The document summarizes the hierarchy of criminal and civil courts in India. For criminal courts, it lists the various classes from highest to lowest as the Supreme Court, High Courts, Courts of Session, Judicial Magistrates of the First Class/Metropolitan Magistrates, Judicial Magistrates of the Second Class, and Executive Magistrates. It then briefly describes the jurisdiction of subordinate criminal courts, noting a Sessions Judge can sentence up to life imprisonment while lower courts can sentence for fewer years or fine smaller amounts. For civil courts, it outlines they deal with non-criminal cases and judges have different powers than criminal courts. It also summarizes the different types of jurisdiction and then the hierarchy from District Courts down to Munsifs

1. SANTOSH SITARAM THORAT
ROLL NO.97 FYLLB
Subject:- Legal languge,
Hirarachy of courts in civil cases in
India
Hirarachy of courts in criminal cases in
India

4. What are the various classes of Criminal
Courts in India?
 The various classes of criminal courts in India are:

 Supreme Court
 High Courts
 The Courts of Session
 The Judicial Magistrates of the First Class, and, in any metropolitan area;
the Metropolitan Magistrates.
 The Judicial Magistrates of the Second Class
 The Executive Magistrates

5. Describe in brief, the Jurisdiction of
Subordinate criminal courts in India.
 ssions Judge is the highest Criminal Court in the district. As the District Judge also
functions as the Sessions Judge, he is known as the District and Sessions Judge. It may
pass any sentence authorized by provisions of law, but a death sentence, passed by it, has
to be confirmed by the High Court.
 An Assistant Sessions Judge has the power to sentence a person to 10 years
imprisonment.
 A First Class Magistrate can pass a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding five years or
a fine not exceeding one thousand rupees.
 A Second Class Magistrate can pass a sentence of imprisonment up to one year or a fine
of up to Rs. 1000/.

6. Civil Courts Powers, Functions & Hierarchy
 Civil courts deal with civil cases. Civil law is referred to in almost all cases other than
criminal cases.
 Civil law is applied in disputes when one person sues another person or entity. Examples of
civil cases include divorce, eviction, consumer problems, debt or bankruptcy, etc.
 Judges in civil courts and criminal courts have different powers. While a judge in a criminal
court can punish the convicted person by sending him/her to jail, a judge in a civil court can
make the guilty pay fines, etc.

7. Civil Court Jurisdiction
 have four types of jurisdiction:

 Subject Matter Jurisdiction: It can try cases of a particular type and relate
to a particular subject.
 Territorial Jurisdiction: It can try cases within its geographical limit, and not
beyond the territory.
 Pecuniary Jurisdiction: Cases related to money matters, suits of monetary
value.
 Appellate Jurisdiction: This is the authority of a court to hear appeals or
review a case that has already been decided by a lower court. The
Supreme Court and the High Courts have appellate jurisdiction to hear
cases that were decided by a lower court.

8. Civil Courts Hierarchy
The Civil Courts are of three grades. The Court of the District Judge is at the top and is located at the district
headquarters.
It has the power of superintendence over the courts under its control and exercises both judicial and
administrative powers. He has both original and appellate jurisdictions. Cases of amount beyond a specified
value can come straight to his court. He can also hear appeals from lower courts.
Under the district courts, there are the other two Civil Courts which are subordinate to the Court of the District
Judge are-
the Court of Subordinate Judges and Additional Subordinate Judges and
the Courts of Munsifs and Additional Munsifs.
A dispute involving property or amount which is not valued more than two thousand rupees comes within the
jurisdiction of the Munsif Court. Most civil cases are filed in the Munsif’s court. There is appeal from the Munsif
Court to the Court of the Sub-Judge or to the Court of the Additional Sub-Judge.
Against the judgement of the Court of Sub¬Judge or the Court of Additional Sub-Judge, one can appeal to the
Court of District Judge. District Judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class and Civil
Judge (Junior Division) are at the bottom of the judicial hierarchy in India.
The High Court can entertain appeals against the judgement of the Court of the District Judge.

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