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The concept of the household
- 1. The Concept of the Household: From Survey Design to Policy Planning Ernestina Coast (LSE) Tiziana Leone (LSE) Sara Randall (UCL) Funded by ESRC
- 5. We are not….. Redefining the definition of the household
- 10. Do household definitions matter?
- 11. Tanzanian example: language and the household “ So when we , at NBS (in mid 1970s) when we sent and we discussed this in meetings and we said well, we now have to look for a word in Kiswahili – there were suggestions - more than one – as usual. We said, wel,l we have the National Kiswahili Council and we have the Dept of Kiswahili at UDSM. We shall send them the definition of the household as we know it from the UN. Now we shall ask them to suggest what is it the Kiswahili equivalent that would fit that UN definition, that long thing, and we shall suggest that meetings have suggested that it should probably be this or that but maybe there may be some others, and they also came up with the kaya. Kaya is the arrangement that best suits that definition of the household from the UN.” (Senior retired Tanzanian Statistician/Demographer)
- 14. A clue: households in European surveys Household definition usually ‘up to respondent’ GGS: "R is supposed to mention the members of his/her household without any further explanation. If R doubts about whether to include a certain person among the household members or not, consider the following definition….”. FFS: "The definition of a "household" is largely up to the respondent. In case there is any discussion about this, a household is a person or a group of persons who usually live(s) and eat(s) together”.
- 18. I Based on your experience in Tanzania how would you define a household? R A household? [laughs all round] 6 persons. [more laughter] I And then what do you base that on? R Well it’s the government that says when you buy a CHF card it’s for 6 persons …Community Health Fund, the payment scheme. How to define a household? People who eat from the same kitchen. That’s what I would say . From European embassy Do household definitions matter?
- 23. STATISTICAL HOUSEHOLDS 1 X MARRIED COUPLE 1 X FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLD
- 25. An example from 2007 fieldwork in Tanzania = Steven Victoria
- 26. An example from 2007 fieldwork in Tanzania = Steven Victoria Ernest Judy (13) Joy Mary Anna
- 27. An example from 2007 fieldwork in Tanzania = Steven Victoria Ernest Judy (13) Joy Mary Anna 1 Male headed household 6 adults and 9 children Dependency ratio =1.5 Maria (13)
- 28. An example from 2007 fieldwork in Tanzania = Steven Victoria Ernest Judy (13) Joy Mary Anna 1 Male headed household 4 adults and 9 children Dependency ratio =2.25 Maria (13) Eating out of same pot (Consumption unit)
- 29. An example from 2007 fieldwork in Longido = Steven Victoria Ernest Judy (13) Joy Mary Anna 1 Male headed household 6 adults and 9 children Dependency ratio =1.5 Maria (13) Maasai 3 households: 1 male & 2 female headed 3 adults + 6 children (DR= 2) 1 woman+2 children (DR=2) 1 woman + 2 children (DR=2) Sleeping last night (census)
Editor's Notes
- Eating together: always mentioned post 1980 and usually before Common housekeeping – often Living together: sometimes – but usually with various caveats – often unclear Answerable to one head: comes in mainly after 1990s. Heads exist before then – but mainly for recording or relationships. The actual responsibility / control is fairly recent
- Servants / lodgers: early years – to be included in hh (was de facto) more recently – when have evoked issue of answering / recognising a household head – ask if they do and if not then separate hh also more recently – argue that would create heterogeneity within household in terms of household economy and sharing of resources Absent household head: de facto – so shouldn’t be included BUT then problem about k’s relationships because become unworkable. ALSO undermines definition – because people do not recognise person recorded as head as the head Polygamy: many have examples of how should be recorded. As de facto – usually man recorded where spent last night Several manuals / reports state that they have made a simplified definition because of aim of getting everyone once and once only. AND want simplicity of fieldwork Ethiopia 1984 says specifically ‘in the census a household is comprised of…) Kenya 1962 It was recognized that this definition, like most definitions of household, ignored some of the difficulties that would arise but it was preferred to a more elaborate set of instructions and exceptions which might merely confuse enumerators .”