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Learning to program with Alice 2nd ed Edition Dann
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Dann, Wanda; Pausch, Randy; Cooper, Stephen Charles
ISBN(s): 9780132085168, 013208516X
Edition: 2nd ed
File Details: PDF, 15.85 MB
Year: 2008
Language: english
Learning to Program with Alice
This page intentionally left blank
Learning
to Program
with Alice
Second Edition
Wanda P. Dann
Carnegie Mellon University
Stephen Cooper
Saint Joseph’s University
Randy Pausch
Carnegie Mellon University
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dann, Wanda.
Learning to program with Alice / Wanda Dann, Stephen Cooper, Randy Pausch.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-208516-8
ISBN-10: 0-13-208516-X
1. Alice (Computer program language) 2. Object-oriented programming
(Computer science)—Computer-assisted instruction—Computer programs.
3. Object-oriented programming (Computer science)—Study and teaching
(Middle school)—Computer programs. 4. Computer animation—Computer
programs. 5. Three-dimensional display systems—Computer programs.
I. Cooper, Stephen (Stephen Charles) II. Pausch, Randy. III. Title.
QA76.64.D36 2008
005.1’17—dc22
2008019973
Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Marketing Manager: Erin Davis
Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger Marketing Assistant: Mack Patterson
Editorial Assistant: Melinda Haggerty Art Director: Kenny Beck
Director of Team-Based Project Management: Vince O’Brien Cover Designer: Kristine Carney
Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Cover Image: © Girts Gailans/Alamy
Production Liaison: Jane Bonnell Art Editor: Greg Dulles
Production Editor: Kate Boilard, Media Project Manager: John M. Cassar
Pine Tree Composition, Inc. Full-Service Project Management/Composition:
Manufacturing Manager: Alan Fischer Pine Tree Composition, Inc./Laserwords,
Manufacturing Buyer: Lisa McDowell Pte. Ltd.–Chennai
Printer/Binder: Webcrafters, Inc.
The Alice Software System is © by Carnegie Mellon University.
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and
publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should
be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department.
Pearson Education Ltd., London
Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd.
Pearson Education Canada, Inc.
Pearson Education—Japan
Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited
Pearson Education North Asia, Ltd., Hong Kong
Pearson Educación de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd.
Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-208516-8
ISBN-10: 0-13-208516-X
To Brian, Tracy, Wendy, Jerry, Noah, and Elaina
Wanda Dann
To Sandi, Jeanna, and Alicia
Stephen Cooper
To Jai, Dylan, Logan, and Chloe
Randy Pausch
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Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Authors xxiii
Part I: Introduction to Alice 1
1 Getting Started with Alice 3
1-1 Introduction to Alice 3
1-2 Alice Concepts 8
■ Tips & Techniques 1: Special Effects: Text and 2D Graphic Images 15
■ Summary 18
■ Exercises 19
2 Program Design and Implementation 22
2-1 Scenarios and Storyboards 22
2-2 A First Program 29
■ Tips & Techniques 2: Orientation and Movement Instructions 43
■ Summary 57
■ Exercises 58
3 Programming: Putting Together the Pieces 62
3-1 Built-in Functions and Expressions 63
3-2 Simple Control Structures 68
■ Tips & Techniques 3: Camera and Animation Controls 77
■ Summary 81
■ Exercises 83
Part II: Object-Oriented and Event-Driven Programming
Concepts 87
4 Classes, Objects, Methods and Parameters 89
4-1 World-Level Methods 91
4-2 Parameters 100
4-3 Class-Level Methods and Inheritance 110
■ Tips & Techniques 4: Visible and Invisible Objects 121
■ Summary 127
■ Exercises and Projects 129
vii
viii Contents
5 Interaction: Events and Event Handling 140
5-1 Interactive Programming 140
5-2 Parameters and Event Handling Methods 147
■ Tips & Techniques 5: Creating Your Own People Models 156
■ Summary 158
■ Exercises and Projects 159
Part III: Using Functions and Control Statements 169
6 Functions and If/Else 171
6-1 Functions 171
6-2 Execution Control with If/Else and Boolean Functions 178
■ Tips & Techniques 6: Random Numbers and Random Motion 191
■ Summary 194
■ Exercises and Projects 196
7 Repetition: Definite and Conditional Loops 208
7-1 Loops 208
7-2 While—a Conditional Loop 214
■ Tips & Techniques 7: Events and Repetition 220
■ Summary 222
■ Exercises and Projects 224
8 Repetition: Recursion 231
8-1 Introduction to Recursion 231
8-2 Another Flavor of Recursion 236
■ Tips & Techniques 8: Engineering Look and Feel 246
■ Summary 249
■ Exercises and Projects 250
Part IV: Advanced Topics 257
9 Lists and List Processing 259
9-1 Lists 259
9-2 List Search 265
■ Tips & Techniques 9: Poses 269
■ Summary 270
■ Exercises and Projects 271
10 Variables and Revisiting Inheritance 277
10-1 Variables 277
10-2 An Array Visualization Using an Index Variable 288
■ Tips & Techniques 10: Debugging with Watch and Text Output 296
■ Summary 300
■ Exercises and Projects 301
11 What’s Next? 306
Contents ix
Appendix
Appendix A Using Alice 311
Part 1: Running Virtual Worlds in Alice 311
Part 2: Using Popup Menus to Create an Initial Scene 325
Appendix B Managing the Alice Interface 330
Index 345
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Foreword
Introductory programming has always been a frustrating course for many students, and recent
attempts to include object-oriented programming in the first semester have only compounded
an already difficult learning experience. This is especially worrisome when recent surveys
show a 23 percent decline in the number of CS majors. We simply can’t afford to discourage
students by needlessly frustrating them in their first exposure to computing.
