This document discusses violence against women and provides information on several related topics:
1. It defines different types of violence against women including physical, sexual, psychological, and financial abuse.
2. Contributing factors to domestic violence are discussed such as cultural norms, economic dependence, legal issues, and political underrepresentation of women.
3. The health consequences of violence can be both short and long-term, impacting women's physical, mental, and reproductive health.
4. Children who witness domestic violence also suffer negative impacts including behavioral and health issues that can persist into adulthood.
5. Comprehensive approaches are needed to address this issue through prevention, legal reforms, services for survivors,
Domestic violence refers to abusive behaviors used by one partner to gain power over the other. Globally, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men experience physical violence from an intimate partner. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 43% of women report gender-based violence, and in Uganda 56% of married women report physical or sexual violence by a husband. Domestic violence can take many forms including physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and digital abuse. The causes are complex but include power dynamics, sociocultural factors, substance abuse, and psychological issues. Supporting victims requires providing resources, safe spaces, and encouraging help-seeking through community education.
Presentation by Chris Jennings, Disability Project Worker from Women's Domestic Violence Crisis Service. This presentation was delivered to DVRCV's 'Sowing the seeds of change' forum for and by women with disabilities.
This document provides information on managing gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC). It defines key terms like GBV, VAC, gender, sex, and discusses types of GBV like physical, sexual, psychological violence and types of VAC like physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. It also covers causes of GBV and VAC, effects on survivors and society, values governing service provision, screening tools to identify survivors, how to assess, treat and counsel survivors, and collect forensic evidence. The learning objectives are to understand GBV and VAC, how to support survivors, and provide comprehensive care.
Domestic violence occurs in all societies and affects people from all backgrounds. It can take many forms including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and economic abuse. Laws have been enacted to help protect victims, especially women who represent the majority of victims. However, domestic violence often goes unreported due to social stigmas. Raising awareness and providing support to all victims is important to address this issue.
The document discusses gender-based violence against adolescent girls, with a focus on sexual violence. It defines gender-based violence and lists factors that perpetuate violence, including socio-cultural, economic, political, and legal factors. It then defines and provides examples of different types of physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological abuse against girls. The consequences of sexual violence are also outlined, such as sexually transmitted diseases, injuries, and psychological impacts. Trafficking of women and girls is also discussed.
This presentation provides information on gender based violence (GBV) to empower community health workers. The objectives are to define gender terms, describe the context of GBV, and understand power relations. It outlines forms of GBV such as sexual, physical, and psychological violence. The core causes are identified as gender inequity, abuse of power, and lack of human rights. Contributing factors include culture, poverty, alcohol/drug abuse, and illiteracy. Ways to help survivors include listening, believing without judgment, offering safe environments, and providing emotional support.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak out causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through fear of isolation and punishment.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak up causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through threats to victims and their families.
Domestic violence refers to abusive behaviors used by one partner to gain power over the other. Globally, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men experience physical violence from an intimate partner. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 43% of women report gender-based violence, and in Uganda 56% of married women report physical or sexual violence by a husband. Domestic violence can take many forms including physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and digital abuse. The causes are complex but include power dynamics, sociocultural factors, substance abuse, and psychological issues. Supporting victims requires providing resources, safe spaces, and encouraging help-seeking through community education.
Presentation by Chris Jennings, Disability Project Worker from Women's Domestic Violence Crisis Service. This presentation was delivered to DVRCV's 'Sowing the seeds of change' forum for and by women with disabilities.
This document provides information on managing gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC). It defines key terms like GBV, VAC, gender, sex, and discusses types of GBV like physical, sexual, psychological violence and types of VAC like physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. It also covers causes of GBV and VAC, effects on survivors and society, values governing service provision, screening tools to identify survivors, how to assess, treat and counsel survivors, and collect forensic evidence. The learning objectives are to understand GBV and VAC, how to support survivors, and provide comprehensive care.
Domestic violence occurs in all societies and affects people from all backgrounds. It can take many forms including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and economic abuse. Laws have been enacted to help protect victims, especially women who represent the majority of victims. However, domestic violence often goes unreported due to social stigmas. Raising awareness and providing support to all victims is important to address this issue.
The document discusses gender-based violence against adolescent girls, with a focus on sexual violence. It defines gender-based violence and lists factors that perpetuate violence, including socio-cultural, economic, political, and legal factors. It then defines and provides examples of different types of physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological abuse against girls. The consequences of sexual violence are also outlined, such as sexually transmitted diseases, injuries, and psychological impacts. Trafficking of women and girls is also discussed.
This presentation provides information on gender based violence (GBV) to empower community health workers. The objectives are to define gender terms, describe the context of GBV, and understand power relations. It outlines forms of GBV such as sexual, physical, and psychological violence. The core causes are identified as gender inequity, abuse of power, and lack of human rights. Contributing factors include culture, poverty, alcohol/drug abuse, and illiteracy. Ways to help survivors include listening, believing without judgment, offering safe environments, and providing emotional support.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak out causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through fear of isolation and punishment.
A woman from Bangladesh describes her hesitation to protest domestic violence due to social consequences. She fears being blamed by her community for not enduring the violence silently. This lack of ability to speak up causes her great mental anguish. Domestic violence prevents women's empowerment by enforcing social norms through threats to victims and their families.
