual population growth without
boom.
5
Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and
2011 and 2006 censuses
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
High Prairie
2001 2737
2006 2750
2011 2510
POPULATION
Figure 1: Population Growth (2001
BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in
It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in
population compared to 2001 - 0.68% in BLC and 0.18% in the MD of LSR
the MD of LSR. This can be explained by the number
farms existing in BLC compared to its neighbour MD. The land area of BLC is 2,143 km
13, 928.13 per km2
compared to 1,111 km2
and 10,075.88
Both regions are gradually growing and can support the region
development due to their gradual population growth without the future
Statistics Canada, Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities),
Slave Lake Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River,
6600 5845
6703 5805
6782 6040
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: Population Growth (2001-2011)
BLC, population growth was 3.34% in comparison to 3.68% in the MD of LSR from
It is important to note that in 2006 both regions experienced a decline in
LSR. Population in BLC is
number of hamlets and
The land area of BLC is 2,143 km2
with
and 10,075.88 per km2
support the region’s sustainable
future predicted population
census subdivisions (municipalities),
Lesser Slave River,
MD
2825
2820
2929

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Even though some areas experience population growth (excluding High Prairie), it was
negligible and cannot be considered an economic variable with an average of 0.038%
annual population growth for all four municipalities. Nevertheless, average annual growth for the
region is estimated to be 0.50 – 0.99% annually by the Alberta Treasury Board and Finance that
was based on the projection from 2013 until 20416
(figure 2 below). The primary growth drive is
expected to be migration, particularly international migration, followed by an expectation of
families having more children and living longer.
Municipalities need to consider the
advantages and disadvantages of
attracting newcomers to their regions
in order to strengthen their economy in
the future. This study will discuss this in
more details in Section IV. Future
Opportunities, Contemporary Strategy (p
40) later in this report.
Figure 2: Average Annual Growth Rate (2013 -2041) for Census Divisions
6
Alberta Treasury Board and Finance, Alberta Population Projections, by Census Division

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Employment & Labour
It is important to understand the
unemployment rate fluctuations in four
municipalities selected for this analysis
(figure 3 on page 7 below). In High Prairie
unemployment rate increased from 5.5% in
2001 to 10.3% in 2011 compared to Slave
Lake where unemployment decreased from
6.9% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2011.
The BLC unemployment rate decreased from 11.5% in 2001 to 7.3% in 2011 compared to the
MD of LSR decrease from 7.5% to 7.4% respectively. It is important to note that both Slave
Lake and the MD of LSR reduced their unemployment rate in 2006 to 3.9% and 1.6%
respectively. This shows an economic growth in those regions around 2006 compared to High
Prairie, the only municipality that showed an increase in an unemployment rate. It may provide
partial explanation for the population decrease at the same time period. People started
relocating outside the Town whether for education, training or job related reasons.
Joussard

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development StudyLesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study
Figure 3: Employment and Unemployment R
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: Employment and Unemployment Rate (percentage)

Income
Looking at the median total income for all four regions
in household income in all four regions.
income, improved by 28.43% in ten (10) years period compared to
where the average total income climbed by 31.46%. On the other han
average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC.
positive environment for local population as well as future residents. This indicates that the
regions are improving their economic
median income over the years.
27780
24706
18990
16732
2000
Slave Lake (Town)
ncome for all four regions (below), there is a clear
in all four regions. The Town of Slave Lake, having the highest average
income, improved by 28.43% in ten (10) years period compared to the
where the average total income climbed by 31.46%. On the other hand,
average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC.
improving their economic stability by being able to increase their
median income over the years.
Figure 4
31938
35679
26240
32480
25440
21675
2005 2010
High Prairie (Town) Lesser Slave River, MD Big Lakes County
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there is a clear gradual increase
Town of Slave Lake, having the highest average
the Town of High Prairie
d, the MD of LSR total
average income increased by 80.84% compared to 66.19% increase in BLC. This shows a
g able to increase their residents’
4: Median Total Income
32480
34341
27806
2010
Big Lakes County

The next two graphs represent
Prairie to Slave Lake and BLC to
High Prairie peaked at 11.9% (
Lake at 11.7% and 9.8% respectively.
both in High Prairie and Slave Lake are earning
respectively). Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between
$40,000 and $100,000, leaving only 16.4% in High Prairie and 16
higher than $100,000. This shows that both towns
provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase
incomes in the future. By having
zone will provide a stronger ground for economic stability
4.1%
10.9%
8.0%
5.1%5.3%
7.9%
6.3%
4.5%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
ext two graphs represent the income by percentage in all four regions comparing High
Prairie to Slave Lake and BLC to the MD of LSR in year 2010.
at 11.9% ($30,000 - $39,999 and $60,000 - $79,999
11.7% and 9.8% respectively. It is important to note that more than 50% of population
both in High Prairie and Slave Lake are earning less than $40,000 a year
Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between
eaving only 16.4% in High Prairie and 16.5% in Slave Lake with income
This shows that both towns need to evaluate more closely those jobs that
provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase
. By having more than 50% of employed population in $40,000
zone will provide a stronger ground for economic stability and growth in both municipalities.
Figure 5: Income Rate, 2010 – High Prairie via Slave Lake
5.1%
5.6%
10.2%
11.9%
4.9%
3.6%
11.9%
7.3%
4.5%
6.4%
9.0%
11.7%
8.0%
6.3%
9.8% 8.4%
High Prairie Slave Lake
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income by percentage in all four regions comparing High
79,999) compared to Slave
more than 50% of population
$40,000 a year (55.8% and 51.1%
Only 32.5% in Slave Lake and 27.7% in High Prairie have income between
5% in Slave Lake with income
need to evaluate more closely those jobs that
provide less than $40,000 annual income and propose solutions to increase those households’
50% of employed population in $40,000 - $100,000
in both municipalities.
High Prairie via Slave Lake
8.3%
7.5%
0.7%
8.2%
4.2%
4.0%

Using the same analysis, BLC peaked at only $20,000
$39,999 by 11.5% compared to
$39,999 and 13.4% at $60,000
LSR, respectively, were earning less than $40,000 a year.
$40,000 and $99,999 and only 10% and 11.7% we
high percentage of the lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands
in the region when farmers’ income is quite often
Figure 6: Income Rate, 2010
Taking into account all four regions,
income of more than 57% (average) of peop
3.8%
10.1%
6.9%
7.7%
3.0%
8.4%
5.0%
8.4%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
Using the same analysis, BLC peaked at only $20,000 - $29,999 by 12.6%
$39,999 by 11.5% compared to the MD of LSR where the peaks were 15.6% at $ $30,000
4% at $60,000 - $79,999. Even more, 63% and 59% in BLC and
re earning less than $40,000 a year. 26.7 % and
$99,999 and only 10% and 11.7% were earning more than $100,000 plus.
lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands
region when farmers’ income is quite often the lowest.
: Income Rate, 2010 – Big Lakes County via the MD
Taking into account all four regions, the margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the
income of more than 57% (average) of people earning less than $40,000 a year
7.7%
10.4%
12.6%
11.5%
6.9% 7.3%
6.7%
5.8%
8.4%
8.0%
10.6%
15.6%
4.5% 4.7%
13.4%
7.1%
Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River, MD
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$29,999 by 12.6% and $30,000 -
where the peaks were 15.6% at $ $30,000 -
63% and 59% in BLC and the MD of
26.7 % and 29.7% were between
re earning more than $100,000 plus. The
lower income population in BCL can be explained by a lot of farm lands
the MD of Lesser Slave River
the margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the
$40,000 a year in 2010.
5.1%
2.3%
2.9%
5.6%
3.2%
2.6%

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Hamlet of Kinuso
Creative Class & Type of Industries in the Region
In order to understand more clearly the key drivers for the region the review of industries by
occupation and employment by the industry is presented below. For the purpose of this analysis
we only looked at the latest data available to date for the year 2011 (figures 7 and 8 on p. 13 -
14).
The biggest economic driver in the region is “trades, transport, and equipment
operations and related occupations” for all four selected municipalities. Even though it is the
second biggest for High Prairie and Slave Lake where “sales and service occupations” have
slightly higher percentage it is still dominant for the overall region. This may be explained by the
demands of Oil and Gas, Forestry and Agriculture that are heavily present in the region. High
Prairie and BLC has a higher percentage of occupations in “social science, education,
government services and religion” which can be explained by the strong presence of the
Northern Lakes College campuses (eight (8) in total, see Figure 7: The Northern Lakes College
Campuses Map7
below compared to only three (3) in Slave Lake and the MD of LSR). In the MD
of LSR, the second and the third dominant industries are “business, finance and administration
occupations” as well as management occupations. This may explain the higher earnings
compared to BLC discussed in the previous section. Also, Slave Lake’s third dominant
economic driver is finance and administration that may help to give the town the highest median
total income in 2010 discussed on p. 8.
Presence of the businesses, finance and
administrative facilities in Slave Lake and the
MD of LSR benefit the oil and gas industry
that, obviously, provides a mutually
beneficial support for those businesses to
exist and prosper.
7
Source: Available online at Northern Lakes College website

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Figure 7: The Northern Lakes College Campuses Map

Following the same scheme, employment by industry shows that
trades” are the dominant employment industry
highest for BLC and the MD of
Figure 8: Industry by O
Following the same scheme, employment by industry shows that the
dominant employment industry for High Prairie and Slave Lake
of LSR.
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: Industry by Occupation, 2011
the “wholesale and retail
for High Prairie and Slave Lake and the second

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade and retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information and cultural industries
Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and
leasing
Professional, scientific and technical services
Administrative and support, waste management
and remediation services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Other services (except public administration)
Public administration
High Prairie
Figure 9: Employment by Industry, 2011
7.6%
12.9%
0.0%
7.6%
7.6%
12.6%
4.2%
0.0%
0.0%
4.2%
5.6%
9.5%
7.0%
0.0%
4.5%
8.1%
8.7%
10.1%
7.7%
0.5%
6.6%
4.0%
13.8%
7.1%
0.0%
1.7%
2.4%
1.7%
14.1%
7.2%
0.3%
7.1%
3.2%
12.5%
1.3%
11.7%
1.6%
11.5%
4.3%
5.4%
1.3%
2.9%
2.4%
2.3%
7.8%
7.9%
0.6%
11.2%
4.4%
4.5%
1.0%
4.5%
0.0%
4.2%
3.8%
2.1%
1.0%
0.0%
4.2%
6.3%
16.0%
9.1%
1.4%
8.7%
4.2%
11.1%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade and retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information and cultural industries
Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and
Professional, scientific and technical services
Administrative and support, waste management
and remediation services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Other services (except public administration)
Public administration
High Prairie Slave Lake Big Lakes County Lesser Slave River, MD
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: Employment by Industry, 2011
18.8%
22.3%
16.0%
20.0% 25.0%
Lesser Slave River, MD

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“Education” and “public administration” services are the first and the third employment drivers
for BLC respectively as well as the second and the third for High Prairie compared to “mining,
quarrying and oil and gas extraction” which are the first in the MD of LSR and the second for
Slave Lake. “Construction” is the third dominant industry for Slave Lake where education
services come third for the MD of LSR. This shows that Slave Lake and the MD of LSR have
slightly better diversification of their economy and rely more on industries rather than public
and education services that are more prevalent in BLC and High Prairie which will increase
even more after the new hospital is completed in High Prairie.
On the other hand, if we look at the creative class that can stimulate growth and help to rebuild
local economies, only “educational services” is visibly present. “The Creative Class includes
people employed in science and engineering, architecture and design, education, arts, music
and entertainment occupations.8
” Professional, scientific and technical services employment is
less than 5% for all four municipalities, whereas arts, entertainment and recreation is less than
1.5% as well as information and cultural industries. These figures show a challenge in
attracting this class of people into the region. It has been known that “the primary economic
function of the Creative Class is to generate new ideas, new technology and/or new creative
content.9
” Consequently, those provide opportunities and attract newcomers into the
region. These creative individuals provide a heightened sense of quality of the place and in turn
attract new business investments. This aspect of economic development for rural communities
cannot be underestimated. It needs to become one of the new competitive strategies that
will be discussed in the section IV. Future Opportunities, Contemporary Strategy on p. 46 in
more details later in this study.
8
Stolarick et al., Creativity, Tourism and Economic Development in a Rural Context: the case of Prince Edward County, Journal of
Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 239
9

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Visitors, Expenditure and Potential Demand for Rural Vacation
Tourism is one of the tools that can be used by rural communities to counteract the decline in
economic activity experienced in more traditional industries such as Agriculture, Energy
and/or Forestry. Based on the Summary of Visitor Numbers and Characteristics provided by the
Government of Alberta (GoA), Tourism, Parks and Recreation for 2010 - 2012 the most visits in
Alberta were made by Albertans, 85.5% in 2012 compared to 86% in 2011 and 81% in 2010.
The LSL location is favourable due to its close proximity to large cities in Alberta. It is located
about 2.5 hours drive from Grand Prairie, less than 3 hours from Edmonton and 5 hours from
Calgary. This would explain such a high percentage of Albertans visiting the rural LSL areas of
the region.
In 2012, visitors from the other parts of Canada accounted for 22% where visitors from the
United States and other international travellers accounted for 2% and 1% respectively.
However, based on the visitor expenditure, residents of Alberta rated for 58% of direct visitor
spending in northern Alberta. Visitors from other parts of Canada accounted for 29% where
visitors from the United States accounted for 8%, and other international travellers accounted
for 5% of the direct tourism expenditures in the region10
. The lower expenditure compared to the
percentage of Albertans visiting Alberta by Albertans compared to other visitors to the region
can be explained by the high amount of Albertans visiting their friends and families (43% in
2012)11
as a main purpose of their trip. Consequently, by increasing USA and international
travellers by only 3% might double their expenditure and would bring more money into
the region. Those visitors, commonly, travel for longer periods of time compared to Albertans
visiting Alberta and require accommodation, transportation and other means for their travel.
10
Source: The Economic Impact of Tourism in the Alberta North Tourism Region 2012, Government of Alberta
11
Source: A Summary of 2012 Visitor Numbers and Characteristics, Government of Alberta

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A study on the Potential Demand for rural vacation experience in Alberta by residents of Alberta
in June 2012 highlighted that northern and central Alberta were frequently visited for lakeside
camping.
People that were interviewed were keen on:
• small communities
• images associated with farming, water bodies and lakes
• camping
• and slower pace of life
Some even emphasised on “having an unusual or rare experience and that the experience
might be educational” (p.iii). In addition, they also identified three main areas that visitors were
still keen to experience, such as museums and historical sites of Alberta, the desire to go “up
north” and finally parks and other attractions. The LSL region is rich on all of those attractions
and can offer an amazing experience for visitors and travelers. Based on the above, this study
will look at the potential facilities’ and attractions’ development around the region in part IV.
Future Development, Lake Capacity for Further Development and its Surrounding Area on p.
40) of this report.

Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their C
The review of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently
the lake was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as
Slave Lake Chamber of Commerce campground information,
Tourism brochure for 2012, flayers etc.
information. Most of the RV
or local newspapers. In some cases they do not
are not only seasonal but pre-
one body to provide a single, consolidated source of
visitors but also to enhance
gathering and analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the
future tourism and recreation
economic growth across the whole region
Campgrounds. There are
campgrounds available in surrounding area,
only twelve (12) in close proximity
with two newly build, Shadow Creek Resort and
Marina and KL – One Campgr
camping stalls are 2,123+ and only 1,045 with
power supply. Tap water is
eighteen (18) campgrounds
disposal availability is only at
Eleven (11) campgrounds are located
advertise a boat launch but only
(2) are in the MD of LSR and based on the Lesser Slave River (LSR)
all campgrounds. During the summer most of the campgrounds are full.
Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their Capacities, Level of Occupancy
eview of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently
was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as
Slave Lake Chamber of Commerce campground information, the Lesser Sl
e for 2012, flayers etc. These sources of information still
. Most of the RV parks and campgrounds are marketing themselves
In some cases they do not even have to market themselves
-booked in advance. Nevertheless, this highlights the need to have
gle, consolidated source of information, not only for tourist
also to enhance the ability to market the whole LSL region
analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the
tourism and recreation strategies are essential to provide a strong driver for
economic growth across the whole region.
There are twenty three (23)
available in surrounding area, with
proximity to the lake
Shadow Creek Resort and
One Campground, of which
,123+ and only 1,045 with a
is available at only
campgrounds and the sewage
only at fourteen (14).
re located at the lakeshore; nineteen (19) offer fishing,
boat launch but only six (6) offer a boat rental (four (4) are located in BLC and two
and based on the Lesser Slave River (LSR)). Animals are allowed at
campgrounds. During the summer most of the campgrounds are full.
Shadow Creek Resort
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ccupancy
eview of the tourism attractions, infrastructure and access currently available surrounding
was undertaken. It is important to note that different resources were used such as the
Lesser Slave Lake Regional
still offer very limited
are marketing themselves via Facebook
even have to market themselves, because they
is highlights the need to have
, not only for tourists and
the whole LSL region. In addition, better
analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and interest for the
to provide a strong driver for
offer fishing, sixteen (16)
(four (4) are located in BLC and two
). Animals are allowed at
Shadow Creek Resort

Cabins. There are eight (8) locatio
rentals with another three (3)
up to 265 people in total. Most of them have inside toilets, hot and drinking water. Five (5) are
located in BLC and six (6) in
one location in Smith, AB with 3 cabi
capacity of 28 people.
Hotels. There are nine (9) hotels
Lake with capacity of 661 room
available. However, there are
43 rooms and Royal Star Motor Inn with 30 rooms in High Prairie,
rooms, Highway Motor Inn with 75 rooms and
Marinas / Harbours. There are seven (7
around the lake where six (6)
are under federal jurisdiction, such as Canyon Creek
ones in BLC.
Joussard Marina, AB12
12
Source: Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
13
Source: Spruce Point Park Campground and Marina website
There are eight (8) locations with fifty four (54) cabins around the
locations near LSR with additional six (6) cabins. Their capacity is
located in BLC and six (6) in the MD of LSR and The Town of Slave Lake. In addition, there is
one location in Smith, AB with 3 cabins and one near Fawcett Lake West with two (2) with
There are nine (9) hotels in the area, six (6) of which are located in
with capacity of 661 room and only two (2) in The Town of High Prairie
e numerous motels in both towns; examples are
43 rooms and Royal Star Motor Inn with 30 rooms in High Prairie, and
Highway Motor Inn with 75 rooms and Lakeside Motor Inn with 47 rooms in Slave Lake.
There are seven (7) marinas (excluding one on L
) are located in BLC and only one (1) in the MD
are under federal jurisdiction, such as Canyon Creek in the MD of LSR
Spruce Point Park Marina in Kinuso, AB
Source: Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
Source: Spruce Point Park Campground and Marina website
19 | P a g e
the LSL that offered cabin
cabins. Their capacity is
of Slave Lake. In addition, there is
Fawcett Lake West with two (2) with total
located in The Town of Slave
of High Prairie with 153 rooms
numerous motels in both towns; examples are Key Inn Motel with
Northwest Inn with 99
Inn with 47 rooms in Slave Lake.
LSR) that are located
the MD of LSR. Three (3)
of LSR, Faust and Joussard
arina in Kinuso, AB13

The private marinas are in
RedSky in Joussard and in Shaw’s Point
them are located in BLC. (There is one more marina in
mouth of the Lesser Slave River just north of the
stalls are available in total around the LSL
is planned to be added to Shadow Creek Resort in a near future.
RedSky are offering their private pier
Boat Launch. Public Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around
additional one on the LSR. In the surrounding area
are available on Winagami,
launches around LSL, examples are Shadow Creek Resort, RedSky and Shaw’s Point Resort.
Boat Rentals. Boat rentals are offered only at
located on the LSR and other
Beaches. There are ten
beaches around the LSL, six
which are public and free for
use. Three (3) of those are
Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park
such as Devonshire Beach, Marten
River Campground and Northern
Shore Day Use Area and one in
Canyon Creek in the MD of LSR.
14
Source: Waterkeeper’ Swim Guide website
in Spruce Point Park near Kinuso, in Shadow Creek Resort
Shaw’s Point Resort on the north shore (with two marinas
There is one more marina in the MD of LSR that is located on the
mouth of the Lesser Slave River just north of the Town of Slave Lake.) There are 680+ docking
in total around the LSL, 94% of which are located in BLC
to be added to Shadow Creek Resort in a near future. Private developmen
private piers to their members.
Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around
additional one on the LSR. In the surrounding area, there are additional four (4)
are available on Winagami, Fawcett, Hondo and Cross Lake. There are few private boat
. Boat rentals are offered only at six (6) locations in the LSL region. T
SR and other four (4) are on the LSL in BLC.
(10)
(6) of
and free for day
in the
Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park
, Marten
mpground and Northern
and one in
of LSR.
Source: Waterkeeper’ Swim Guide website
20 | P a g e
Shadow Creek Resort and
on the north shore (with two marinas). All of
of LSR that is located on the
There are 680+ docking
, 94% of which are located in BLC, plus additional 100
Private developments such as
Boat Launches are available in seven (7) locations around the LSL with
re are additional four (4) boat launches
There are few private boat
) locations in the LSL region. Two (2) are
Devonshire Beach14

21 | P a g e
Only two public beaches are located in BLC, one is on the north side of the LSL in Hilliard’s Bay
Provincial Park and the other is in Spruce Point Day Use and Campground near Kinuso.
Another four (4) that are located in BLC are private beaches such as RedSky, Hilliard’s Bay
Estates Inc., Shaw’s Point and Shadow Creek resort. Consequently, there is a significant lack
of the public beaches on the west side of the lake. There are more options on the east side of
the lake especially for public.
Hilliard’s Bay Estate Inc. Beach and Marina15
15
Source: http://www.hilliardsbay.com

22 | P a g e
Lesser Slave Lake
Sport Fishing. Fishing is offered on
surrounding lakes, rivers and a creeks in the
LSL region. That includes seven (7) rivers
which are Athabasca, Driftpile, East Prairie,
Lesser Slave, Marten, Swan and West Prairie
Rivers; nine (9) lakes that are Fawcett, Gift,
Lesser Slave, Lily, Mitsue, Snipe, Utikuma
and Utikumasis Lake; and Sawridge Creek.
All are within an easy distance of one
hundred kilometre radius of the LSL. The fishes that can be caught are Walleye, Jackfish,
Whitefish, Perch, Grayling and Brook Trout (Lily Lake only).
Guided fishing. Guided fishing is offered at six (6) locations in the LSL region. However, four (4)
are on the rivers in the MD of LSR and only two (2) are offered in BLC on the LSL.
Ice Hut. There are seven (7) ice hut services available in the LSL region. Five (5) of which are in
BLC, one (1) in the MD of LSR and one (1) in the Town of Slave Lake.
Golf. The LSL region promotes four (4) Golf courses. The High Prairie & District Golf Club is in
close proximately to the west of the lake and the Gilwood Golf & Country Club is on the east.
The Swans Hills Golf Course is located within 1.5 hour drive from the south side of the lake and
the Flatbush River Valley Golf Club is located just over an hour drive from the Town of Slave
Lake. This shows that the east side of the lake have three (3) easy accessible Golf course
options. However, west side offers only one close option or a much longer drive to the other
ones.

23 | P a g e
Events. The LSR is popular for different events that are happening mostly in summer, starting in
February with Frost Fest and ending with Golden Walleye Classic Fishing Derby in September.
However, due to out of date tourism brochure available at the Tourism Information centres in
High Prairie and Slave Lake, it is difficult for the visitors to find what is planned for 2015
unless it is through word of mouth or local advertisement. This limits the possibilities for new
visitors’ interest if only limited information about the location is available or none at all. In
2010 and 2011 the following events were offered: Rodeos (three (3)); Fishing Derby’s (four (4));
Markets and Art Walks (two (2)), Auto, Races & Ralley’s (five (5)); Music, Festival and Concerts
(five (5)); Tournaments and Triathlons (three (3)); Family Fun (two (2)). Seventy six (76) percent
of all events were scheduled for summer and only twelve (12) percent for early autumn and
eight (8) and four (4) for spring and winter respectively.
Museums. There are six (6) museums in the area, such as High Prairie & District Museum,
Kinosayo Museum, Moquito Lake Resort, Native Cultural Arts Museum, Pioneer Threshermen’s
Assoc., Northshore Homestead.
Other Entertainment and Attractions. There is a year-round EC Bar Ranch Adventures that
offers trail rides in High Prairie. During the winter Lakeshore Motorsports Association offers
Alberta Endurance Ice Racing and Snowmobile Drag Racing from Slave Lake. The LSL region
is home to Cross Lake Provincial Park, Lawrence Lake Provincial Park, Lesser Slave Lake
Provincial Park, Hilliard’s Bay Provincial Park, Lesser Slave Lake Wildland Park, Winagami
Lake Provincial Park, Winagami Lake Wildland Park and Grizzly Ridge Wildland Park. The LSL
region offers kayaking, bird watching, hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, cultural retreats
like historical churches, museums and art walks, and winter sports like cross-country skiing, ice
fishing, showmobiling, showshoeing.

24 | P a g e
Restaurants. Only ten (10) restaurants are available in the area, five (5) of which are located in
Slave Lake. High Prairie only offers one (1). Three (3) are located in BLC and one (1) in the MD
of LSR. This provides very limited options and not enough places to accommodate all
visitors to the region, especially during the summer peak season.
Grocery Stores. Seven (7) grocery stores are in the area, three (3) are in Slave Lake, one (1) is
in High Prairie, two (2) are in BLC and one (1) is in the MD of LSR that are promoted to the
visitors and travellers.
The above analysis highlights the following points:
• need for a development of the public beach(es) on the west side of the lake
• more options with regards to Cabins, Hotels, B&Bs with the possibility to develop to
target visitors and travellers that prefer more “luxury” accommodation and facilities
rather than camping
• guided water sport activities on the lake and more options for rental and diversity of
water recreation
• possibility of Golf course development on the north or west side away from the lake
within an hour or so travel distance
• better marketing, printed and online materials for the local events, museums and
cultural retreats
• attracting seasonal or permanent businesses to provide good quality catering options,
especially during the peak summer season

25 | P a g e
Tourism Analysis of Other Rural Areas
In this part three examples of other rural destinations with similar economic development
patents are briefly discussed. Based on these rural communities similarities and trends are
identified with the LSL region.
Sylvan Lake, Alberta
The Sylvan Lake located 25 minute drive west of Red Deer and less than two (2) hour drive
south of Edmonton, Alberta. The lake considered to be a popular destination for Tourism and
Recreation activates by Albertans (93% of all visitors). Town of Sylvan Lake is considered to be
a dynamic lakeside community that experience twenty one (21) percent population growth
between 2006 and 201316
. In 2014, the town undertook a survey to assess Economic Impact of
Sylvan Lake Tourism17
. The finding showed that “the total economic impact (direct, indirect,
and induced) of Sylvan Lake tourism in the year 2014 was about $75 million.” Considering
that the Sylvan Lake is twenty seven (27) times smaller than the LSL, the opportunities and
positive impact that Tourism and Recreation can bring to the LSL region economics are
“twenty seven” (27) times higher than recorded in Sylvan Lake.
Figure 10. Summary of Economic Impact Assessment of Sylvan Lake Tourism
The Town of Sylvan Lake developed a Tourism Strategy for five (5) years (2013 - 2018) that
were prepared by Citizen and Business Leaders of Sylvan working with the Sylvan Lake
16
Source: http://albertacommunityprofiles.com/Profile/Sylvan_Lake/255
17
Source: http://www.sylvanlake.ca/uploads/Sylvan_Lake_Tourism_EIA_-_Final_Report.pdf

iii | P a g e
ECONOMIC GROWTH............................................................................................................................57
Economic Variables .......................................................................................................................57
Diversification of Local Economy....................................................................................................58
COLLABORATION..................................................................................................................................59
LIMITATIONS........................................................................................................................................62
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................................................63
PRIORITY 1. COLLABORATION................................................................................................................63
PRIORITY 2. REGIONAL LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................................................................64
PRIORITY 3. SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURS, BUSINESSES AND INVESTORS ...............................................66
PRIORITY 4. MARKETING.......................................................................................................................66
PRIORITY 5. DIVERSIFICATION OF LOCAL ECONOMY.................................................................................67
PRIORITY 6. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM STRATEGIES FOR THE LSL REGION....................................................69
THREE STAGES OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE LSL REGION: ........................................................71
APPENDIX 1. ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES........................................................................74
ALBERTA LAND STEWARDSHIP CENTRE (ALSC)......................................................................................74
ALBERTA LAKE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY (ALMS) .....................................................................................75
ASSOCIATION OF SUMMER VILLAGES OF ALBERTA (ASVA).......................................................................76
COMMUNITY FUTURES LESSER SLAVE LAKE (CFLSL) .............................................................................78
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA, GOVERNMENT OF CANADA (DFO)...............................78
DUCKS UNLIMITED (DUC).....................................................................................................................79
LESSER SLAVE FOREST EDUCATION SOCIETY (LSFES)...........................................................................79
LESSER SLAVE LAKE ECONOMIC ALLIANCE (LSLEA)...............................................................................80
LESSER SLAVE LAKE INDIAN REGIONAL COUNCIL (LSLIRC) – FIRST NATIONS ...........................................81
LESSER SLAVE LAKE REGIONAL TOURISM (LSLRT) ................................................................................81
LESSER SLAVE WATERSHED COUNCIL (LSWC)......................................................................................82
MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM, ALBERTA .....................................................................................83
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, ALBERTA (ESRD)....................83
MUNICIPALITIES (THE TOWN OF HIGH PRAIRIE, BLC, THE TOWN OF SLAVE LAKE, THE MD OF LSR) ............84
NATURE ALBERTA................................................................................................................................85
PRIVATE LAND DEVELOPERS (SUB-DIVISIONS) ........................................................................................85
SMOKY APPLIED RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION ASSOCIATION (SARDA)..............................................86
REGIONAL FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE, WHITECOURT (RFAC) ...........................................................87
APPENDIX 2. INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE......................................................................................90
APPENDIX 3. PRIMARY RESEARCH FINDINGS.................................................................................93
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................................................93

27 | P a g e
Prince Edward County, Ontario
Prince Edward County (PEC) in Ontario is a great example of the rural community that by
using tourism based strategies, regional amenities and quality of place characteristics
attracted tourists and also residents to their region. It is located in eastern Ontario, directly
south of Ottawa, halfway between Montreal and Toronto, on the shores of Lake Ontario. Its
population between 1996 and 2006 was for the most part unchanged (only 1,8 % population
growth was recorded). More than 440,000 individuals visited PEC in 2004 and spent an
estimated total of $65.4 million, making tourism a critical component of the PEC economy.
One of the ways to improve rural economic development in the rural community is
attracting new residents and their families to relocate to the region. Strategies focused on
attracting the Creative Class (discussed also on p. 11 & 46) can further leverage regional
amenities plus creative class workers have higher average earning than working, service class
and agricultural workers that will advance median total income for the region. The PEC
economic development office likes to distinguish itself as an example of a successful rural
creative economy (the workforce in creative occupations raised by 6.4% between 1996 and
2006 in the region).
However, one of the challenges that rural community may face is the extent to which it can
hold on to the very aspect of quality of life that made the region so attractive in the first
place. On the other hand, there are the growing problems and a new politics of growth
between new idea and old traditions that creates barriers for the future development. So a
broader strategy designed to influence the quality of place and quality of life amenities may
lead to a more sustainable economic outcome.