This document discusses different types of abuse against women including physical, psychological, social, and the impact on health. Physical abuse involves using physical force that causes harm. Psychological abuse diminishes identity, dignity and self-worth through actions like humiliation and isolation. Social abuse cuts women off from support systems. Abuse has serious short and long term health consequences including injuries, mental health issues, and increased risks for sexual and reproductive health problems. Prevention requires a multi-sectoral approach including empowering women, ensuring services, reducing poverty, and transforming social norms. The health sector plays an important role in advocacy, screening and treatment, and promoting healthy relationships.
To acknowledge that Sexual abuse is common
It is also frequent in men , which is left under reported
To identify and counter the patient’s negative cognitions
To improve the patients Social Support .
Group therapy or other support by women who have faced similar abuse may be helpful.
Mandatory reporting of all cases of sexual abuse is necessary to help to stop the further abuse.
GBV is a widespread human rights abuse that affects women and girls' physical and mental well-being. It takes many forms including sexual violence, physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, and harmful traditional practices. The document discusses the definition, scope, health impacts, and social costs of GBV. It also covers risk factors, response strategies, and challenges in addressing GBV from legal, health, community, and individual perspectives.
The document discusses domestic violence, defining it as a pattern of abusive behaviors in intimate relationships involving physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and financial abuse. It notes that domestic violence is a crime and that most victims are women. It provides details on different types of domestic abuse and discusses India's Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005, which aims to protect women from domestic violence and provides various legal remedies and support services.
This document provides an overview of gender-based violence (GBV). It defines gender and GBV, describes the types and consequences of GBV. GBV affects women's physical and mental health, as well as communities. Contributing factors include poverty, alcohol, and history of abuse. The cycle of abuse involves tension building, a violent episode, and calm. Prevention requires changing social norms, health care provider training, and legal/policy reforms. Comprehensive prevention addresses issues before, during and after violence occurs.
The document discusses several prevalent social evils in India, including female foeticide, dowry, child abuse, and human trafficking. It provides definitions and background on these issues, describing causes such as son preference and the dowry system, as well as effects like increased violence and declining sex ratios. The document also outlines measures that can help prevent these problems, such as legal actions, awareness campaigns, educating communities, and increasing rights and opportunities for women and girls. In conclusion, it emphasizes that while laws exist, eliminating social evils requires participation across society through education and collective effort.
This document discusses victimization of women and children in India. It defines victimization as one person being made a victim through physical or psychological harm by another through acts like assault, murder, or rape. Women and children are particularly susceptible to victimization due to unequal power dynamics and rigid gender roles. Common crimes against women and children in India include female foeticide, domestic violence, dowry-related abuse, child marriage, sexual offenses, and human trafficking. The document outlines the legal protections available and concludes that while victims now have greater access to justice, more needs to be done to prevent victimization altogether.
Social issues-affecting-community-health-nursing-anuradha sharma
This document discusses several major social issues in India including poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to water/sanitation, illiteracy, child abuse, women abuse, elderly abuse, female foeticide, empowerment of women, commercial sex work, food adulteration, crime, and substance abuse. It provides definitions and statistics related to these issues and discusses factors contributing to them as well as potential solutions and prevention strategies.
1) Violence against women is prevalent across cultures and socioeconomic groups, with 1 in 4 women experiencing violence and intimate partner violence being the primary cause of physical harm against women.
2) Women often stay in abusive relationships due to love, financial dependence, or lack of support systems. Childhood abuse increases risk of abuse as an adult.
3) In addition to physical and sexual abuse, women face psychological abuse, harassment, murder by partners, and social consequences like loss of community. Preventing future abuse requires education and legal protections, as well as support for victims.
This document discusses several major social issues including child abuse, women abuse, elderly abuse, female foeticide, commercial sex work, women empowerment, food adulteration, crime, substance abuse. It provides definitions and statistics for each issue, and discusses causes and solutions. Key problems are poverty, lack of access to resources, gender inequality, lack of education and social support systems. Prevention requires education, empowerment, legislation, access to resources and rehabilitation programs.
The document discusses various topics related to violence and trauma, including:
1) SAMHSA addresses trauma as a behavioral health concern requiring recovery processes. Trauma is widespread and harmful. It impacts individuals, families, and communities.
2) The document defines different types of violence and trauma, including domestic violence, child abuse, gender violence, and sexual violence. It discusses the physical, emotional, and psychological impacts of trauma.
3) The long-term effects of trauma are explored, including increased risks of mental and physical health issues. Survivors of trauma often experience symptoms like depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and relationship problems.
This document provides information on gender-based violence (GBV) risks for enumerators conducting displacement tracking matrix (DTM) assessments. It defines GBV and differentiates between sex and gender. GBV is rooted in gender inequalities and can be exacerbated by emergencies through new threats, lack of privacy, and shifts in power dynamics. While DTM enumerators are not responsible for direct GBV response, they should avoid creating additional risks and know how to refer survivors to specialized services. Mainstreaming GBV involves applying minimum standards to prevent harm.
The document provides information on domestic violence including definitions, prevalence, causes, effects, and interventions. It defines domestic violence and family violence under Texas law. It notes that around 1 in 3 women worldwide experience domestic violence in their lifetime. Risk factors include substance abuse, witnessing domestic violence as a child, and separation from an abusive partner. Domestic violence has serious negative effects on victims and children such as physical and psychological harm. Interventions discussed include protective orders, battered women's shelters, and perpetrator treatment programs.
Domestic violence is characterized by abusive behavior intended to gain power and control over an intimate partner or family member. It can include physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological abuse. Witnessing domestic violence as a child is the strongest risk factor for continuing the cycle of violence as an adult. Resources for victims include national hotlines and local women's shelters that provide crisis intervention and long-term support services.
this is an act / omission done directly or indirectly to violate the right of older adult. this may be negligence, financial, material, sexual exploitation, that impact negatively on their physical, social and mental health
Violence is a widespread public health issue that affects people of all ages directly and indirectly. It occurs in various forms including interpersonal violence like domestic abuse and sexual assault. Community violence such as gang violence, hate crimes and terrorism also have profound impacts. Risk factors include poverty, substance abuse, media influence and access to firearms. While the causes are complex, addressing social determinants and advocating for policies to curb different types of violence can help promote public safety and well-being.
العناية بالطفل هي عملية شاملة تهدف إلى تلبية احتياجات الطفل الجسدية والعاطفية والاجتماعية والعقلية. إن العناية الجيدة بالطفل تلعب دورًا حاسمًا في تطويره ونموه الصحيح وسعادته العامة. فيما يلي وصف طويل لبعض جوانب العناية بالطفل:
1. الرعاية الجسدية:
- التغذية: يجب توفير تغذية صحية للطفل، سواء من خلال الرضاعة الطبيعية أو الرضاعة الصناعية. ينصح بالرضاعة الطبيعية حديث الولادة، ويجب تقديم الأطعمة الصلبة المناسبة حسب العمر عندما يكون الطفل جاهزًا لها.
- النوم: يحتاج الطفل إلى نوم كافٍ لتطوير جهازه العصبي واستعادة طاقته. ينصح بتوفير بيئة هادئة ومريحة للنوم وتحديد جدول زمني منتظم للنوم.
- النظافة: يتطلب الطفل النظافة اليومية، بما في ذلك الاستحمام المنتظم وتنظيف الأذنين والأنف والأظافر بلطف. كما يجب تجنب التعرض المفرط للمواد الكيميائية المهيجة لبشرته.
2. العناية العاطفية:
- التواصل والتفاعل: يجب توفير بيئة داعمة وحنونة للطفل، والتفاعل المستمر معه من خلال الابتسامات والعناق واللمس اللطيف. يعزز هذا الاتصال العاطفي الرابطة بين الطفل والوالدين أو المربين.
- اللعب: يعتبر اللعب وسيلة مهمة لتعزيز تطور الطفل العقلي والجسدي. يجب توفير اللعب المناسب لعمره والاشتراك معه في الأنشطة الترالعناية الاجتماعية:
التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
العناية العقلية:
التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
القراءة والقصص: يعد القراءة للطفل من أهم الأنشطة التي تساهم في تطوير الذكاء والخيال والمهارات اللغوية. ينبغي قراءة القصص المناسبة لعمره والتفاعل معه خلال القراءة.
التعليم المبكر: يمكن بدء تعليم الطفل المبكر عن طريق تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعليمية ملائمة لعمره، مما يساعده على تطوير المهارات الأساسية مثل العد وال
3. العناية الاجتماعية:
- التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
- تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
- السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
4. العناية العقلية:
- التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
- القراءة والقصص: يعد ا
Global issues such as climate change, pandemics, and poverty are interlinked and require cooperation among nations to solve. Each issue affects large numbers of people across borders and concerns most countries. No single government has the power to impose solutions, and market forces alone will not be enough. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior used to gain power and control over an intimate partner. It is a social issue with historical roots and causes like control issues, jealousy, and traditional beliefs about gender roles. The impacts of domestic violence are wide-ranging from low self-esteem to physical harm. Many countries now have laws and acts against domestic violence to uphold civilians' rights.
The role of men in addressing sexual violence Hadley Muchela
The document discusses gender-based violence, specifically sexual violence, from a Christian perspective. It defines key terms like gender and sex, and provides statistics on the prevalence of sexual violence in various countries. It also examines the types, causes, and consequences of sexual violence, including physical, mental health, and reproductive impacts. The document explores myths around sexual violence and the profile of abusers. It suggests that Christian men have a role to play in eradicating sexual violence.
This document discusses gender-based violence against adolescent girls with a focus on sexual violence. It defines gender-based violence according to the UN and outlines various socio-cultural, economic, political, legal, and psychological factors that perpetuate such violence. It then describes different types of violence girls may face, including physical, emotional, sexual and trafficking. It outlines signs and consequences of physical and sexual abuse and trafficking of girls. Finally, it discusses addressing the problem through strengthening institutional and legal systems, increasing support services for victims, and the role of NGOs.