28 | P a g e
Lakeland, Finland
Lakeland is considered to be the heart of the Finnish identity and the largest Lake District in
Europe which compose of 1000 lakes. Finland Tourism Strategy to 202019
emphasises on four
good reasons to promote tourism industry development which are:
1) Tourism is an industry with remarkable multiplicative effects on the national economy
2) Tourism is an industry with an intense employment effect
3) Tourism brings prosperity and wellbeing to regions
4) Tourism has growth potential
In 2007, tourism sectors employed a
total of 130,500 people, generating
approximately 4 billion euro in tax
revenues per year, and accounting
for 3.8 per cent of GDP. By
implementing the measures
proposed in the strategy, these
sectors could employ 171,000
people by 2020, generating 7.5
billion euro in tax revenue and
accounting for 5.1 per cent of GDP.
Their model of Sustainable
Wellbeing Destination (Figure 12)
is well represented and applicable
for the LSL region sustainable
tourism (destination) development.
Figure 12. A Model of Sustainable Wellbeing Destination
19
Source: https://www.tem.fi/files/28018/Finlands_Tourism_Strategy_to_2020.pdf

29 | P a g e
Above destinations offer three different perspectives, one being in the same province, other
in the same country and the third is an international destination. Nevertheless, all three
examples present valuable evidences of the importance of the future tourism strategies
around the LSL region. Sylvan Lake key opportunities are adaptable and applicable to the LSL
region. Contemporary strategy that is used to create and improve economic stability of the PEC
in Ontario is the strategy that can be used by local municipalities to improve the quality of live in
the LSL region. And broad vision of the Sustainable Wellbeing Destination Model that is used by
Finland Tourism Strategy is directly transferable not only to the LSL regional tourism strategy
but Alberta as well as Canada Tourism Strategy for years to come.

30 | P a g e
III. LAKE MANAGEMENT
One of the biggest assets for the region is the Lesser Slave Lake (LSL) which not only
provides water supply but also offers a recreational retreat for many locals and visitors. The
concerns of the lake sustainability and desire to protect it for the future generation raised a need
for a long-term lake management plan. However, it is important to note that “... the effective
management of any lake requires the integration of management over the entire catchment of
the lake, as well as the lake itself.20
” In the light of the above, integrated lacustrine management
system (ILMS) for the LSL was constructed below. The analysis of different rules and
regulations, and also organizations and communities that have direct or indirect involvement to
the LSL were undertaken as well as review of industries nearby.
Integrated Lacustrine Management System (ILMS)
In order to see the complexity and collaboration required for the complex management of the
LSL and its surrounding area, Integrated Lacustrine Management System (ILMS) was
constructed based on Hall and Harkonen model below21
. It includes river systems, towns and
hamlets, Agricultural and Industrial land use, National parks, First Nations Reserves,
Destination Boundaries (Tourism and Recreation) and Lake Watershed Boundaries. “It is the
complexity of lacustrine systems that is demanding the development of integrated
approaches to the management of lake systems.22
”
20
Hall, C.M. & Härkönen, T. (eds) 2006, Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism Systems, Channelview
Press, Clevedon, p.11, available online
21
Press, Clevedon, p.13-4
22
Press, Clevedon, p.12

31 | P a g e
Destination Boundary
Agricultural Land Use
Industrial Land Use
Lake Watershed Boundary
N
Figure 13: Lesser Slave Lake Integrated Lacustrine Management System23
23
Note. This is not a map. The scale and distance are approximate. It was designed for a representation purpose only.
National Park
First Nation Reserve
Lakeshore Camping Sites
1 River System
2 Headwaters of the River System
3 The Town of High Prairie
4 The Town of Slave Lake
H Hamlet
More than 45 km
Morethan80km
Upto90km

32 | P a g e
“Another key issue in the management of lacustrine systems is that administrative and
institutional boundaries do not neatly coincide with that of the lake watershed. This creates
substantial difficulties in getting agreement between different governmental agencies and
organisations with different mandates and jurisdictions.24
” Figure 13 above shows how far the
lake watershed boundaries stretch from the lake shore. It highlights the importance of the
collaborative approach to the complex LSL management that involves participation and co-
operations of all lake users.
Integrated lake management can have three interpretations:
1. The systematic management of the various dimensions of the lake water – ground
water, surface water, quantity and quality
2. The management of the lake and its interactions with other systems – land and the
environment.
3. The management of the lake and its interactions with the social and economic
environment – a sustainability approach.25
”
Rules and Regulations around the Lesser Slave Lake
In order to have even better visual representation of the complex management of the LSL and
its surrounding area, the below Figure 14 illustrates Land Classes (Municipal, Privately Owned,
Provincial and First Nations Lands) and Disposition Groups (Leases, Reservations, Glazing
Reserves and Permits) in the close proximity to the lake’s bank provided by ESRD.
24
Press, Clevedon p. 12
25
Press, Clevedon p. 35-6

33 | P a g e
Figure 14. Land Use Dispositions around Lesser Slave Lake26
26
Note. The figure was provided by Alberta Environment and Parks (2015) using summarized disposition data.

Furthermore, there are many rules and regulations
Water Act, Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, Municipal Government Act,
Fisheries Act, Navigable Protection Act
can be considered common legislation related to the lake and its surrounding area.
Diagrammatic representation of a water feature and the common legislation related to the
surrounding area of the lake t
1996 Annual Workshop Proceedings, Sylvan Lake and revised in February 2002
considered accurate to this date.
p.35 below depicts different legislation that is establish
and municipal acts. All of them closely correlate together and intertwine
Public Land Act that is governed by provincial
legislation primarily “deals with two important
factors: (1) ownership of the beds and shores
of permanent water bodies, and (2) prohibits
certain activities that may cause injury to
Crown lands”28
. “The Shore” is a part of the
lake bed that is exposed when the level of the
water is below normal so the line where the
privately owned land ends and the shore of
the lake starts is called the legal bank
the bank towards the water is considered public land.
27
THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available
28
THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework,
sser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study
many rules and regulations around the LSL such as
t, Navigable Protection Act (formally Navigable Waters Protection Act) etc. that
surrounding area of the lake that were prepared by ESRD for Alberta Lake Management Society
considered accurate to this date. Figure 15. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta
rent legislation that is established and enforced by the fed
All of them closely correlate together and intertwine
Public Land Act that is governed by provincial
legislation primarily “deals with two important
factors: (1) ownership of the beds and shores
odies, and (2) prohibits
certain activities that may cause injury to
“The Shore” is a part of the
lake bed that is exposed when the level of the
water is below normal so the line where the
privately owned land ends and the shore of
the legal bank. From
the bank towards the water is considered public land.
THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD
THE LAW AND THE LAKE: Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, p. 4, available on request from ERSD
34 | P a g e
around the LSL such as Public Land Act,
(formally Navigable Waters Protection Act) etc. that
hat were prepared by ESRD for Alberta Lake Management Society
still can be
. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta on
ed and enforced by the federal, provincial
All of them closely correlate together and intertwine.
on request from ERSD
available on request from ERSD

35 | P a g e
Figure 15. Legislation Affecting Water Bodies in Alberta29
29
Note. Not all applicable legislation is depicted in the table, only the most commonly encountered

Consequently, most of the private lands do not
extend to the water edge, but to the legal bank only,
this is shown on land title used with survey plan for the
property. In case the exposed lake bed became
permanent (this process known as Accretion
land owners can apply and entitled for any extension of
the land arising through accretion
through the gradual and imperceptible recession of
water or deposition of material
the amendment of the title take place, “the natural,
gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual
encroachment of water upon land increases the extent
of the bed and shore owned by the Crown
After a significant international initiative in March 2003,
the International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)
principles32
detailed in World Lake Vision provid
managing lakes for their sustainable use, which are:
Principle 1: A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the
sustainable use of lakes.
Principle 2: A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and
management actions for sustainable lake use.
Principle 3: A long-term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake
degradation is essential.
Principle 4: Policy deve
based on sound science and the best available information.
Principle 5: The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution
of conflicts among competing users of lake
present and future generations and of nature.
30
31
32
Source: available online http://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp
most of the private lands do not
, but to the legal bank only,
this is shown on land title used with survey plan for the
property. In case the exposed lake bed became
this process known as Accretion), adjacent
land owners can apply and entitled for any extension of
sing through accretion (“only if occurred
through the gradual and imperceptible recession of
water or deposition of material30
”). Nevertheless, until
the amendment of the title take place, “the natural,
gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual
chment of water upon land increases the extent
of the bed and shore owned by the Crown31
”.
After a significant international initiative in March 2003,
the International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC) called to action t
ailed in World Lake Vision providing a road map for achieving the transition to
lakes for their sustainable use, which are:
A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the
A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and
actions for sustainable lake use.
term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake
Policy development and decision making for lake management should be
sound science and the best available information.
The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution
among competing users of lake resources, taking into account the needs of
and future generations and of nature.
Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD
http://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf
36 | P a g e
called to action the seven
a road map for achieving the transition to
A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the
A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and
term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake
lopment and decision making for lake management should be
The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution
resources, taking into account the needs of
Navigating Alberta’s Regulatory Framework, available on request from ERSD
content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf

37 | P a g e
Principle 6: Citizens and other stakeholders should be encouraged to participate
meaningfully in identifying and resolving critical lake problems.
Principle 7: Good governance, based on fairness, transparency and empowerment of
all stakeholders, is essential for sustainable lake use.
Organizations and Communities
In this section, brief review of different organizations, communities and municipalities, their
activities and leadership, in addition to other parties currently directly or indirectly involved in the
lake sustainability and its development is undertaken (refer to Appendix 1. Organizations and
Communities on p. 74 for more detailed breakdown of each organization discussed). This helps
to understand the complexity of support available for the region and local communities and also
helps to see the common similarities and differences between those organizations.
The following organizations and communities were reviewed:
Alberta Land Stewardship Centre (ALSC)
Alberta Lake Management Society (ALMS)
Association of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)
Municipalities (The Town of High Prairie, BLC, The Town of Slave Lake, The MD of LSR)
Community Futures Lesser Slave Lake (CFLSL)
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada (DFO)
Ducks Unlimited (DUC)
Lesser Slave Forest Education Society (LSFES)
Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance (LSLEA)
Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC) – First Nations
Lesser Slave Lake Regional Tourism (LSLRT)
Lesser Slave Watershed Council (LSWC)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Alberta
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Alberta (ESRD)
Nature Alberta
Private Land Developers (Sub-divisions)
Smoky Applied Research and Demonstration Association (SARDA)
Regional Forest Advisory Committee, Whitecourt (RFAC)

38 | P a g e
It was not possible to include all the organizations, communities and related parties around the
LSL so some were unintentionally missed and/or not included in the above list. However, based
on the above, the following scheme indicates very strong environmental oriented presence
in the region. Even though, they are more educational, informative and research orientated
organizations with limited resources to enforce rules and regulations, it is clear that many
people see the need for preserving the lake and its surrounding areas. Nevertheless, it also
highlights the need for better focus on economic concepts for the communities’ growth as
well as ability to promote and market those resources available in the region. The below
scheme shows the connection of the different organizations and government bodies to
Environment, Economic and Marketing. Percentage stands for the amount of the organisations,
governing bodies presence in the region mentioned previously.
Figure 16: Organizations and Governing Bodies
ALSC
ALMS
ASVA
DUC
LSFES
LSWC
Nature Alberta
SARDA
ESRD
DFO
RFAC
(Provide:
Education
Information
Research/
Studies)
CFLSL
LSLEA
LSLIRC
RFAC
Municipalities
Private Land
Developers
(Provide:
Diversification
Collaboration
Communication)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Municipalities
Private Land Developers
(LSLRT no longer operational)
Environment
Marketing
Economic

39 | P a g e
Industry, Agriculture and Railway
The LSL region is benefiting from the strong presence of Oil and Gas, Forestry and Agriculture
in the region. The oil discovery north of the LSL in the Seal Lake Oil Sands and opening of Seal
Lake Connector road, in addition to Highway 2, which connects BLC to the major urban cities of
Alberta, gives a competitive advantage to the region. The Railway running on the south side of
the LSL, as well as highway’s heavy equipment traffic provides industrial support both create a
certain risk for the lake as well as its surrounding area.
Undeniably those industries bring significant revenue to the region and support local
communities. However it is important to note that “upstream agricultural and industrial
practices can have an enormous impact on lake quality, often far greater than that of the
immediate lake users.”33
It may create a conflict between different lake users. It “is problematic
and demands careful multiple use planning and conflict resolution34
”.
When the consideration of any development around the lake is raised it is important to
recognise that if there is an interference with a railway or other heavy industry it might cause a
problem in the future. Promoting a campground or summer village next to the railway when
people have to cross the railway creates safety issues in addition to the noise and the vibration.
Communities need to recognise and not promote incompatible development next to the railway
or any other heavy industry related infrastructure.
Furthermore, a clear process for dealing with any possible hazard or related spills need to be
established to ensure that everything is in place if such a catastrophe are to take place.
33
Press, Clevedon, p. 12
34

40 | P a g e
IV. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
In this section, possible future opportunities for the LSL region will be reviewed and discussed,
such as lake capacity for further development and its surrounding area, contemporary strategy
that can be used to improve the local economic growth as well as analysis of the LSL current
recreation and tourism management. In addition, this study will look at the importance of
marketing and promoting the LSL as a rural destination for both visitors and newcomers.
Lake Capacity for Further Development and its Surrounding Area
To develop means “to expand or realize the potentialities of; bring gradually to a fuller, greater,
or better state”35
. So it is vital to have a sustainable development approach to any development
initiatives, especially, if the development might have a negative effect on eco-systems,
waterways and inhabitants in the surrounding area. In broad terms, the concept of sustainable
development is “an attempt to combine growing concerns about a range of environmental
issues with socio-economic issues.”36
The study will focus on several areas such as tourism and recreation, residential development
and private development opportunities, however, it is not possible to cover all in the given
timeframe.
35
University research for sustainable development: definition and characteristics explored, T Waas, A Verbruggen, T Wright -
Journal of cleaner production, Volume 18, Issue 7, May 2010, Pages 629–636
36
Sustainable development: mapping different approaches, Bill Hopwood*, Mary Mellor and Geoff O'Brien, Volume 13, Issue 1,
pages 38–52, February 2005

41 | P a g e
Tourism and Recreation
“Lake tourism is tourism that occurs not only on the lake itself, but also in the surrounding
area”37
and after analysis of the tourism facilities, attractions and capabilities in Section II
Historical Trends, Tourism Facilities, Attractions & their Capacities, Level of Occupancy on page
18, it is evident that recreation facilities are somewhat limited in the area and concentrate
on seasonal (summer), passive recreation activities. Even though there are private and public
marinas around the lake shore, there is still a need for more boat launches on the lake
especially on the east side. Currently, a marina study is on the way for the east side of the lake
and the Town of Slave Lake and should be completed in the near future (refer to the Town of
Slave Lake for more details). However, a broader approach is needed to evaluate existing
harbours and marinas, as well as future possibilities for new marinas development around the
LSL in order to see the overall picture instead of concentrating on a specific area.
Another concern is the lack of public access to the lake especially with regards to public
beaches on the southshore. In this section few propositions will be made for the possible
location of the public beaches that are required not only for the visitors to the area but by the
local communities’ recreation and family retreat.
Additional beach(es) can be developed on the north side of the lake on the territory of Hilliard’s
Bay Provincial Park, with the agreement and assistance of ESRD. In the picture below38
, three
options for beach development are shown around Shaw’s Point private resort and private
residential area of Hilliard’s Bay Estate, as part of the existing road can be used to access the
beach(es). The area can be cleaned up to accommodate parking, picnic tables and a small
recreational area. This area can be designed for day-use only to support local RV parks in the
surrounding areas and provide access for local communities to use it as well.
37
Press, Clevedon, p. 4-5
38
Source: Big Lakes County, Maps

42 | P a g e
Another concern is drinking water availability for the north shore of the lake. Currently, water is
brought into the area by trucks from Grouard. However, if both private owners consider joining
municipal regional water strategy39
by investing into the pipeline going from Grouard to their
properties, water pipe can be extended to include these proposed areas too. Nevertheless,
even with minimum required amenities (portable drinking water and natural sanitation systems),
these proposed beaches’ location can be used by locals and visitors as passive recreational
experience.
Another, more long term beach location or passive recreational camping facility might be
considered in the Lesser Slave Lake Wildland Park on the north shore of the lake. Currently
there is only a connector road that starts from Hilliard’s Bay road and continue along the north
lake shore that may be used for partial access to the park.
39
Refer to Big Lakes County administration for more details on municipal regional water strategy

iv | P a g e
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT......................................................................................................................96
ECONOMIC GROWTH............................................................................................................................99
COLLABORATION................................................................................................................................ 101
Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance (LSLEA)............................................................................ 101
Lesser Slave Watershed Council (LSWC) .................................................................................... 102
Co-operative Effort....................................................................................................................... 102
Governing jurisdiction(s) .............................................................................................................. 103
OTHER COMMENTS............................................................................................................................ 104
APPENDIX 4. LIST OF INTERVIEW’S PARTICIPANTS ..................................................................... 107
APPENDIX 5. ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 110

44 | P a g e
This may change the way and add an addition reason for visitors to come to the LSL region and
the places they stay on their way. By, first, creating a new route that goes around the lake will
provide an opportunity for travelers to stay certain amount of time at “five destinations” around
the lake – North West, South West, South, South East and North East and at some point on the
North side too. It may increase the length of stay especially by Albertan visitors. In addition, if
marketed properly, this can attract new investors into the region as demand for more
recreational facilities may rise. Different tourism packages and programs can be designed to
promote the northern trail on the LSL to Albertans and other travellers. However, the need for a
collaborative approach by all communities around the lake is essential in order to achieve this.

45 | P a g e
Private and Residential Development
Some of the areas around the LSL (ex. south shore) are relatively developed compared to the
north-west part of the lake. The hamlet of Grouard has great potential for growth if the right
approach is taken. It has all the required amenities as well as beautiful views and close
proximity to the lake, the Provincial Park and the Town of High Prairie. BLC owns some land
that can be offered to a potential private or residential development. It can be used for
subdivisions, condos and housings or any other business that might bring prosperity to the local
communities. On the other hand, after the new hospital in High Prairie is completed, one of the
future opportunities may be development of senior housing and facilities or medical retreats.
The picture below41
shows two possible locations for those kinds of developments.
41
Source: Big Lakes County, Maps

46 | P a g e
Contemporary Strategy
Rural communities, due to their remote location and small scale, usually struggle to attract new
opportunities into the area to support their economic growth. One of the ways to change that is
to use a contemporary approach42
to promote the area. This strategy consists of three
different steps.
First step is to capitalize on distinct local characteristics such as the lake, local cultural heritage
and natural amenities around the LSL region. This step is known as Place-Based Development
and usually involved in marketing of rural communities as tourist destination.
Second step is focusing on promoting entrepreneurship, mainly by supporting local
entrepreneurs and newly emergent businesses. This can foster continued and self-sustaining
economic activity for the region. This step is known as Economic Gardening and an important
component to growing a dynamic economy for rural communities.
Third step is focusing on attracting the Creative class into the region that were reviewed in
Section II. Historical Trends, Creative Class & Type of Industries in the Region on p. 11. This
step is known as Cultivating Creativity and Talent and can help rural communities by attracting
creative individuals into the area and cultivate from those artistic talents by illuminating the LSL
region for visitors and, possibly, new residents.
42
Rural and Community Development 5, 1/;2 (2010), p 238-254

47 | P a g e
To summarise, contemporary strategy steps for the LSL region are:
• Place-Based Development which focuses on distinct location characteristics such as
cultural heritage, natural resources and the lake by marketing the destination(s) (ex.
images of peaceful country-side, wilderness experience)
• Economic Gardening which promotes entrepreneurship and new ventures that help
foster continuous and self-sustaining economic activity
• Cultivating Creativity and Talent that concentrates on the presence of arts and culture
that the rural community can benefit from (ex. providing cultural retreats, training in
crafts, designs, drawing etc.)
Analysis of the Lesser Slave Lake Management for Recreation and Tourism
In order to promote and develop the LSL tourism as a destination, good understanding of what
lake tourism includes is important. “Lacustrine tourism systems therefore include the lake, the
foreshore and those amenities, facilities and infrastructure in the surrounding region that support
the role of the lake as a tourist attraction.43
” Furthermore, it is crucial to remember that “the
local communities are a key consideration of the cultural appraisal of lakes as recreation and
tourism resources. They are not only part of the attraction of many lake destinations, but they
also are able to benefit from the commercial opportunities offered by tourism.” “Citizens should
be consulted on the role of lakes. As society has increasingly recognised the value of lakes, so
too has the level of interest in local communities becoming involved in the management and
protection of lakes.44
”
43
Press, Clevedon.p. 4-5
44

48 | P a g e
It is important to remember that tourism and recreation are secondary activities on the lake
and its reservoirs where the primary use is water supply, flood mitigation or power supply. “They
are therefore subject to both stringent management controls and activity restrictions to ensure
that tourism and recreation is compatible with the primary use of the water body.45
”
Therefore management of the LSL for Recreation and Tourism is so complex that after review in
Section III. Lake Management (p. 30) of this study and considering all parties, industries,
organizations and communities that are involved in sustainable lake development the following
management practises are necessary to manage and support sustainable lake development
for future recreation and tourism46
:
• phasing tourism use in time (clear understanding of when and to what extend the lake
is used by visitors and local communities)
• zoning lake use in space (designating specific areas for the recreation and tourism
activities and leaving other areas to their natural state)
• stakeholder conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial
government, First Nations, municipalities and communities)
• lake user conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial
government, First Nations, municipalities, communities and visitors)
• codes of conduct for lake users
• community based planning and management
• and planning regulations (include setback regulations that determine the distance from
the lakeshore to recreation/tourism development)
“However, it must be emphasised that the environmental stress caused by tourism is only one
source of impact on lake quality, with upstream changes in land-use, increased urbanisation,
poor sewage infra-structure and other sources of pollution and over-use of lake resources, all
affecting lake quality.47
”
45
Press, Clevedon, p. 32-3
46
47

49 | P a g e
The above management approach is a good representation of the collaborative approach that
is required for the LSL region. This approach helps to cover important areas that need to be
addressed and thought of in order to have a strong lake management for the recreation and
tourism in the future. It is difficult to bring all parties to agree and commit to the same practises;
however, it is the only way forward in order to grow and develop as well as to protect
communities’ resources.
On the other hand, it is important to remember that “to be considered a true tourism destination,
a lake attraction needs to be complemented by support services for tourism (such as
accommodation, retailing, and food and beverage), access and, ideally, a strong organisation at
the destination level.48
” Following the contemporary strategy discussed previously and support
that is required for entrepreneurs in the area, it is crucial to create an environment which
promotes and supports small business by helping and guiding them in their endeavours.
The key considerations for lake management in this integrated management approach are:
(1) aesthetics; (2) collective security (where lakes form political boundaries); (3) cultural
opportunity (community festivals); (4) economic opportunity; (5) educational opportunity; (6)
emotional security and spiritual dimensions (identification, natural values and memory); (7)
environmental security; (8) individual freedom (property rights); (9) individual security (second
home owners); and (10) recreational opportunity49
.
48
49

50 | P a g e
Marketing
This study already touched on the difficulties
that the rural community faces “in promoting
economic growth which stem from two
prominent features: their remoteness and
small scale.”50
However, one of the ways to
promote rural communities and their
destinations is Marketing. Currently, the LSL
local businesses and private owners heavily
relay on adverting via Facebook and local
newspapers. These work for a specifically targeted audience (mainly local communities around
the LSL region), however, it does not reach wider audience and the information is very difficult
to find for someone outside the LSL community which create a barrier for promoting local
events and destinations.
After the report was completed by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation in 2012 on potential
demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta51
the following
obstacles were highlighted:
• Lack of the “buzz” about rural destinations that are advertised mostly by word of
mouth and mainly lost compared to big cities, mountain parks and international
destinations
• A better roadside signage for activities, attractions and visitor information centres
• A better image of “Rural Alberta”
50
51
Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, Potential demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta.
Exploratory qualitative research, 2012
Joussard Marina

51 | P a g e
The above show the need to provide better recognition of the area. As an example one
participant in the above study suggested “built on childhood memories of the province’s 75th
anniversary promotion, “Stamp around Alberta” which provides a reward for visiting different
tourism destination regions. The idea brought the old concept into the 21st century by having a
“treasure hunt” using geocaching (Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity, in which
participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or mobile device and other
navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called "geocaches" or "caches", anywhere
in the world52
). Tokens could be offered as a tangible reward, and a map provided for tracking
the locations visited”53
. Another example could be interpretive programs like signage that tells
stories about trees, water, shrubs, birds, flowers etc. that are placed on different trails around
the area.
On the other hand, a good website that integrates all information about the places to stay,
things to do, maps and so on is mandatory for the whole of the LSL region. Municipalities and
communities can use government programs to support funding for different tourism marketing
tools like the Cooperative Marketing Program with Travel Alberta.
Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering a
number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by establishing
easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that increase the flow of
tourists into the region. It provides another way for local communities to stimulate
entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already touched on the proposed
development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45 by the Trans Canada Trail that
can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage trails around the LSL region.
52
Source: Wikipedia website
53
Exploratory qualitative research, 2012, p. v

52 | P a g e
V. ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDATY DATA
After the primary data collection and analysis were completed that focused on four different
areas such as Future Development, Environmental Impact, Economic Growth, and
Collaboration (refer to Appendix 2. Interview Questionnaire on p. 89 and Appendix 3. Primary
Research Findings on page 92 for detailed analysis of the primary data), the results were
categorised for convenience and cross-referenced with the secondary source analysis
presented earlier in this paper (p. 3, 30 & 40). Moreover, the final findings were summarised and
presented in schemes and graphs below for the convenience and easy interpretation.
Future Development
The future development for the LSL region is broken down into two sections, such as
Development Strategies for municipalities and their Development Focus.
Development Strategies
The scheme summarised below provides four (4) key components that need to be present in
future municipal planning (preferably by all municipalities in the LSL region) which are
Planned, Focused, Sustainable and Diversified. It demonstrates what each component
represents and will help to create a Lesser Slave Lake Management Plan by structuring it
based on this approach. Even though, each group, municipality, town, reserve etc. need to have
their own strategic plan for their region, the below graph is designed for a collaborative
approach. It will benefit to create an Inter Municipal Planning Commission (IMPC) that
focuses on the whole LSL region. IMPC should include all municipalities that are considered to
be part of the LSL region and/or in its close proximity. It is important to have First Nation
representatives if they are willing to participate as well as representatives from surrounding
Metis Settlements. Non-for-profit organizations representatives may provide necessary
knowledge and support for the elected officials of the IMPC to create necessary laws and
regulations and should be part of the group. Each municipality is to enforce those laws in their
own jurisdiction or by the federal or provincial government where applicable.

53 | P a g e
• Long-term
• Wider, broader
view
• Realistic
• Local communities’
decision
• Collaboration
• Communication
• Clarity
• Standardise
guidelines
• Protection of the
resources
• Site specific
• Dependant on
many variables
• Monitoring
• Enforcement
• Balanced
approach
• Limited
environmental
impact
• Initiative - need
for champion
• Restrictions
• Awareness
• Quality of life
• Growth
• Stability
Figure 17: Lake Management Plan
Development
Planned Focused Sustainable Diversified
LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN

54 | P a g e
Development focus
After the primary and secondary data analysis, the following Figure 18 (below) was constructed
for the convenience of representation to illustrate the development focus that was identified for
the near future around the LSL region.
It consists of the following section:
• Public Access
• Recreational Activities
• Recreational Infrastructure
• Rentals and Repairs
• Utilities
• Residential & Commercial Development
This development focus is mainly based around improvement of infrastructure in the region.
However, it is important to note that for diversification of local economy for the LSL region the
focus should also be on Railway (railway road development), Agriculture and Forestry.

Utilities
Residential &
Commercial
Development
• Public beach(es)
• Access to
waterfront,
• Parking
• Marinas
•Regional water expansion
•Sanitary sewer system
treatment
•Drinking water
•Expansion of rural water
service
•Waste disposal
•Electricity
•Improvement of the
communication network,
•Cell phones and Internet
•Housing
•Roads
•Sidewalks
Development
Focus
Public Access
Recreational
Activities
Recreational
Infrastructure
Rentals &
Repairs
Residential &
Commercial
Development
Public beach(es)
waterfront,
• Hiking trails (ex. Northern
trail)
• Mountain bike trails
• Cross country skiing
• Snow-shoeing
• Wilderness experience
• Recreational boating
• Riverboat etc.
•Campgrounds
•RV parks
•Cabin
•Hotels
•B&B
•Restaurants
•Fresh caught fish
•Stores,
•Golf course(s)
•Interpretive programs
(signage)
55 | P a g e
Figure 18: Development Focus
trails (ex. Northern
Mountain bike trails
Cross country skiing
shoeing
Wilderness experience
Recreational boating
Riverboat etc.
Campgrounds
Fresh caught fish
Golf course(s)
Interpretive programs

Environmental Approach
It is important to note that the
Management Plan discussed on p.
Development portion shown
scheme below summarises four (4) dif
healthy, long lasting environment for lake inhabitants and its users.
Analyse, Monitor and Protect
CREATE
Regional collaboration
Development strategies
Clear guidelines & define processes
Operations adjustments (agricultural &
industrial waste, logging practice)
Regulations
Restrictions
Inspections
MONITOR
Lake water level
Sedimentation
Illegal development
It is important to note that the Environmental Approach is closely correlated
discussed on p. 52. The environment is a significant part of the Sustainable
Development portion shown in the Figure 17: Lake Management Plan
four (4) different areas that are building blocks for maintaining a
healthy, long lasting environment for lake inhabitants and its users. These areas are
Protect. The key components of each area are summarised and listed
Figure 19: Environmental Approach
Development strategies
Clear guidelines & define processes
Operations adjustments (agricultural &
industrial waste, logging practice)
ANALYSE
Cumulative impact
Lake assessments and studies
Raising awareness
Educating lake users
PROTECT
Watershed integrity
Biodiversity of ecosystems
Reduction of development pressure
(ex. south shore)
Increase of environmental standards
Enforcement of rules and regulations
Environmental Approach to
56 | P a g e
closely correlated to the Lake
part of the Sustainable
on p. 53 above. The
that are building blocks for maintaining a
These areas are Create,
. The key components of each area are summarised and listed.
: Environmental Approach
Lake assessments and studies
Educating lake users
Watershed integrity
Biodiversity of ecosystems
Reduction of development pressure
Increase of environmental standards
Enforcement of rules and regulations

57 | P a g e
Economic Growth
Economic Growth of the LSL region is reliant on the ability of the provincial and local
governments to create a Diversification of Local Economy in addition to the clear
understanding of the barriers that are created by Economic Variables for the region.
Economic Variables
Economic Growth of the LSL region is dependent
on many variables. Some of them that may
cause certain difficulties and restrains for the
regional development and growth in the near
future are: (1) Lack of Diversity of the local
economy; (2) Development Delays due to
downturn of oil prices or any other hold backs; (3)
Lack of Co-ordinating Effort by the federal,
provincial and municipal governments; (4) Rapid
Increase in Cost and Prolonged Development
Process; (5) Cost of new or upgraded
Infrastructure for local municipalities; (6)
Seasonal Population Growth; (7) Creation of a
favorable Atmosphere for Entrepreneurs,
existing and new business in the region; (8) LSL
Water Level and Flow that effects downstream
industries
ECONOMIC VARIABLES
• Lack of Diversity
(ex. downturn of oil prices)
• Development Delays
• Lack of Co-ordinating Effort
• Rapid Increase in Cost &
Prolonged Development Process
• Cost of New / Upgraded
Infrastructure
• Seasonal Population Growth
(ex. shadow population, summer
visitors)
• Creation of an Atmosphere for
Entrepreneurs
• Water Level & Flow (downstream
industries)