This document discusses different types of abuse against women including physical, psychological, social, and the impact on health. Physical abuse involves using physical force that causes harm. Psychological abuse diminishes identity, dignity and self-worth through actions like humiliation and isolation. Social abuse cuts women off from support systems. Abuse has serious short and long term health consequences including injuries, mental health issues, and increased risks for sexual and reproductive health problems. Prevention requires a multi-sectoral approach including empowering women, ensuring services, reducing poverty, and transforming social norms. The health sector plays an important role in advocacy, screening and treatment, and promoting healthy relationships.
To acknowledge that Sexual abuse is common
It is also frequent in men , which is left under reported
To identify and counter the patient’s negative cognitions
To improve the patients Social Support .
Group therapy or other support by women who have faced similar abuse may be helpful.
Mandatory reporting of all cases of sexual abuse is necessary to help to stop the further abuse.
GBV is a widespread human rights abuse that affects women and girls' physical and mental well-being. It takes many forms including sexual violence, physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, and harmful traditional practices. The document discusses the definition, scope, health impacts, and social costs of GBV. It also covers risk factors, response strategies, and challenges in addressing GBV from legal, health, community, and individual perspectives.
The document discusses domestic violence, defining it as a pattern of abusive behaviors in intimate relationships involving physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and financial abuse. It notes that domestic violence is a crime and that most victims are women. It provides details on different types of domestic abuse and discusses India's Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005, which aims to protect women from domestic violence and provides various legal remedies and support services.
This document provides an overview of gender-based violence (GBV). It defines gender and GBV, describes the types and consequences of GBV. GBV affects women's physical and mental health, as well as communities. Contributing factors include poverty, alcohol, and history of abuse. The cycle of abuse involves tension building, a violent episode, and calm. Prevention requires changing social norms, health care provider training, and legal/policy reforms. Comprehensive prevention addresses issues before, during and after violence occurs.
The document discusses several prevalent social evils in India, including female foeticide, dowry, child abuse, and human trafficking. It provides definitions and background on these issues, describing causes such as son preference and the dowry system, as well as effects like increased violence and declining sex ratios. The document also outlines measures that can help prevent these problems, such as legal actions, awareness campaigns, educating communities, and increasing rights and opportunities for women and girls. In conclusion, it emphasizes that while laws exist, eliminating social evils requires participation across society through education and collective effort.
This document discusses victimization of women and children in India. It defines victimization as one person being made a victim through physical or psychological harm by another through acts like assault, murder, or rape. Women and children are particularly susceptible to victimization due to unequal power dynamics and rigid gender roles. Common crimes against women and children in India include female foeticide, domestic violence, dowry-related abuse, child marriage, sexual offenses, and human trafficking. The document outlines the legal protections available and concludes that while victims now have greater access to justice, more needs to be done to prevent victimization altogether.
Social issues-affecting-community-health-nursing-anuradha sharma
This document discusses several major social issues in India including poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to water/sanitation, illiteracy, child abuse, women abuse, elderly abuse, female foeticide, empowerment of women, commercial sex work, food adulteration, crime, and substance abuse. It provides definitions and statistics related to these issues and discusses factors contributing to them as well as potential solutions and prevention strategies.
1) Violence against women is prevalent across cultures and socioeconomic groups, with 1 in 4 women experiencing violence and intimate partner violence being the primary cause of physical harm against women.
2) Women often stay in abusive relationships due to love, financial dependence, or lack of support systems. Childhood abuse increases risk of abuse as an adult.
3) In addition to physical and sexual abuse, women face psychological abuse, harassment, murder by partners, and social consequences like loss of community. Preventing future abuse requires education and legal protections, as well as support for victims.
This document discusses several major social issues including child abuse, women abuse, elderly abuse, female foeticide, commercial sex work, women empowerment, food adulteration, crime, substance abuse. It provides definitions and statistics for each issue, and discusses causes and solutions. Key problems are poverty, lack of access to resources, gender inequality, lack of education and social support systems. Prevention requires education, empowerment, legislation, access to resources and rehabilitation programs.
The document discusses various topics related to violence and trauma, including:
1) SAMHSA addresses trauma as a behavioral health concern requiring recovery processes. Trauma is widespread and harmful. It impacts individuals, families, and communities.
2) The document defines different types of violence and trauma, including domestic violence, child abuse, gender violence, and sexual violence. It discusses the physical, emotional, and psychological impacts of trauma.
3) The long-term effects of trauma are explored, including increased risks of mental and physical health issues. Survivors of trauma often experience symptoms like depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and relationship problems.
This document provides information on gender-based violence (GBV) risks for enumerators conducting displacement tracking matrix (DTM) assessments. It defines GBV and differentiates between sex and gender. GBV is rooted in gender inequalities and can be exacerbated by emergencies through new threats, lack of privacy, and shifts in power dynamics. While DTM enumerators are not responsible for direct GBV response, they should avoid creating additional risks and know how to refer survivors to specialized services. Mainstreaming GBV involves applying minimum standards to prevent harm.
The document provides information on domestic violence including definitions, prevalence, causes, effects, and interventions. It defines domestic violence and family violence under Texas law. It notes that around 1 in 3 women worldwide experience domestic violence in their lifetime. Risk factors include substance abuse, witnessing domestic violence as a child, and separation from an abusive partner. Domestic violence has serious negative effects on victims and children such as physical and psychological harm. Interventions discussed include protective orders, battered women's shelters, and perpetrator treatment programs.