58 | P a g e
Diversification of Local Economy
The LSL region is heavily sustained by mainly Oil and Gas, followed by Forestry and somewhat
Agriculture. In case of the downturn of the “main” industry of the region, the municipalities as
well as provincial government need to provide an alternative means to support local economy. It
is not something that can be achieve in a short period of time or created without any solid
grounds. Nevertheless, the region is rich on natural beauties, lakes, provincial parks and
culture. All these can be used to diversify the local economy.
It is not easy to achieve a diversification of the economy, especially when the focus was on the
heavy industry for so long. However, there are ways to correlate different industries in order to
provide support for down-turns of one and/or to bring extra revenue to the other. Considering
that Oil and Gas, Agriculture and Forestry are the main drivers of the LSL economy, the region
may centre on the following diversifications:
• Agritourism. This is one of the focuses of the GoA, Ministry of Culture and Tourism
right now. The consulting firm, Clear Think Group54
is currently conducting a study to
identify the best practise around the world in order to propose strategies and create a
relevant training for the Alberta Agritourism initiatives. This may help farmers to attract
visitors to their farms and provide an additional source of revenue especially during the
difficult times.
• Tourism. The other way to diversify the LSL local economy is to invest in further
development of tourism and different activities around the LSL. Those activates may be
passive ones that does not disturb or create discomfort for the local communities
around the lake. Recommendations are to avoid motor boats, quads trails that are
close to the Hamlets, town or First Nation Reserves. Examples for the motor sport can
be introduce on the north side rather than on the south. Motor boat launches can be
developed on the north-east or north side. Populated areas can benefit from the
canoeing, windsurfing or standup paddleboarding etc. In addition, this will help to
improve and reduce pressure of tourists and visitors’ concentration in one area. It will
provide a wide range of activates to the locals and visitors.
54
For more details please contact Keleigh Cormier (http://clearthinkinc.com/) or Ministry of Culture and Tourism

59 | P a g e
• Recreational facilities. Further improvement and adding a variety of different
recreational facilities for the local communities will improve the quality of life for locals
and will provide a good ground for attracting new businesses or residents to the area.
• Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering
a number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by
establishing easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that
increase the flow of tourists into the region. It provides another way for local
communities to stimulate entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already
touched on the proposed development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45
by the Trans Canada Trail that can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage
trails around the LSL region.
Collaboration
Throughout the research, the need for collaborative approach was mentioned frequently (p.
30, 47 & 52) and should be explored in more details. The primary data analysis identified a
significant lack of collaboration and co-operative effort between different government
jurisdictions, organizations and community representatives in the region. Nevertheless, the
majority believed that better structure and collaboration between authorities as well as a
clear understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities need to be defined. Even
though most agreed that it is a way forward, only minor steps were taken so far in order to
achieve it. One of the definitions of the collaboration states that “collaboration is a process
through which parties who see different aspects of a problem can constructively explore their
differences and search for solutions that go beyond their own limited vision of what is
possible. It is a process driven by multiple stakeholders that usually involves several
components55
:
1) agreeing on a common purpose;
2) ensuring the process is both inclusive and transparent;
3) allowing participants to design the process;
4) promoting joint fact finding and creative problem-solving;
5) insisting on accountability;
55

60 | P a g e
6) developing an action plan; and
7) developing collaborative leadership”
On the other hand collaboration can also be considered as a process that is increasingly used
“to address complex, diffuse and contentious natural resource management and tourism
problems as a result of the confluence of the following factors56
:
• Increased competition for natural resources, including the recognition of ecological uses,
has led to increased conflict in natural resource management, with collaborative
approaches being seen as an alternative to expensive legal approaches to resolving
conflict.
• As understanding of the complexity of natural and social systems increases, more
integrated responses to management must be developed that include a wider range of
government and non-government decision-makers and their associated capacities
for information and analysis.
• Many current environmental problems are a result of diffuse actions such as storm water
run-off, land-use change and habitat modification, which are not well addressed through
traditional regulatory actions. Therefore, a collaborative approach that generates broad-
scale participation is often better suited to fostering understanding and commitment
among a large number of decision-makers.
There are many different agencies and organisations with overlapping responsibilities around
the LSL region that were mentioned previously (p.37 & 74) with the overall “uneven focus” that
were point out on Figure 16: Organizations and Governing Bodies on p.38. It is argued that a
collaborative approach offers an opportunity to reduce funding waste and duplication, decrease
conflict and provide an ability to share data and expertise. “Nevertheless, it should be noted that
while collaborative approaches to resource management and tourism have substantial support,
there are also significant weaknesses in the approach that suggest that it should be seen as
complimentary with regulatory approaches rather than substitute57
”.
56
Michaels, S (2001) Making collaborative watershed management work: The confluence of state and regional activities.
Environmental Management 27 (1), 27-35; Margerum, R. D. & Whitall, D. (2004) The Challenges and implications of collaborative
management on a river basin scale. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 47 (3) p. 408
57

The figure below shows the Collaboration Pyramid
It highlights the need for a champion
blocks consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a
input based on their knowledge and expertise.
inclusive and may include more representatives if needs be. This Collaborative Pyramid closely
correlates with the proposed creation
Collaboration Pyramid that was designed based on this research.
a champion to head and lead this unifying approach
consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a
input based on their knowledge and expertise. The building blocks that are listed are not
proposed creation of IMPC that was recommended on
Figure 20: Collaboration Pyramid
“Buildingblocks"
61 | P a g e
that was designed based on this research.
unifying approach. Its building
consist of multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a valuable
The building blocks that are listed are not
on p.52.
Federal
Government
Provincial
Government
Municipalities
Towns
First Nations
Métis Settlements
Non-profit
organizations
Chambers of
commerce

62 | P a g e
Limitations
It is important to note that this study tried to include as many lake users and interested parties
as possible. However, due to the lack of time and, in some cased, lack of access to some of the
information and inability to meet face to face with First Nation representatives, the following
Study Limitations should be noted:
• Very limited First Nations data was included in this study, either in the primary or
secondary research data
• The study was designed to show an overall picture of the LSL Sustainable Development
for the region and does not stress every important aspect in details
• The study does not diminish expert advices that are given or might be given in the future
by ESRD, DFO or any other professional body. Each and every one of them needs to be
consulted prior any significant changes or improvements are to take place

63 | P a g e
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the primary and secondary research analyses the recommendations were identified
and presented in this section. They are based on the future Municipal Development
Strategies, an Environmental Approach to be taken, where the Development Focus needs
to be, and how it may be achieved through Collaboration. Furthermore, recommendations are
focused on the Diversification of the Local Economy as well as emphasize steps to be taken
in order to achieve it. In addition, different strategies proposed for the LSL Lake and Tourism
Management. This section summaries Six Strategic Priorities that were identified for the LSL
region development and propose the Stages to be taken in order to fulfill them.
Recommendations are:
Priority 1. Collaboration
Better structure and collaboration between different authorities as well as a clear
understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities need to be defined. Collaboration
approach can be achieved via: Inter-Municipal Planning Commission (IMPC)
IMPC that has a Collaboration Pyramid (p. 61) structure - a Champion, One Group, Unifying
Approach and Building Blocks (refer to Collaboration on p.59). Its building blocks consists of
multiple jurisdictions, municipalities and organisations that provide a valuable input based on
their knowledge and expertise. Lack of organizations that provide economic and marketing
support for the rural communities of the LSL region (discussed on p. 37) stresses the need to
balance the regional focus. IMPC will be able to achieve that when representatives of different
communities participate in the region development.

64 | P a g e
Priority 2. Regional Lake Management Plan
Regional Lake Management Plan needs have the following components:
1) Development Strategies
Its four (4) key components are Planned, Focused, Sustainable and Diversified (p. 52).
2) Development focus
Focus on improving Public Access; adding Recreational Activities; advancing Recreational
Infrastructure; creating Rentals and Repairs; upgrading Utilities; encouraging Residential &
Commercial Development (p. 18, 41, 54 & 55).
3) Environmental Approach
Its four (4) different areas are Create, Analyse, Monitor and Protect (p.56).
The strategies to be used for Regional Lake Management Plan Development stress importance
of the collaborative approach (discussed on p. 30 & 63) and have three interpretations:
1. The systematic management of the various dimensions of the lake water – ground
water, surface water, quantity and quality
2. The management of the lake and its interactions with other systems – land and the
environment.
3. The management of the lake and its interactions with the social and economic
environment – a sustainability approach.58
”
Most of the private lands do not extend to the water edge, but to the legal bank only, this is
shown on land title used with survey plan for the property (p. 32) and until the amendment of the
title take place, “the natural, gradual erosion of land or the natural, gradual encroachment of
water upon land increases the extent of the bed and shore owned by the Crown59
”. The priority
is to review private land titles and clearly state the property boundaries. The possibility that
the water level changed over the years and created an extra shore that belongs to the crown is
58
59

65 | P a g e
probable. Regulations can be proposed by Councillors to restrict that part of the extra shore
as a sensitive area and for the public use if the private owners rights are not violated (legal
advice is recommended). By doing that, private properties boundaries will be slightly further
from the lake water line and will create a better access to the lake shore for the public.
Seven principles60
(p. 30) detailed in World Lake Vision can be considered as a road map for
achieving the transition to managing lakes for their sustainable use, which are:
Principle 1: A harmonious relationship between humans and nature is essential for the
Principle 2: A lake drainage basin is the logical starting point for planning and
management actions for sustainable lake use.
Principle 3: A long-term, preventive approach directed to preventing the causes of lake
Principle 4: Policy development and decision making for lake management should be
based on sound science and the best available information.
Principle 5: The management of lakes for their sustainable use requires the resolution
of conflicts among competing users of lake resources, taking into account the needs of
present and future generations and of nature.
Principle 6: Citizens and other stakeholders should be encouraged to participate
meaningfully in identifying and resolving critical lake problems.
Principle 7: Good governance, based on fairness, transparency and empowerment of
all stakeholders, is essential for sustainable lake use.
60
Source: available online http://www.ilec.or.jp/en/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/wlv_s_english.pdf

66 | P a g e
Priority 3. Supporting Entrepreneurs, Businesses and Investors
One of the keys of the future strategic
development for BLC is to continue to
support and invest into the small and
medium entrepreneurial businesses in the area. Even though, those businesses will not
provide substantial revenue for the county compared to the big players, they create stability and
employment, and also give that extra edge and illuminate the rural communities. Moreover, the
municipality need to reach out not only to the local investors but try to promote the region on
provincial, federal and international level. It can be achieve through participation in different
conferences, meetings and networking events where municipal representatives provide a clear
and focus framework that represents the region.
Priority 4. Marketing
Marketing is the solution for any organization
whether it is private business or the community.
With clear objectives and strategic planning for the region, marketing can provide an extra
support to the local businesses and create a better representation of the rural area. There are
many different way to market the LSL region, some of them are:
• The GoA Marketing Support. GoA offers different support and grants to advertise rural
destinations via Travel Alberta website; summer, winter and avenue magazines;
tripadvisor; Facebook promotions; themed newspaper advertorials; community
newsletters and custom e-blasts. In addition, they make professional photos to be used
for this purpose. By doing that, the LSL region will start to appear in its best light
throughout the province, Canada and other countries. This, on the other hand, may
spark an interest not only for visitors to come but invertors into the region.
• The Northern Lakes College. The college can be used as a resource to support and
help municipalities to retain businesses by providing relevant training and courses as
well as attracting students that may stay and continue to work and live in the area.

67 | P a g e
However, in order to achieve that the municipalities need to work closely with the college
to create a strategic plan by clearly identifying their focus, aim and objectives.
• Conferences. It is imperative to have the LSL representatives attending and
representing the region at different conferences around the province and in some cases
internationally examples are Growing Rural Tourism, FCM's Annual Conference and
Trade Show, GROW conference etc.)
• Vibrant website to promote the LSL region as a tourism destination by including as
many businesses and local amenities as possible
After the report was completed by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation in 2012 on potential
demand for rural vacation experiences in Alberta by residents of Alberta61
the following
obstacles were highlighted:
• Lack of the “buzz” about rural destinations that are advertised mostly by word of
mouth and mainly lost compared to big cities, mountain parks and international
destinations
• A better roadside signage for activities, attractions and visitor information centres
• A better image of “Rural Alberta”
Priority 5. Diversification of Local Economy
It is not easy to achieve a diversification of
the economy, especially when the focus
was on the heavy industry for so long (p. 11). However, there are ways to correlate different
industries in order to provide support for down-turns of one and/or to bring extra revenue to the
other. The margin for improvement lays in trying to boost the income of more than 57%
(average) of people earning less than $40,000 a year in 2010 (p. 8). Considering that Oil and
Gas, Agriculture and Forestry are the main drivers of the LSL economy, the region may centre
on the following:
61
Exploratory qualitative research, 2012

68 | P a g e
• Agritourism. This is one of the focuses of the GoA, Ministry of Culture and Tourism
right now. The consulting firm, Clear Think Group62
is currently conducting a study to
identify the best practise around the world in order to propose strategies and create a
relevant training for the Alberta Agritourism initiatives. This may help farmers to attract
visitors to their farms and provide an additional source of revenue especially during the
difficult times
• Tourism. The other way to diversify the LSL local economy is to invest in further
development of tourism and different activities around the LSL. Those activates may be
passive ones that does not disturb or create discomfort for the local communities
around the lake. Four good reasons to promote tourism industry development are (1) it
is an industry with remarkable multiplicative effects on the economy; (2) and with an
intense employment effect; (3) it brings prosperity and wellbeing to regions and
(4) has growth potential. Recommendations are to avoid motor boats, quads trails that
are close to the Hamlets, town or First Nation Reserves. Examples for the motor sport
can be introduce on the north side rather than on the south. Motor boat launches can be
allowed on the north-east or north side. Populated areas can benefit from the canoeing,
windsurfing or standup paddleboarding etc. In addition, this will help to improve and
reduce pressure of tourists and visitors’ concentration in one area. It will provide a wide
range of activates to the locals and visitors that are located around the lake and not
mainly on the south side
• Recreational facilities. Further improvement and adding a variety of different
recreational facilities for the local communities will improve the quality of life for locals
and will provide a good ground for attracting new businesses or residents to the area
• Heritage Trails or Cultural Tourism Routes can be another great example of clustering
a number of amenities and attractions around the LSL region. They are formed by
establishing easily accessible information, standardized and user–friendly signage that
increase the flow of tourists into the region. It provides another way for local
communities to stimulate entrepreneurial activities on their path. This study already
touched on the proposed development of the trail on the north side of the lake on p. 45
62
For more details please contact Keleigh Cormier (http://clearthinkinc.com/) or Ministry of Culture and Tourism

69 | P a g e
by the Trans Canada Trail that can be a starting point for developing the LSL heritage
trails around the LSL region.
With only an average annual population growth of 0.038% for the region (p. 3), municipalities
need to consider using Contemporary Strategy mentioned in this study on p. 11, 27 & 46 that
will benefit to the region by providing an opportunity to attract new residents and entrepreneurs
to the region that consists of the following steps:
• Place-Based Development which focuses on distinct location characteristics such as
cultural heritage, natural resources and the lake by marketing the destination(s) (ex.
images of peaceful country-side, wilderness experience)
• Economic Gardening which promotes entrepreneurship and new ventures that help
foster continuous and self-sustaining economic activity
• Cultivating Creativity and Talent that concentrates on the presence of arts and culture
that the rural community can benefit from (ex. providing cultural retreats, training in
crafts, designs, drawing etc.)
Priority 6. Sustainable Tourism Strategies for the LSL region
One of the biggest assets for the
region is the Lesser Slave Lake (LSL)
which not only provides water supply but also offers a recreational retreat for many locals and
visitors. A study on the Potential Demand for rural vacation experience in Alberta by residents of
Alberta in June 2012 highlighted that northern and central Alberta were frequently visited for
lakeside camping (p. 16). The tourism activities on and around the lake is in demand so it is
crucial to consider Sustainable Tourism Strategies in order to protect the lake for the
generations to come.
The following management practises are necessary to manage and support sustainable lake
development for future recreation and tourism63
(p. 47):
63

70 | P a g e
• phasing tourism use in time (clear understanding of when and to what extend the lake
is used by visitors and local communities)
• zoning lake use in space (designating specific areas for the recreation and tourism
activities and leaving other areas to their natural state)
• stakeholder conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial
government, First Nations, municipalities and communities)
• lake user conflict resolution (includes private owners, federal and provincial
government, First Nations, municipalities, communities and visitors)
• codes of conduct for lake users
• community based planning and management
• and planning regulations (include setback regulations that determine the distance from
the lakeshore to recreation/tourism development)
The Model of Sustainable Wellbeing Destination (p. 28) is a good road map for sustainable
tourism and attraction development around the LSL:
• Supporting Wellbeing Resources and Factors (Infrastructure, superstructure, hospitality,
destination atmosphere (a sense of a place))
• Core Wellbeing Resource and Attractions (Unique wellbeing destination features: natural
and cultural resources, traditional healing, therapeutic)
• Wellbeing Destination Policy and Planning (Strategic planning, vision, goals, policies
network collaborations, monitoring and evaluation)
• Wellbeing Destination Development and Management (Human resources, training,
education, networks of actors and quality programs)
• Sustainable Wellbeing Tourism Destination
Moreover, better gathering and analysis of the local visitor numbers, expenditure and
interest for the future tourism and recreation strategies are essential to provide a strong
driver for economic growth across the whole region.
The following points were interlined as future tourism development focus that tightly intertwine
with priorities discussed previously:

71 | P a g e
• need for a development of the public beach(es) on the west side of the lake
• more options with regards to Cabins, Hotels, B&Bs with the possibility to develop to
target visitors and travellers that prefer more “luxury” accommodation and facilities
rather than camping
• guided water sport activities on the lake and more options for rental and diversity of
water recreation
• possibility of Golf course development on the north or west side away from the lake
within an hour or so travel distance
• better marketing, printed and online materials for the local events, museums and
cultural retreats
• attracting seasonal or permanent businesses to provide good quality catering
options, especially during the peak summer season
Three Stages of Strategic Development of the LSL Region:
STAGE 1. Establishment of Inter-Municipal Planning Commission with Collaboration Approach
STAGE 2. Development of the Regional Lesser Slave Lake Management Plan; and Sustainable
Tourism Development Strategies for the region
STAGE 3. Creation of different programs and support for the local businesses and
entrepreneurs; marketing initiatives; and advocating and promoting diversification
To conclude, rapid economic growth of the region and fast development of the communities
around the LSL require stronger organisational and regulatory planning initiatives, a clear
framework outline, and also short term and long term goals to be addressed and executed
under a simple but organized and productive structure by municipalities. A statutory process like
IMPC would greatly assist in the overall control and development of the whole lake and its
surrounding areas. The IMPC should include all municipalities adjacent to the lake. These are
BLC, the MD of LSR and the Town of Slave Lake. First Nations and Metis Settlements could be
a part of this IMPC if they are willing to participate in this initiative.

72 | P a g e
Appendices

73 | P a g e
Appendix 1.
Organizations and
Communities

Appendix 1. Organizations and Communities
ALSC is an organization that support
assists better understanding of healthy eco
systems, supporting community stewardship
and encouraging the development of
practices and policies that support
sustainable resource use. They provide
and information resource services in order to
be able to engage, inform and enable their
members to be better stewards of their land.
Their core programs and services include:
• Alberta Stewardship Network
• Conservation Easement Registry
• Conservation Land Registry
• Green Acreages Guide
• Green Communities Guide
• Watershed Stewardship Grant Program
• Septic Sense: Solutions for Rural Living (pilot program)
Appendix 1. Organizations and Communities
ALSC is an organization that supports and
better understanding of healthy eco-
systems, supporting community stewardship
aging the development of
practices and policies that support
sustainable resource use. They provide tools
services in order to
be able to engage, inform and enable their
members to be better stewards of their land.
grams and services include:
Alberta Stewardship Network
Conservation Easement Registry
Conservation Land Registry
Green Acreages Guide
Green Communities Guide
Watershed Stewardship Grant Program
Septic Sense: Solutions for Rural Living (pilot program)
74 | P a g e

The purpose of ALMS is to promote
understanding and comprehensive
management of lakes and reservoirs and their
watersheds.
Their objectives are:
• Undertake the collection of data and information to increase
and management options; share and disseminate information and experiences on all
aspects of lake and watershed management
• Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their
watersheds by offering courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and
disseminating information on that topic; by providing occasional scholarships or
bursaries for educational purposes which foster research or the advancement of
knowledge in aquatic sciences.
• Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote
lake and watershed management and/or encourage the protection of lakes and
watersheds.
• Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and indivi
concerned with lakes and lake
Their programs are:
• LakeWatch (a volunteer
who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reserv
• Alberta Water Quality Awareness (AWQA) (a province
increasing people’s awareness and understanding of water quality and watershed
health, through hands-
• Aquatic plant monitoring program (monitor macroph
occurrences of invasive aquatic plants in Alberta’s lakes)
The purpose of ALMS is to promote
understanding and comprehensive
management of lakes and reservoirs and their
Undertake the collection of data and information to increase knowledge of lake functions
aspects of lake and watershed management
Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their
g courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and
knowledge in aquatic sciences.
Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote
Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and indivi
concerned with lakes and lake-watershed improvement and protection.
LakeWatch (a volunteer-based water quality monitoring program offered to Albertans
who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reserv
Alberta Water Quality Awareness (AWQA) (a province-wide program focused on
-on water quality testing)
Aquatic plant monitoring program (monitor macrophyte diversity and to identify any
occurrences of invasive aquatic plants in Alberta’s lakes)
75 | P a g e
knowledge of lake functions
Educate and increase the public’s understanding of the importance of lakes and their
g courses, seminars, conferences and meetings; by collecting and
Participate in the development of local, provincial and national programs that promote
Provide expertise to and collaborate with other organizations, agencies and individuals
watershed improvement and protection.
based water quality monitoring program offered to Albertans
who are interested in collecting information about their local lake or reservoir)
wide program focused on
yte diversity and to identify any

• Citizen science - IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a
program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze a
thaw data from lakes across Canada); Stream Monitoring (ALMS is developing protocols
to allow citizens to monitor streams in Alberta); Invasive Species Monitoring (help
monitor lakes for the presence of adult zebra or quagga mussels)
• Lake Management
Association of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)
ASVA was formed as a non
Villages in the Province of Alberta. ASVA represents the interests of its members in dealings
with the provincial governmen
ASVA also undertakes special initiatives such as the Lake Stewardship Guide to assist its
members in dealing with some of the challenges facing Alberta's lake communities.
Their goals are:
• Advocacy:
o Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer
villages and promotes the collective position of summer villages to decision
makers, members and stakeholders
IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a
program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze a
monitor lakes for the presence of adult zebra or quagga mussels)
sociation of Summer Villages of Alberta (ASVA)
n-profit association to provide a common forum for all Summer
with the provincial government as well as those between ASVA and other organizations.
Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer
makers, members and stakeholders
76 | P a g e
IR Secchi Disk (monitor water quality in your lake); IceWatch (a
program of NatureWatch, is a volunteer monitoring program that collects freeze and
profit association to provide a common forum for all Summer
t as well as those between ASVA and other organizations.
Liaison with Provincial government to advocate for solutions that support summer

77 | P a g e
o Participation on Provincial Issues and Initiatives – ASVA partners with all levels
of government, municipalities, industry, stakeholder groups, to resolve issues /
challenges
o Advocate summer villages working together to build common solutions
o Effectively and transparently manage the ASVA as a high profile municipal
association accepted and recognized by our sister associations, other
municipalities, and the provincial government.
• Communication:
o Provides useful, reliable information tailored to the specific needs of summer
villages
o Keeps up-to-date on social media as a tool for communications (website, etc)
• Education:
o Organizing Annual Conference – bring together skills, provide experts to advise
on governance and stewardship
o Provides access to a variety of resources (e.g. bylaw templates)
o Supports solutions that help summer villages meet their sustainable objectives
o Provide education resources to support summer villages in their role as
environmental stewards

This non-profit organisation provides support and gui
business owners by helping to turn their business ideas into the reality in rural Alberta for over
25 years. Mainly staffed by business professionals and guided by a volunteer Board of
Directors.
The services include:
• wide range of business
loan options
• training courses
• personal business
coaching
• and networking events
Community Futures targets strengthening and diversifying of rural economies. They work
closely with community leaders and stakeholders to create commu
plans. They support implementation of projects with value
new sectors. They help with broad business retention and succession planning strategies.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gov
DFO has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters
including lakes. It provides science and research on water, fisheries, ecosystems and aquatic
species as well as maintaining federal harbour.
specified earlier in this study, in Section II. Historical Trends, Tourism Facilities, Attractions and
their Capabilities, Level of Occupancy on p.
profit organisation provides support and guidance for entrepreneurs and small
wide range of business
and networking events
closely with community leaders and stakeholders to create community economic development
plans. They support implementation of projects with value-added activities and expansion into
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada
has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters
species as well as maintaining federal harbour. Three (3) are located around the LSR as were
their Capabilities, Level of Occupancy on p. 18.
78 | P a g e
dance for entrepreneurs and small
nity economic development
added activities and expansion into
ernment of Canada (DFO)
has the lead federal role in managing Canada’s fisheries and safeguarding its waters
Three (3) are located around the LSR as were

Ducks Unlimited (DUC)
DUC specialise in the wetland conservation.
By using sound science, they deliver on
ground habitat conservation projects, research,
education programs and public policy work to
conserve, restore and manage wetlands.
Programs that they offer are:
• Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)
• Wetland Restoration programs
• Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of
government and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation
objectives)
• Landowner Relations programs
• Upland Restoration programs
• Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)
• Native Plant Solutions.
Lesser Slave Forest Education Society (LSFES)
The Society is working in partnership with
Lesser Slave Watershed Council to deliver
curriculum based watershed and wetland
education to schools in the region including field
trips. One forth of this educational programming
concentrates on water.
DUC specialise in the wetland conservation.
By using sound science, they deliver on-the-
ground habitat conservation projects, research,
education programs and public policy work to
store and manage wetlands.
Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)
Wetland Restoration programs
Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of
and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation
Landowner Relations programs
Upland Restoration programs
Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)
Native Plant Solutions.
Education Society (LSFES)
The Society is working in partnership with
Lesser Slave Watershed Council to deliver
curriculum based watershed and wetland
education to schools in the region including field
trips. One forth of this educational programming
79 | P a g e
Habitat Retention programs (the acquisition of land, conservation easements etc.)
Government and Industry Relations programs (working with various levels of
and industry to change behavior or land use to meet conservation
Habitat Asset Management programs (maintain the condition of habitats)

LSLEA is a government supported group and part of the economic development initiative of
Government of Alberta (GoA) that are party funded by gran
There are eleven (11) alliances like this in Alberta at the moment where membership is
voluntary. The advantage of
with these large organisations is
one has that shared goal of looking at things
at regional strategic bases from economic
development prospective. They have the
critical mass of numbers, the talent, and also
a collective will of a large geographical area
to do things and offer a much better place to
act.
Prior to 2011 these organizations were s
GoA and when that administrative support was removed, some of these organizations were not
able to set their own direction. LSLEA is one of the last ones among them to come along, so
organization has not been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic
planning. Currently the organisation members include five
settlements and three (3) other communities and regional organizations. The main role of
organisation is to provide a network platform and encourage collaboration and communications
between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten
alliances and can utilise their knowledge and expertises. The
strengthen regional economy. Key sections that the organization currently concentrates on are:
• Oil and Gas
• Construction
• Retail
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• and Tourism
Government of Alberta (GoA) that are party funded by grants from GoA and memberships’ cost.
dvantage of working closely
these large organisations is that each
one has that shared goal of looking at things
strategic bases from economic
development prospective. They have the
critical mass of numbers, the talent, and also
a collective will of a large geographical area
a much better place to
Prior to 2011 these organizations were supported by up to two full time staff members from the
ot been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic
planning. Currently the organisation members include five (5) municipalities, three
other communities and regional organizations. The main role of
between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten
alliances and can utilise their knowledge and expertises. The goal is to work together to
80 | P a g e
and memberships’ cost.
upported by up to two full time staff members from the
ot been around for so many years and still needs to improve its strategic
municipalities, three (3) Métis
other communities and regional organizations. The main role of the
between its members. Organization has ties with provincial government as well as other ten (10)
goal is to work together to

Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC)
LSLIRC was established in 1971 and now
consists of five First Nations including Driftpile,
Kapaweno, Sawridge, Sucker Creek and Swan
River First Nations that live around
council was created to improve econo
social conditions of First Nation people in the area
where the need for a united approach was recognised
in order to achieve that goal.
Their Mission is:
• to encourage economic development
• to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic
development
• to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social
development
LSLRT is no longer operational. This organisation used to provide tourism marketing support for
the LSL region by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing
travel guides. Currently, different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights
marketing tools and materials as well as how
64
Tourism Meeting, March 24, 2015, arranged by RABC, Slave Lake
Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council (LSLIRC) – First Nations
in 1971 and now
consists of five First Nations including Driftpile,
Kapaweno, Sawridge, Sucker Creek and Swan
River First Nations that live around the LSL. The
council was created to improve economic and
t Nation people in the area
where the need for a united approach was recognised
to encourage economic development
to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic
to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social
by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing
different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights
marketing tools and materials as well as how to continue LSLRT practise in th
Tourism Meeting, March 24, 2015, arranged by RABC, Slave Lake
81 | P a g e
to improve social, educational and cultural opportunities that contribute to economic
to improve the communications among groups involved in economic and social
by mentioning a website with visitor information; creating, updating and providing
different groups are in discussion on who is to receive the rights to
to continue LSLRT practise in the region64
.

The Group was designated as the Watershed
Planning and Advisory Council (WPAC) by
the Government of Alberta (GoA)
a part of the provincial climate change
strategy. The council consist
and board members that work closely with
provincial government officials to provide
guidance and maintain the healthy
environment of Lesser Slave Watershed.
Alberta Environment and Sustainable
Resource Development (ESRD) supports the
LSWC in reporting on the health of
and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region.
LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan tha
schedule to be completed by March 2015 and submitted to ESRD for approval. One of the roles
of a WPAC is to provide recommendations to stakeholders and government for watershed
related policy and best management practices. The council is building awar
ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal o
lake stewards of the people living in the region.
These programs include:
• Green Acreage Guide Workshop
home to lessen their impact and footprint on the watershed and environment.
• Riparian Restoration Project.
riparian enhancement work. Three (3) top
degradation, potential impact to the watershed, willingness of landowner to work on a
restoration plan if the funding is approved by Water Restoration and Resiliency Program
for 2015.
• Living by Water. The p
residents to sign up for a confidential home site consultation with Living by Water
The Group was designated as the Watershed
Planning and Advisory Council (WPAC) by
the Government of Alberta (GoA) in 2007 and
a part of the provincial climate change
strategy. The council consists of volunteers
and board members that work closely with
provincial government officials to provide
guidance and maintain the healthy
environment of Lesser Slave Watershed.
Alberta Environment and Sustainable
Resource Development (ESRD) supports the
ting on the health of the LSL and the watershed through research, monitoring
and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region.
LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan tha
related policy and best management practices. The council is building awar
ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal o
the people living in the region.
Green Acreage Guide Workshop. Its purpose is to engage people in taking action at
Riparian Restoration Project. Its intent is to identify and prioritize sites that require
riparian enhancement work. Three (3) top priority sites will be selected based on level of
The program is promoted throughout 2015 and will engage lakeshore
82 | P a g e
LSL and the watershed through research, monitoring
and reports by sharing this information with stakeholders and decision makers in the region. The
LSWC is currently working on Lesser Slave Integrated Watershed Management Plan that is
related policy and best management practices. The council is building awareness and provides
ongoing support to the local communities by delivering programs with the goal of making better
purpose is to engage people in taking action at
intent is to identify and prioritize sites that require
priority sites will be selected based on level of
promoted throughout 2015 and will engage lakeshore

83 | P a g e
Technician; custom reports will be presented afterwards with suggestions for short and
long term actions to minimize human impact on the lake.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Alberta
Alberta Culture and Tourism supports the development and sustainability of Alberta’s cultural
industries, tourism, the arts, heritage and non-profit/ voluntary sector. Ministry’s programs,
services and grants focus on building a vibrant culture sector, marketing Alberta as a world-
class destination and promoting active, healthy lifestyles for the benefit of Alberta’s families,
communities, visitors and investors now and in the future.
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Alberta (ESRD)
ESRD are stewards of air, land, water and biodiversity including fish and wildlife, parks and
forests. They lead the achievement of desired environmental outcomes and sustainable
development of natural resources for Albertans. They provide educational resources,
environmental tool guidelines and recreation resources.