Domestic violence is characterized by abusive behavior intended to gain power and control over an intimate partner or family member. It can include physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological abuse. Witnessing domestic violence as a child is the strongest risk factor for continuing the cycle of violence as an adult. Resources for victims include national hotlines and local women's shelters that provide crisis intervention and long-term support services.
this is an act / omission done directly or indirectly to violate the right of older adult. this may be negligence, financial, material, sexual exploitation, that impact negatively on their physical, social and mental health
Violence is a widespread public health issue that affects people of all ages directly and indirectly. It occurs in various forms including interpersonal violence like domestic abuse and sexual assault. Community violence such as gang violence, hate crimes and terrorism also have profound impacts. Risk factors include poverty, substance abuse, media influence and access to firearms. While the causes are complex, addressing social determinants and advocating for policies to curb different types of violence can help promote public safety and well-being.
العناية بالطفل هي عملية شاملة تهدف إلى تلبية احتياجات الطفل الجسدية والعاطفية والاجتماعية والعقلية. إن العناية الجيدة بالطفل تلعب دورًا حاسمًا في تطويره ونموه الصحيح وسعادته العامة. فيما يلي وصف طويل لبعض جوانب العناية بالطفل:
1. الرعاية الجسدية:
- التغذية: يجب توفير تغذية صحية للطفل، سواء من خلال الرضاعة الطبيعية أو الرضاعة الصناعية. ينصح بالرضاعة الطبيعية حديث الولادة، ويجب تقديم الأطعمة الصلبة المناسبة حسب العمر عندما يكون الطفل جاهزًا لها.
- النوم: يحتاج الطفل إلى نوم كافٍ لتطوير جهازه العصبي واستعادة طاقته. ينصح بتوفير بيئة هادئة ومريحة للنوم وتحديد جدول زمني منتظم للنوم.
- النظافة: يتطلب الطفل النظافة اليومية، بما في ذلك الاستحمام المنتظم وتنظيف الأذنين والأنف والأظافر بلطف. كما يجب تجنب التعرض المفرط للمواد الكيميائية المهيجة لبشرته.
2. العناية العاطفية:
- التواصل والتفاعل: يجب توفير بيئة داعمة وحنونة للطفل، والتفاعل المستمر معه من خلال الابتسامات والعناق واللمس اللطيف. يعزز هذا الاتصال العاطفي الرابطة بين الطفل والوالدين أو المربين.
- اللعب: يعتبر اللعب وسيلة مهمة لتعزيز تطور الطفل العقلي والجسدي. يجب توفير اللعب المناسب لعمره والاشتراك معه في الأنشطة الترالعناية الاجتماعية:
التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
العناية العقلية:
التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
القراءة والقصص: يعد القراءة للطفل من أهم الأنشطة التي تساهم في تطوير الذكاء والخيال والمهارات اللغوية. ينبغي قراءة القصص المناسبة لعمره والتفاعل معه خلال القراءة.
التعليم المبكر: يمكن بدء تعليم الطفل المبكر عن طريق تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعليمية ملائمة لعمره، مما يساعده على تطوير المهارات الأساسية مثل العد وال
3. العناية الاجتماعية:
- التواصل الاجتماعي: يحتاج الطفل إلى التفاعل مع العالم الخارجي والتعرف على المجتمع من حوله. يجب تشجيع الطفل على التواصل مع أفراد الأسرة والأصدقاء والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية المناسبة لعمره.
- تطوير المهارات الاجتماعية: ينبغي تشجيع الطفل على تطوير مهارات التواصل والتعاون والتفاعل مع الآخرين. يمكن تحقيق ذلك من خلال اللعب الجماعي والمشاركة في الأنشطة الاجتماعية.
- السلامة والحماية: يجب توفير بيئة آمنة للطفل، مع تأمين المنازل والأثاث لتجنب الحوادث. كما يجب تعليم الطفل بعض المفاهيم الأساسية للسلامة، مثل عدم لمس الأشياء الساخنة وعدم الاقتراب من الأشياء الخطرة.
4. العناية العقلية:
- التحفيز العقلي: ينبغي توفير بيئة غنية بالتحفيز الحسي والعقلي لتطوير قدرات الطفل العقلية. يمكن ذلك من خلال تقديم ألعاب وأنشطة تعزز التفكير الإبداعي والمنطقي والتنمية الحركية.
- القراءة والقصص: يعد ا
Global issues such as climate change, pandemics, and poverty are interlinked and require cooperation among nations to solve. Each issue affects large numbers of people across borders and concerns most countries. No single government has the power to impose solutions, and market forces alone will not be enough. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior used to gain power and control over an intimate partner. It is a social issue with historical roots and causes like control issues, jealousy, and traditional beliefs about gender roles. The impacts of domestic violence are wide-ranging from low self-esteem to physical harm. Many countries now have laws and acts against domestic violence to uphold civilians' rights.