Municipalities (The Town of High Prairie, BLC,
Municipalities play an important
statutory Land-use Bylaws, develop plans and
they provide public support, i
development and utilities as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible
to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community
development.
65
Source: The Town of High Prairie website
66
Source: Big Lakes County
67
Source: The Town of Slave Lake
68
Source: Municipal District of Lesser S
of High Prairie, BLC, The Town of Slave Lake,
s play an important role in planning and development for the region. They provide
use Bylaws, develop plans and responsible for their enforcement
they provide public support, industry support (like Agriculture and Tourism
as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible
to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community
65
67
of High Prairie website
Slave River website
84 | P a g e
of Slave Lake, The MD of LSR)
evelopment for the region. They provide
responsible for their enforcement. In addition,
like Agriculture and Tourism), economic
as well as certain permits and law enforcement. They are responsible
to create municipal strategic plans for their regions and support community and overall
66
68

Nature Alberta
Nature Alberta is a natural history organization that studies plants and / or animals, using
observational rather than experimental methods.
The programs that they offer are:
• Bird Conservation
• Citizen Science & Database
• Living By Water
Private Land Developers (Sub
There are several private land developments
around the LSL. Those include Hilliard’s Bay
Estates Inc on the north side of the lake, RedSky
and Shadow Creek development near Joussard
on the south side, Poplar Poi
Inc and Sunset Park Recreational Subdivision
near Kinuso. All have the
responsibilities for the waste management and
water supply. There seems to be a lack of
controls when it comes to garbage,
vehicle amenities, boat launches
private developments
69
Source: http://www.sunsetpark.ca
observational rather than experimental methods.
rograms that they offer are:
Bird Conservation
Citizen Science & Database
Living By Water
Sub-divisions)
There are several private land developments
around the LSL. Those include Hilliard’s Bay
Estates Inc on the north side of the lake, RedSky
and Shadow Creek development near Joussard
Poplar Point Developments
and Sunset Park Recreational Subdivision
near Kinuso. All have their own structure,
for the waste management and
There seems to be a lack of other
when it comes to garbage, off road
ies, boat launches etc. for some
85 | P a g e
69

SARDA is an organization that specialises in agricultural research. In addition, they also
oversee province-wide initiatives
management and risk management strategies in wheat and other cereals, the GPS industrial
site monitoring project, and the Alberta
forage industry network. They provide a
wide variety of applied research and
forage-related projects through its
member Associations, some of these
include (but are not limited to):
• Local variety trials
• Livestock and forage management
• Seeding methods
• Fertilizer comparisons
• Pest management
• Weed management
• Watering systems
• Pasture management
wide initiatives including the sustainable regional variety trials, integrated pest
site monitoring project, and the Alberta
forage industry network. They provide a
lied research and
related projects through its
member Associations, some of these
include (but are not limited to):
Livestock and forage management
Fertilizer comparisons
86 | P a g e
including the sustainable regional variety trials, integrated pest

Regional Forest Advisory Committee
Committee provides support to seven (7) regions in Alberta
in developing the Land-use Framework.
Upper Athabasca region (Error! Reference source not
found., p. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Framework agreement is planned to commence in 2017 and
to be completed by the end of the 2018.
The framework is based on Integrated Resource
Management System and will focus on:
• Strategies to manage cumulative effects of
development
• Economic future for the region
• Conservation of Valued Landscapes
• Infrastructure and community sustainability to
support population growth and labor force needs
• Increased opportunities for recreation / tourism and
culture
• Managing impacts to
traditional land uses
Land-use Framework targets three core outcomes (1)
healthy economy, (2) healthy ecosystem and environment, and (3) people friendly communities
that have ample recreation and cultural opportunities
70
Whitecourt RFAC Meeting, November 6, 2014, Minutes
Regional Forest Advisory Committee, Whitecourt (RFAC)
Committee provides support to seven (7) regions in Alberta
use Framework. BLC is located in
Error! Reference source not
Error! Bookmark not defined.), its Land-use
Framework agreement is planned to commence in 2017 and
to be completed by the end of the 2018.
The framework is based on Integrated Resource
Management System and will focus on:
Strategies to manage cumulative effects of
Economic future for the region
Conservation of Valued Landscapes
Infrastructure and community sustainability to
support population growth and labor force needs
Increased opportunities for recreation / tourism and
Managing impacts to Aboriginal groups and
use Framework targets three core outcomes (1)
that have ample recreation and cultural opportunities70
.
Whitecourt RFAC Meeting, November 6, 2014, Minutes
87 | P a g e

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Figure 21: Upper Athabasca Region: Counties and Municipal Districts

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Appendix 2.
Interview
Questionnaire

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Appendix 2. Interview Questionnaire
Future development / other opportunities:
1. Do you favour or oppose to further development on the Lesser Slave Lake lakeside and
why?
2. In your opinion, do changes need to be made to make sure that development on the lake
is more controlled? If yes, what kind?
3. What businesses / facilities / infrastructure etc., if any, would you consider being a
priority and need to be developed around the lakeside in the next 5 years?
Environmental impact:
4. What are the key issues that need to be immediately addressed, if any, that caused
and/or might cause environmental impact on the lake and its lakeside?
5. In your opinion, what needs to be done in order to prevent further environmental impact
on the lake and its lakeside?
6. What do you think should be done to improve current lake management?
Economic growth:
7. What do you think is the biggest challenge facing communities around Lesser Slave
Lake in the next five years?
8. Do you think the low oil prices will have a significant impact on the rural communities of
the MD of Big Lakes?
9. What is your view on this Lesser Slave Lake sustainable development initiative started
by the MD of Big Lakes?
Organizations and collaboration:
10. In your opinion, is Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance a necessary and required
organisation?
11. In your view, is Lesser Slave Watershed Council a useful and necessary organisation?

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12. Do you feel that there is a co-operative effort by Municipalities around Lesser Slave Lake
in regards to regional Planning and Development?
13. Should the lake fall under Federal, Provincial or Municipal govern or a combination of?
General:
14. In your opinion, are there other important concerns that you feel need to be addressed
that were not covered in the previous questions? What other matters would you like to
comment on?

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Appendix 3.
Primary Research
Findings

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Appendix 3. Primary Research Findings
The research was undertaken upon the request of BLC with terms and conditions set in the
letter of agreement between BLC and the consultant. Semi-directed interviews were carried out
in March and April, 2015. An initial set of interviewees were identified by BLC as local experts in
the LSL region. Subsequent interviewees were identified through chain referral methods and by
recommendation of BLC staff. Interview questions were focusing on Future Development,
Environmental Impact, Economic Growth, and Collaboration Appendix 2. Interview
Questionnaire p. 89). The results were categorised for convenience and cross-referenced with
the secondary source analysis presented earlier in this paper (p. 3, 30 & 40).
In total twenty nine (29) people were interviewed (Appendix 4. List of Interview’s Participants on
p. 106) out of forty five (45) individuals that were contacted initially; seven (7) out of which
declined participation and nine (9) did not respond to the initial request. After thorough analysis
of the interviews’ responses the findings are presented below.
Future Development
Most of the participants were in favour of further development around the LSL (sixty nine
percent (69%) were in favour, twenty one percent (21%) opposed if no changes were made to
current development practice and ten percent (10%) preferred not to comment) if the
development is done in an ordinary, planned manner and within all legal aspects following the
land use bylaws. However the following points were highlighted, that need to be addressed:
• Land and / or water access difficulties; limited public use; need for a public beach
• Long-term planning and focused effort. Development is inevitable and proper planning
is required to have better control of it. If not addressed at an early stage, it can create a
development disaster. Identification of what is needed and starting working towards it.
“Being proactive actually encourages development” (Interview No. 13, March 23rd
, 2015)
• Sustainable development. A balanced approach that adds to quality of life of the local
communities and based on communities’ decision (including Municipalities, First Nations
and Métis settlements in the region) and limits environmental impact

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• “Development is a site specific” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015) and dependant on
many variables that need to be looked at individually based on development itself, for
example some development should not be done in close proximity to the lake, like Oil
and Gas, Agriculture and Forestry.
• Diversification of local economy. Local economy mostly relies on Oil and Gas and
Forestry. Development is needed to improve local economy that is somewhat stagnant
around the region by creating growth and stability to hamlets and towns. It offers new job
opportunities and attracts newcomers to the region. However, the way diversification is
pursued highlights the need for a champion, ex. the lake is a great resource and a
tourism asset that is underutilised right now, specifically on the north shore
Those who are opposed to further development on the lake highlighted the following concerns:
• Development requires stricter guidelines - “From the view of lake sustainability I don't
think that further development on the south shore of the LSL is a good thing unless the
way we develop is significantly improved. Although current policy follows the
recommended setback etc. the lake is not being protected.” (Interview No. 6, March 11th
,
2015)
• Development is happening too fast and is too costly for the County, ex. water, sewage,
roads, recreation and others, developers should pay for the portion of it
• Proper restrictions placed on environmentally sensitive land, riparian areas,
waterways. At present these restrictions are not enforced and also consistency is a
problem in following by-laws and enforcing those laws
The majority of the participants supported better, more controlled development around the lake
(fifty eight percent (58%) said yes, twenty one percent (21%) opposed to further restrictions and
twenty one percent (21%) preferred not to comment):
• Control on agricultural operations, acreage development, limited development without
proper servicing (ex. condominium subdivisions), regional water supply
• Standardise guidelines between all levels of government control around the lake –
ERSD, Public, County(ies); Collaboration and communication between different
government authorities and local communities around the lake

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• Overarching philosophy. Understanding of the delicate balance between development
and protection of the resources, controlling growth and over-crowdedness, raising
awareness and ensuring that the law and regulations are enforced
• Lake Management Plan. A policy framework that works for all developers, adding
Consistency, Planning (“Identification of potential development interests vs the public
interest – present and future” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015)), Monitoring and
Environment regulations
Points raised that cause problems with current development regulations for developers:
• Overly controlled. Difficulty dealing with different levels of the government, takes longer
than should to develop which creates barriers for new businesses and development
opportunities – “Better awareness of all regulations affecting development” (Interview 29,
April 29th
, 2015). This highlights the need for clarity.
• Provincial Park areas are fairly controlled and some relaxation is preferable, ex.
proposition to clean up some areas for the beach(es), creating more passive recreation
and tourism development in the park areas around the lake
• Fairly controlled right now. Municipal Planning Commission (MPC) is currently working
on new standards, “...everything is there to do it properly, water, sewer, we just have to
make sure that the developer does it right because there is every opportunity there to do
it right...” (Interview No. 19, March 25th, 2015)
• Locals are generally better stewards of the land for the future and should partake in
its preservation and sustainability in more active, reinforcing way and avoid being self-
serving
Businesses, facilities and infrastructure that are considered to be a priority and need to be
developed in the next five (5) years:
• Public Access (public beach(es) and access to waterfront, parking and marinas)
• Recreational Activities (hiking trails, mountain bike trails, cross country skiing, show-
shoeing, wilderness experience; recreational boating which is currently mainly restricted
to fishing, riverboat ex. running from Slave Lake via Hamlets along the south side of the
lake)

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• Recreational Infrastructure (campgrounds, RV parks, cabin - “...some of which can be
enhanced and/or improved.” (Interview No. 2, March 2nd
, 2015), hotels, B&B,
restaurants, ability to sell freshly caught fish; stores, golf courses on the north and on the
south side of the lake (potential demand due to recent lots development around the lake
that would increase the summer visitor numbers) & Illumination (ex. interpretive
programs like signage that tells stories about trees, water, shrubs, birds, flowers etc)
• Rentals (boats, kayaks, mountain bike, snowshoes, skis etc.) & Repairs (boat motors,
boats, bikes etc.)
• Utilities (regional water expansion, “water and waste water facility upgrades to
accommodate shadow populations in lakeshore hamlets during the summer months”
(Interview No. 6, March 11th
, 2015), sanitary sewer system treatment, drinking water,
expansion of rural water service, waste disposal. “Better access to electricity, and
improvement of the communication network, cell phones and Internet” (Interview No. 27,
March 31st
, 2015)
• Residential and commercial development (housing, roads, sidewalks, walking, biking
and quad trails)
Environmental Impact
Issues raised that need to be immediately addressed:
• Long-term sustainable development plan (Lake Management Plan) which considers
protection of water quality and its habitats in order for the lake to remain pristine, not
polluted. Better stewardship and control of private development ( ex. floating docks) as
well as to make sure that infrastructure is there and nothing leaks into the lake
• Restrictions placed on environmentally sensitive land, riparian areas, waterways
that apply to all surrounding communities. “Removal and loss of natural, vegetated
shoreline is the biggest threat to the LSL water quality over time. The riparian area does
not end at the surveyed bed and shore line. In some areas the riparian area is 100
meters or more back from the lake. This vegetated area filters runoff - reducing erosion,
removed nutrients, sediments and stores water - replenishing groundwater... The
riparian area of all rivers and creeks in the the MD need to be managed in such a way
that they are filtering water that is entering Lesser Slave Lake.” (Interview No. 6, March
11th
, 2015)

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• Algae that can be brought from other provinces which creates a need for boats and
moto-crafts inspections on major highways coming in to the province (will be mandatory
in the near future)
• Better “understanding of what the cumulative impact is (on the lake) of these (new)
developments” (Interview No. 2, March 4th
, 2015); “Rise of siltation from terrestrial
activities” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015)
• Improvement of sewage treatment processes to reduce the amount of Phosphorus
entering the lake. Better control of what is going into the lake, live stock operations
adjustment, ex. fencing, “(there are) a lot of farmers that still graze their cattle along the
rivers (and creeks)” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd
, 2015), agricultural impact (fertilizer),
industrial waste clean-up, proper waste disposal
• Maintaining the lake water level, understanding an impact of sedimentation,
deforestation and forest fires. Introducing runoffs, restoration of the watershed integrity
and protection of the biodiversity of ecosystems
• Reduction of pressure on the south side of the lake that is already significantly
developed, “inappropriate or illegal development needs to be addressed” (Interview No.
17, March 24th
, 2015) or development to close to the lake
To prevent a future negative environmental impact on the lake the following was proposed:
• Development strategies (an environmental impact program) supported by studies and
assessments of what is there right now as well as “consideration of ultimate build out”
(Interview 29, April 29th
, 2015). Those are tied up with Lake Management Plan and
Intermunicipal Development Plan for the entire shore and renewed annually
• Sustained, organised regulations in combination with overseeing what development is
going to happen to maintain a good balance. Increase of environmental standards and
development of clear guidelines.
• Collaboration and communication with First Nations, Métis Settlements, local
Municipalities, Federal government and ESRD that would follow the same guidelines.
• Enforcement of the rules that are in place, “...the proper monitoring systems are in
place for new and existing development.” (Interview No. 27, March 31st
, 2015)
• Raising awareness and educating lake users. “Riparian restoration and enhancement”
, 2015)