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The document discusses gender-based violence, specifically sexual violence, from a Christian perspective. It defines key terms like gender and sex, and provides statistics on the prevalence of sexual violence in various countries. It also examines the types, causes, and consequences of sexual violence, including physical, mental health, and reproductive impacts. The document explores myths around sexual violence and the profile of abusers. It suggests that Christian men have a role to play in eradicating sexual violence.
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2. Facts about violence against women
Types of violence against women
Cycle of Violence
Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence
Health consequences of violence
Impact of Domestic violence on Children
What can we do???
Situation in Palestine ????
2
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4. The intentional use of physical force or power, against
oneself, another person, or against a group or
community, that either results in or has a high likelihood
of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-
development or deprivation.
4
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5. 5
• “ any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is
likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm
or suffering to women, including threats of such act,
coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether
occurring in public or in private life.”.
The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
against Women (1993)
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6. Understanding the extent and consequeses of VAW is important
on multiple levels : legislation, policies and programs.
UN members ….. Collect data from different places regarding the
different type of violence
.
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7. Violence is widely prevalent and is an
underlying cause of injury and ill health
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9. Violence affects all women regardless of culture, socio-
economic status, ethnicity, ability, age, occupation or
sexual orientation
Violence is a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality for women
9
Significance of the Problem
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10. Violence against women and girls is one of the most systematic and
widespread human rights violations:
Worldwide, more than 700 million women alive today were married
as children. Of those women, more than 1 in 3—or some 250
million—were married before the age of 15.
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11. About 70% of all human trafficking victims detected
globally are women and girls.
At least 200 million women and girls alive today
have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting
in 30 countries.
Around 120 million girls worldwide (over 1 in 10)
have experienced forced intercourse or other
forced sexual.
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12. 1)Physical violence
– Including threats of violence, hitting, slapping,
punching, kicking, burning, cutting or otherwise
harming the body. with fists or weapons, with or
without physical injury
2)Sexual violence
Any form of non-consensual or forced sexual
activity or inappropriate/unwanted touching,
including rape, assault, forced prostitution, incest,
female genital mutilation, sexual harassment, etc.
Types of violence
12
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13. 3) Psychological or emotional abuse
• Insults, humiliation, put-downs and yelling, and extreme
jealousy(often unfounded) ,verbal abuse, threats, control,
constant criticism, intimidation, humiliation, etc
• These are not crimes under the Criminal Code.
4) Financial abuse (economic abuse / material exploitation)
• Restricting access to family resources, inheritance or
employment opportunities, overwork, denial of
ownership of property, withholding or taking away
earnings, denial of inheritance, withholding education,
unequal pay, not being allowed to work, etc
• Financial abuse is not a crime under the Criminal
Code, unless threat, fraud, coercion is used
Types of violence
13
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14. 5) Spousal abuse
Intimate partner violence
Physical or sexual violence or psychological or financial
abuse within current or former marital or common-
law relationships.
It includes: physical aggression, psychological abuse,
forced intercourse and other forms of sexual coercion,
various controlling behaviors.
(Krug, Mercy, Dahlberg, & Zwi, 2002)
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15. 15
• Often linked to
physical abuse
• Withholding
resources, stealing
from the victim, or
using the victim's
name to incur debt
• Use of the victims emotions to
control them - can be through
verbal communication
(threats/insults/criticisms) or non
verbal (isolation/humiliation)
• Use of physical force against
another person in a way that
ends up injuring the person, or
puts the person at risk of
injury.
Physical
Emotional/
Psychological
Sexual
Financial
(Descriptions inspired by Women's’ Refuge website content, 2016).
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16. 1. Cultural factors:
Notion of the family as the private sphere and under male
control
Customs of marriage (bride price/dowry)
Acceptability of violence as a means to resolve conflict
Cultural definitions of appropriate sex roles
Belief in the inherent superiority of males
Values that give men proprietary rights over women and girls
16
Gender inequality
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17. 2. Economic factors
women’s economic dependence on men;
limited access to cash and credit;
discriminatory laws regarding inheritance, property
rights, use of communal lands and maintenance after
divorce or widowhood;
limited access to employment in formal and informal
sectors;
limited access to education and training for women.
17
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18. 3. legal factors
written law and/or by practice; laws regarding divorce,
child custody, maintenance and inheritance.
legal definitions of rape and domestic abuse.
low levels of legal literacy among women.
18
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19. 4. political factors
under-representation of women in power, politics, the media
the legal and medical professions.
notions of family being a private sphere and beyond control of
the state.
risk of challenge to status quo/religious laws; limited
organization of women as a political force .
and limited participation of women in organized political
system
19
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20. 6. Although alcohol and poverty are often identified as
causes, they are triggers or contributing factors to violence.
They are not the root cause of violence
7. increased risk of experiencing intimate partner and sexual
violence include : low education, exposure to violence
between parents, abuse during childhood, attitudes
accepting violence
20
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21. 21
• poor financial resources
• few job skills
• less education
• few friends
• history of childhood abuse
• low self-esteem
• guilt
• self-blame
• denial
• Traditional women’s roles
• have children
• Woman stay with the partner for the sake of the children or the
sake of the family bond.