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• Industries control, ex. “Logging practice; large clear-cut parcels ... Non-agricultural
pesticides and herbicides ... Effluent risk” (Interview 29, April 29th
, 2015)
To improve current lake management the following has been proposed:
• Wider, broader view / approach needs to be taken that consists of different parties’
opinions
• “Provincially -... Lake Management Framework. ... Municipally - A Lake Management
Plan with all the players involved. ... Watershed - ... LSWC will be leading the
development of an integrated Watershed Management Plan.” (Interview No. 6, March
11th
, 2015); “...any effective planning initiative ... got to have a good information base -
data information base, .. (that) got to shore up any data gaps... Maybe ... approach (it)
as Land Use Framework where ... the information gathered ..., connect the information
and data, and ... pull that together in a lake assessment or profile, obviously ... a working
group (required) ... to facilitate that. ... some kind of group that would have the
representative across the board (MD, County, Hamlets, First Nations, Métis Settlements,
Provincial Government representatives, non-for-profit organisations etc) to be able to
pull that together and then initiate the planning, coordinating it with all the players at the
table.” (Interview No. 2, March 4th
, 2015). “If ... (we) can have one group that is
responsible for ... (Lake Management Plan) and then everybody (other organizations,
entities etc.) imports into that group.” (interview No. 12, March 23, 2015)
• Regional Collaboration (Interview No. 10, March 19th
, 2015), Communication (Interview
No. 13, March 23rd
, 2015), “Management Protocol established through engagement”
(Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015) and “Ongoing Monitoring” (Interview No. 27, March
31, 2015)
• Clearly define process for any development on the lakeshore that is “addressed up
front for business and site specific issue planning” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015).
• Proper Water and Sewer services in the areas where there is none or those that
require to be upgraded are upgraded so there is no waste water accidently leaks or is
dumped into the lake

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Economic Growth
The following concerns were raised regarding economic variables in the region:
• Lack of diversity of the local economy, ex. “... tourism is a renewable resource and it is
something that should be huge as part of what is there” (Interview No. 1, March 4th
,
2015). Downturns of Oil and Gas that effect local economy, “it is a cyclical thing with ups
and downs” (Interview No. 4, March 9th
, 2015) so staging resources reasonable for
downturns by supporting forestry, agriculture and continuing to support small businesses
is crucial
• Population growth (including shadow population and summer visitors) into the region
creates a greater demand for use, labour, controlling growth and development. “opening
up public access to municipal and environmental reserves, Crown land ... Upgrades to
public land (i.e. parks)” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015) and have greater impact on
local communities
• Development delays that are mainly based on demand when the infrastructure is
already required and necessary, ex. schools, health care, emergency services,
recreational facilities etc.
• Lack of co-ordinating effort to have a shared understanding of future development in
order to develop a broader strategic plan (Interview No 2, March 4th
, 2015); “Balancing
lakeshore development with protection of natural values” (Interview No. 6, March 11th
,
2015); “Land-use bylaws by all municipalities - the Town of Slave Lake, the MD of LSR
and BLC plus four First Nations (Reserves around the lake)” (Interview No. 17, March
24th
, 2015).
• Creating opportunities for entrepreneurs to facilitate growth, “Work together on an
economic plan and create an atmosphere where they are enhancing the businesses and
industries to relocate into this region” (Interview No. 22, March 25th
, 2015)
• Rapid increase in cost for any development around the lakeshore plus prolong
development process for any development which “ties up the developer. Make rules that
are done right but don't over complicate.” (Interview No. 19, March 25th
, 2015)
• “Aging water infrastructure” (Interview No. 6, March 11th
, 2015) that require an
upgrade in the future, waste disposal, the cost of new and/or upgraded infrastructure,

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reduced funding from the province and “conflicts with lake adjacent owners” (Interview
No. 29, April 29th
, 2015)
• “... land lock in terms of developable land in the town (and/or hamlet) boundaries (ex.
Slave Lake & Joussard)” (Interview No. 23, March 25th
, 2015)
• Law enforcement, need for more police visibility to prevent crime in the region
• Education and training of locals
• Water level and its flow that affects industries downstream on LSR, “... a water
allocations strategy so downstream needs do not sterilize our (the MD of LSR No. 124)
region’s ability to use water” (Interview No. 29, April 29th, 2015)
The impact of low oil prices was a concern for seventy six percent (76%) of interviewees, only
fourteen percent (14%) did not believe it would significantly impact local economy and ten
percent (10%) preferred not to comment. Even though many think this impact will be short term,
this highlights the need for diversification of the economy in the County that were mentioned
above as one of the challenges communities might face in the future. Low oil prices may put on
hold some of the planned future developments, reduced funding and create “less spending and
... more savings” (Interview No. 22, March 25th
, 2015)
In light of the above discussion, seventy six percent (76%) of participants agreed that this
Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development initiative is necessary, essential and critical, and “it
(this study) is balanced by different opinions” (Interview No. 11, March 23rd
, 2015). “It is an
essential document that will assist Big Lakes County to develop more effective land use by-laws
and municipal development plans” (Interview No. 17, March 24th
, 2015) as well as “to create a
better future, you have to start planning now” (Interview No 27, March 31st
, 2015). Twenty four
percent (24%) preferred not to comment at this early stage of the study until the final results are
presented. Few mentioned that it should be something that is long-term with “a planned
approach” (Interview No. 22, March 25th
, 2015) which looks at the “bigger picture” and is
reviewed on a regular basis. In addition, it was pointed out that “just that (Big Lakes County) is
talking to people and getting some information, doing a research or maybe getting the
discussion starting is wonderful and discussion needs to carry on” (Interview No. 1, March 4th
,
2015).

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Collaboration
The final section of the questionnaire focused on collaboration between different municipalities,
organizations, and the provincial and federal government in the area. For the purpose of this
study, two organizations were selected that were considered to be able to provide strong
support to BLC and the LSL region in the future. They are the Lesser Slave Lake Economic
Alliance and the Lesser Slave Watershed Council.
Forty five percent (45%) of interviewees agreed that it is an important organisation that provides
a collaborative support to its members, “a really good organisation (that) has tons of potential”
, 2015), “... (that provides a) look at the regional perspective that are
beneficial for the communities and what is beneficial for one community can benefit others”
(Interview No 23, March 25th
, 2015) and “(can bring) value as advocacy body for regional
issues” (Interview No. 29, April 29th
, 2015).
However, the following points were raised: “... influx in last few years in terms of executive
directors, government funding ...” (Interview No. 5, March 9th
, 2015), required to be restructured,
also to re-visit and define their mission, vision and strategic plan, “... the province’s whole
approach to funding that has being another huge issue and sustainability, longevity of it in a
sense that they (LSLEA) are wondering year after year whether they're going to operate next
year.” (Interview No. 18, March 24th
, 2015). These provide an unstable environment for the
organisation and limit its ability to succeed.
On the other hand, fourteen percent (14%) of participants did not see a value in this
organization and another fourteen percent (14%) preferred not to comment. In addition, another
twenty seven percent (27%) stated that they were not familiar with the organisation and cannot
provide a definite answer.

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Forty eight percent (48%) of interviewees saw a value in LSWC that “...are essential as a
research (body).” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd
, 2015). “The watershed (LSWC) was really our
go-to, it is a new project that came about only in the last decade and it seems they've made a
ton of success in a lot of ways...” (Interview No. 18, March 24th
, 2015). In addition, the need to
include them in local, municipal regional planning was mentioned (Interview No. 4, March 9th
,
2015). However, “The biggest challenge for them is to provide those resources that they have to
the people that make decisions.” (Interview No. 11, March 23rd
, 2015).
Fourteen percent (14%) of participants did not see the value in this organization, seventeen
percent (17%) preferred not to comment and twenty one percent (21%) mentioned that they
were not really familiar with it.
The above shows that both organisations that were selected for the purpose of this study could
become more pro-active in establishing themselves and extending their reach to as many
parties as possible in order to become more vibrant, known and recognised in order to bring
even more value to their local communities.
Co-operative Effort
The majority of the interviewees welcomed the idea of co-operation and collaboration between
different municipalities, First Nations and Métis Settlements around the LSL with exception to
those who preferred not to comment on this question (twenty four percent (24%) of interview
participants). However, thirty one percent (31%) of interviewees said that they do not feel that
there is a co-operative effort at the moment, “there is competitiveness between the East and the
West of the lake; we do not work together at all.” (Interview No. 15, March 24th
, 2015), “...a lot of
times we work in isolation.” (Interview No. 18, March 24th
, 2015), “...it's been talked about, but (I
am) not aware if anything has been done.” (Interview No. 1, March 4th
, 2015).
Those who answered that there is a co-operative effort (forty five percent (45%) of interviewees)
highlighted that it is at a very early stage, “... bare minimum” (Interview No. 5, March 9th
, 2015);
“... we need to do more.” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd
, 2015).

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In order to improve current collaboration and co-operation effort between different groups,
municipalities etc., findings show the need for:
• A champion to lead this collaboration “... needs an elected champion with a vision.”
, 2015) as well as “...need to find a better way to
collaborate,... to do business together, to grow together. What is good for the west side
of the lake, is going to be good for the east and vice versa.” (Interview No. 18, March
24th
, 2015)
• One group to unify all concerned parties around the lake -“...you get 10 to 15 different
groups and nobody is doing anything. If you have one good group you are going to get
somewhere.” (Interview No. 9, March 13th
, 2015); “15 different organizations - doing the
same studies, getting the funding and nothing coming out of it” (Interview No. 9, March
13th
, 2015), “It makes a big difference when we are working together, we all know what
the goal is and we are not fighting between each other on picking and choosing.”
, 2015)
• “Unifying approach” (Interview No. 12, March 23rd
, 2015). Ability to take in
consideration all aspects of local communities, businesses etc “.. it is a critical
consideration for communities in terms of sustaining our water supply for healthy
drinking water ... to consider the needs of industry, the needs of Agriculture, the needs of
development, recreational users.” (Interview No. 23, March 25th
, 2015). “To have a
process to incorporate all parties’ perspectives and being able to come to a consensus”
, 2015)
Governing jurisdiction(s)
Even though it is difficult to change the current structure of governance the lake falls under, it
was decided to include this question to see what the general view on this point was. The
majority of participants (sixty eight percent (68%)) agreed that it should be a combination of
different jurisdictions, twenty one percent (21%) of which preferred to have only Provincial and
Municipal involvement and to exclude Federal government participation, only leaving them as
an advisory, knowledge based body. Currently, municipalities do not have full authority, only
some, to enforce all regulations so Provincial involvement is mandatory to enforce the law.
However, four percent (4%) of participants answered in favour to have only the Provincial

104 | P a g e
government and the other seven percent (7%) only Municipal. Fourteen percent (14%) of
interviewees preferred not to comment and another seven percent (7%) were not sure.
Nevertheless, the majority believed that better structure and collaboration between
authorities as well as a clear understanding of each jurisdiction’s roles and responsibilities
need to be defined. “... It is just a matter of how we proactively organise our authorities and
coordinate our authorities there to meet that broader outcome of responsible development.”
, 2015). “There needs to be a more clear distinction of who is
responsible for what, and their duty to enforce associated policy.” (Interview No. 6, March 11th
,
2015). “... it is not a good collaboration between three groups ... if you want to do anything you
have to involve all three groups here and we do not really have a system how to do that.”
, 2015). “...Working with multiple levels of government just doesn't
seem to work well” (Interview No. 5, March 9th
, 2015).
Other Comments
Other comments that were raised during the interviews that need to be mentioned.
• Technical Expert. “The MD (Big Lake County) should consider high level technical
experts with a scientific and engineering background on staff to work on planning,
environment, water, and making recommendations to the council. This may save money
in consulting fees and provide continuity in the work being done.” (Interview No. 6,
March 11th
, 2015). It may be difficult to achieve because of the diversity of different
studies, assessments that are required by Big Lake County and other municipalities.
One position will not be able to cover all the roles and responsibilities that are required to
fill in this role.
• Tourism and Recreation. “... Big Lakes (County needs) to promote more tourism ... to
get their own program going and not rely on someone like Lesser Slave Lake Economic
Alliance or our neighbours Mighty Peace or Grande Prairie supporting us.” (Interview No.
15, March 24th
, 2015). “... Supporting tourism and recreation development relative to the
lake” (Interview No. 23, March 25th
, 2015). “Trans Canada Trail that goes all the way
along the lake can be a perfect tourism tool to market together but we don't maintain it,
we don't develop between, don't put signs on and we don't promote it, and theoretically
in the many ways it doesn't even exist for us.” (Interview No. 18, March 24t, 2015). “We

105 | P a g e
really need to look forward in the next 10 years to know our tourists.” (Interview No. 24,
March 26th
, 2015). This will strengthen the local economy by providing diversity, jobs and
reduce the pressure from the small businesses to promote solely their services without
strong support of the local government authorities. The need for better Marketing of
Lesser Slave Lake Tourism and Recreation was discussed in Section IV. Future
Opportunities, Marketing,
• Marketing (p. 50)

106 | P a g e
Appendix 4.
List of Interview’s
Participants

107 | P a g e
Appendix 4. List of Interview’s Participants
Interview Name Position
1 Acton, Darcie
Executive Director of the Lesser Slave
Lake Economic Alliance
2 Awid-Goltz, Lisa
Municipal Dispute Resolution
Specialist, Municipal Collaboration,
Municipal Affairs, Municipal Services
and Legislation
3 Charrois, Donald
Councillor, Ward 8: Banana Belt/ HP
East
4 Cunningham, Gerald
Chairman, East Prairie Metis
Settlement
5 Dupres, Ray
Councillor, Ward 7: Enilda/ Big
Meadow
6 Everatt, Ann
President and Chief Executive Officer,
Northern Lakes College
7 Fleming, Anita
Director, Western Canada, CN -
Business Development and Real
Estate
8 Gauchier, Iner
Chairman, Peavine Metis Settlement
Council
9 Hornbrook, Robert
Director, Rural Initiatives and
Research Branch at Agriculture and
Rural Development
10 Killeen, Ken Councillor, Ward 4: Kinuso
11 Kostiw, William
Chief Administrative Officer, Big Lakes
County
12 Laboucan-Avirom, Isaac Chief, Woodland Cree First Nation
13 Lovsin, Matt Vice-President, Freson Bros. IGA

108 | P a g e
Interview Name Position
14 Marx, David
Councillor, Ward 1: Heart River / Salt
Prairie
15 Matthews, Ken
Councillor, Ward 3: Gilwood North/
Triangle
16 Nygaaed, Robert Councillor, Ward 5: Faust
17 Olson, Gordon
Broker/Owner, Century 21 /
Sunnyside Realty
18 Payne, Meghan
Executive Director, Lesser Slave
Watershed Council
19 Podollan, Edward Councillor, Ward 6: Joussard
20 Quintilio, Kevin
Regional Resource Manager,
Environment and Sustainable
Resource Development, Upper
Athabasca Region
21 Skrynyk, Laurie
Director of Planning and
Development, The Town of Slave Lake
22 Smith, Diane Councillor, The Town of Slave Lake
23 Stewart, Ann
Councillor, Ward 9: Sunset House/
Gilwood South
24 Sutherland, Frank Councillor, Ward 2: Grouard
25 Warman, Tyler Mayor, The Town of Slave Lake
26 Williscroft, Linda Co-owner, Shadow Creek Resort
27 Wilson, Don
Business Development Manager,
North - Travel Alberta
28 Winarski, Allan
Chief Administrative Officer, the MD
of Lesser Slave River No. 124
29 Wronko, Karen
Executive Director, Entrepreneurship
and Regional Development at Alberta
Innovation and Advanced Education

109 | P a g e
Appendix 5.
Abbreviations

110 | P a g e
Appendix 5. Abbreviations
ALMS Alberta Lake Management Society
ALSC Alberta Land Stewardship Centre
ASVA Association of Summer Villages of Alberta
BLC Big Lakes County
CFLSL Community Futures Lesser Slave Lake
DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada
DUC Ducks Unlimited
ESRD Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Alberta
etc. Et cetera (a Latin expression that means "and other things", or "and so forth")
ex. Example
GoA The Government of Alberta
ILEC Lake Environment Committee Foundation
IMPC Inter Municipal Planning Commission
LSFES Lesser Slave Forest Education Society
LSL Lesser Slave Lake
LSLEA Lesser Slave Lake Economic Alliance
LSLIRC Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council
LSLRT Lesser Slave Lake Regional Tourism
LSR Lesser Slave River
LSWC Lesser Slave Watershed Council
MD Municipal District
PEC Prince Edward County
RFAC Regional Forest Advisory Committee, Whitecourt
SARDA Smoky Applied Research and Demonstration Association

Lesser Slave Lake Sustainable Development Study_Ganna Samoylenko

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