• Financial instability forces
• Family and social suppression
• Lake of resources or community support
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22. low self-esteem
dependency
jealousy
poor communication skills
unemployed/underemployed
abuse alcohol/other drugs
have witnessed or experienced abuse as children
If immigrants, are more likely to have been
victims of political violence
abuse their own children
22
Common Characteristics of Abuser
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23. Dynamics of Power and Control
• Controlling behaviour usually starts gradually often with
subtle forms of isolation
• May be jealous, possessive and alternately demanding and
then charming leaving the individual confused and
uncertain, thinking that abuse is their fault
• Progresses to constant fault finding
• Escalates to more frequent episodes and can include overt
physical violence and sexual abuse
23
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24. violence is not associated with an underlying medical condition. The
cycle of abuse has three phases.
1. Tension building.
◦ Tension is increased.
◦ Breakdown of communication
◦ Victim becomes fearful and feels the need to pacify the abuser.
2. Incident.
◦ Verbal, physical, threats, blaming.
3. Reconciliation.
◦ Abuser apologizes, gives excuses, blames victim, says it wasn't as
bad as the victim claims , gifts…etc
4. Calm
◦ Incident is forgotten (“Honeymoon” phase)
24
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26. The impact of violence ranges from immediate to long
term physical, sexual and mental health consequences
for women and girls, including death.
It also has tremendous personal, societal and economic
costs all around the globe: from greater health care and
legal expenses to productivity losses
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28. Fetal loss
Low-birth-weight infants
Preterm birth
Lack of control over reproductive decision making
STD’s & HIV/AIDS
vaginal bleeding or infection, genital irritation
Unplanned pregnancies
JOGC, April 2005.
28
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29. Can begin or increase due to:
• Jealous nature of the abuser with the growing fetus that begins to
occupy more the woman’s time and attention
• Other family members becoming more attentive
• Abuser may feel a loss of power and control
• Woman’s unavailability for sex
• Some women report that violence diminishes or stops while
pregnant therefore causing them to become pregnant more
frequently.
Universal Screening for Domestic Violence, AWHONN, 2004
29
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30. Posttraumatic stress disorder
Sleep disturbance
Eroded Self esteem
Phobias
Depression
Substance Abuse
Anxiety
Suicide
Long-term effects on children (increased smoking, drug and
alcohol misuse, and risky sexual behaviors in later life)
JOGC, April 2005.
30
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31. Women Denial.
◦ The victim refuses to admit… she may call each incident an “Accident”.
Guilt.
◦ She new acknowledges there’s a problem, but considers herself responsible
for it.
Enlightenment.
◦ She no longer assumes responsibility for her husband’s abusive
behavior/treatment. She recognizes that she does not deserve to be beaten.
Responsibility.
◦ Accepts that her husband will not and cannot stop his violent behavior. The
battered woman decides she will no longer submit to it and starts a new life.
31
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32. International studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and
5–10% of men report being victims of sexual violence as children.
Children are most vulnerable to domestic violence done on their
mothers.
They may feel angry, guilty, insecure, alone, frightened,
powerless or confused.
They may have ambivalent feelings towards both the abuser and
the non-abusing parent.
32
on Children
Impact of Domestic violence
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33. Childhood Violence and Adult Health
Felitti et al, 1998; Anda et al, 2006
Anxiety x 2.4
Severe obesity x 1.9
Alcoholism x 7.2
Illicit drug use x 4.5
Current smoker x 1.8
Perpetrating partner violence x 8.8
Any cancer x 1.9
• Abuse (Physical, sexual, emotional)
• Neglect (Physical, emotional)
• Household Dysfunction (mother treated violently, substance
abuse, mental illness, parental separation / divorce,
incarcerated household member
33
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34. The social and economic costs of intimate partner and
sexual violence are enormous and have ripple effects
throughout society.
Women may suffer isolation, inability to work, loss of
wages, lack of participation in regular activities and
limited ability to care for themselves and their children.
34
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35. Direct costs: value of goods and services used in treating or
preventing violence ( Medical - Police - Criminal justice
system - Housing - Social services)
Non-monetary costs: pain and suffering - Increased morbidity
- Increased mortality via homicide and suicide - Abuse of
alcohol and drugs - Depressive disorders
35
1.6 million people die each year through violence
Estimated economic cost of $151 billion
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36. 1. A comprehensive approach is needed, involving a wide
range of stakeholders. It must cover the development of laws
and policies, prevention of violence before it happens and
access to essential services for survivors, as well as include
data collection and research.
2. Social mobilisation is also necessary to change social norms
and behaviours, including men and boys, traditional and
religious leaders, private sector and other relevant
stakeholders.
11/15/2022 36
37. 3. Awareness-raising campaigns on the extent and impact of
violence are an important component of prevention efforts. They
need to be complemented with educational programmes and
community mobilization to generate sustained results.
3. Increasing women's participation in political processes has shown
to result in better legislative outcomes for women and a more
responsive state.
4. Additionally, perhaps the greatest indicator of strong legislation
on ending violence against women has been correlated with the
existence of a strong women's civil society movement.
37
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38. UN entities continue to support the Member States of the UN
to further advance the global legal and policy framework in
addressing violence against women and girls.
The UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women, which is
managed by UN Women on behalf of the UN System,
provides support to innovative approaches to stem and prevent
the pandemic of violence. Since its inception, the fund has
provided grants to 426 initiatives in 136 countries, amounting
to a total of USD 116 million.
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39. While most men do not use violence against women, when
violence does occur it is largely perpetrated by men
Men have a positive role to play in helping stop violence against
women
39
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40. Victim identification, care and support programmes
• Screening and referral
Identifying and supporting victims of violence
• Advocacy support
Support and guidance to victims, e.g. counselling,
education, legal aid.
• Psychosocial interventions
Treat emotional & behavioural problems linked to
victimisation.
• Protection orders
Prohibit perpetrators from further abusing their
victims
40
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41. There are a growing number of well-designed studies looking
at the effectiveness of prevention and response programmes
More resources are needed to strengthen the prevention of and
response to intimate partner and sexual violence, including
primary prevention, i.e. stopping it from happening in the first
place.
Regarding primary prevention, there is some evidence from
high-income countries that school-based programmes to
prevent violence within dating relationships have shown
effectiveness
41
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42. Support her by acknowledging the problem
Affirm that the abusive behaviour is not acceptable
Assist her to gain access to community resources
Help her to identify options
Assist her to develop an escape plan
(Youngkin & Davis, 2004)
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43. Blame the victim
Question her in front of the abuser
Minimize, deny or trivialize what she says
Confront the abuser
Suggest joint counselling
Alienate her by criticizing her partner
Criticize a woman who chooses to stay
RNAO, March 2005.
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45. 23.3% of women who had ever been married reported that they
had been exposed to physical violence,
61.7% to psychological violence, and 10% to sexual violence
(PCBS,2011).
Approximately 15 % of married women in Gaza experienced incidents
of sexual abuse by husbands over the previous year. More than half
of these experienced it repeatedly
50 % of Palestinian women and 63% of Palestinian men agreed that a
woman should tolerate violence to keep the family together.
(UN- WOMEN in plaestine 2018)
In 2010, ICHR documented nine women who had been killed
under the pretext of "family honour“.
45
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46. The most common types of VAW in Palestine include:
domestic violence
sexual harassment
early marriage and femicide
public and private spheres including streets,workplaces,
homes and high-density areas such as refugee camps,
particularly in Gaza.
(UN- WOMEN in plaestine 2018)
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47. The outdated and discriminatory laws in
Palestine hinder survivors of violence from
accessing gender-responsive services and
obtaining justice. In addition, survivors of
violence often face social stigma, and are
blamed as responsible for the violence
occurred to them.
(UN- WOMEN in plaestine 2018)
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49. 49
To achieve lasting change, it is important to enact legislation and
develop policies that:
address discrimination against women;
promote gender equality;
support women; and
help to move towards more peaceful cultural norms
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50. 1. To adopt the concept of combating VAW into the ministry’s vision
and mission, and to translate the concept into one of the
ministry’s strategic goals.
2. To introduce special manuals and curricula on how to deal with
VAW in medicine and public health schools and colleges.
3. To set out documented mechanisms that explain how to deal with
VAW cases in health centers, including the reception, referral and
follow-up of VAW cases.
4. To build a database on VAW cases received in health centers
5. To include special sections in health centers for receiving VAW
cases in order to maintain confidentiality and safety.
6. To train staff on the mechanisms of documenting reports of VAW
in which psychological harm is included.
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52. Globally, how prevalent is physical and sexual
intimate partner violence and/or sexual violence by
a non-partner?
A. 1 in 6 women experience this
B. 1 in 4 women experience this
C. 1 in 3 women experience this
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54. 11/15/2022
Childhood experiences of violence can be a risk
factor to perpetrate and/or experience violence
as an adult
A. True
B. False
54
55. Research shows that men who experience abuse and neglect
or have witnessed family violence in their childhood are
more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence and
studies also show that women who experience or have
witnessed family violence in their childhood are at increased
risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. The data
suggest that violence is a learned behavior.
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57. 11/15/2022
Harmful gender norms stigmatize women who are raped by
blaming them. However, perpetration of rape is about men’s
abuse of power and of domination over women. Norms that
blame women for being raped must change and perpetrators
must be held accountable for their actions. Norms must also
make it unacceptable for men to abuse power and dominate
women.
An exhibition “What she
wore” showing clothing of
women and girls who have
experienced sexual
violence.
Women are never to blame.
57
58. 11/15/2022
Health care providers cannot offer anything for
women experiencing violence true/false
A. True
B. False
58
59. 11/15/2022
Women who are abused are more likely to seek health
services than those who are not, even if they don’t explicitly
disclose such violence. Therefore health services are an
important entry point for women experiencing violence to
access health care and psychological support and referrals that
they need.
59
60. 11/15/2022
These 7 strategies are effective for preventing
violence against women:
◦ R –relationship skills strengthened
◦ E –empowerment of women
◦ S –services ensured
◦ P –poverty reduced
◦ E –environments made safe
◦ C –child and adolescent abuse prevented
◦ T –transformed attitudes, beliefs, and norms
A. True
B. False
60
61. 11/15/2022
Violence against women is preventable. Increasing
evidence on what works to prevent violence against
women shows that these 7 strategies are important to
successful programming to end violence against women
61