The Alice system represents a breakthrough in teaching object-oriented computing: in
Alice, objects are easily visible, because they are reified as three-dimensional humans, animals,
furniture, etc. The state of Alice objects is changed via method calls such as “move forward one
meter” or “turn left a quarter turn”—these messages are easily and intuitively understood by
students. Computation is displayed via animations of these state changes: one can hardly
imagine a more visceral way to express the notion of embodying state in an object and using
computation to change that state. One of Alice’s real strengths is that it has been able to make
abstract concepts concrete in the eyes of first-time programmers.
Any good teacher knows that if a student is not motivated to learn, all the pedagogy and
technique in the world won’t help: students learn best when they are internally motivated.
While we can create that motivation via rewards and punishments (i.e., “grades”), the Alice
system uses a purer form of motivation: it bases programming in the activity of storytelling,
which is universally compelling: as we say in Los Angeles, “everybody wants to direct.”
By using 3D graphics as the authoring medium, the Alice system speaks directly to a
generation raised on videogames and Pixar’s films; the authors leverage that by using
“storyboarding” as a metaphor for computer program design—storyboarding being one of the
few “design activities” that can be immediately understood by a college freshman.
Coupled with the high-level concepts such as reifying objects, the Alice system provides
a well-engineered drag-and-drop user interface, inspired by the Squeak system’s editor, that
allows students to drag program components around the screen and guarantees that the student
cannot make a syntax error.
One could make the argument that Alice is one of the most novel systems to hit
introductory computing in the last twenty years—and it’s arriving just in time!
ALAN KAY
Dr. Kay is one of the earliest pioneers of object-oriented programming, personal
computing and graphical user interfaces. His contributions have been recognized with the
Charles Stark Draper Prize of the National Academy of Engineering (with Robert Taylor, Butler
Lampson, and Charles Thacker), the A.M. Turing Award from the Association of Computing
Machinery, and the Kyoto Prize from the Inamori Foundation.
xi
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Preface
“ what is the use of a book,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversation?”
This book and the associated Alice system take an innovative approach to introductory
programming. There have been relatively few innovations in the teaching of programming in
the last 30 years, even though such courses are often extremely frustrating to students. The
goal of our innovative approach is to allow traditional programming concepts to be more easily
taught and more readily understood. The Alice system is free and is available at www.alice.org.
What should a programming course teach?
While many people have strong opinions on this topic, we feel there is a strong consensus that
a student in a programming course should learn the following:
• Algorithmic thinking and expression: being able to read and write in a formal language.
• Abstraction: learning how to communicate complex ideas simply and to decompose
problems logically.
• Appreciation of elegance: realizing that although there are many ways to solve a prob-
lem, some are inherently better than others.
What is different about our approach?
Our approach allows students to author on-screen movies and games, in which the concept of an
“object” is made tangible and visible. In Alice, on-screen objects populate a 3D micro world.
Students create programs by dragging and dropping program elements (if/then statements,
loops, variables, etc.) in a mouse-based editor that prohibits syntax errors. TheAlice system pro-
vides a powerful, modern programming environment that supports methods, functions, vari-
ables, parameters, recursion, arrays, and events. We use this strong visual environment to
support either an objects-first or an objects-early approach (described in the ACM and IEEE-CS
Computing Curricula 2001 report) with an early introduction to events. In Alice, every object is
an object that students can visibly see! We introduce objects in the very first chapter.
In our opinion, four primary obstacles to introductory programming must be overcome:
1. The fragile mechanics of program creation, particularly syntax The Alice editing
environment removes the frustration of syntax errors in program creation and allows
students to develop an intuition for syntax, because every time a program element is
dragged into the editor, all valid “drop targets” are highlighted.
2. The inability to see the results of computation as the program runs Although tex-
tual debuggers and variable watchers are better than nothing, the Alice approach makes
the state of the program inherently visible. In a sense, we offload the mental effort from
the student’s cognitive system to his or her perceptual system. It is much easier for a
student to see that an object has moved backward instead of forward than to notice that
the “sum” variable has been decremented, rather than incremented. Alice allows stu-
dents to see how their animated programs run, affording an easy relationship of the pro-
gram construct to the animation action. Today’s students are immersed in a world where
interactive, three-dimensional graphics are commonplace; we try to leverage that fact
without pandering to them.
Á
xiii
xiv Preface
3. The lack of motivation for programming Many students take introductory program-
ming courses only because they are required to do so. Nothing will ever be more moti-
vating than a stellar teacher, but the right environment can go a long way. In pilot
studies of classes using Alice, students do more optional exercises and are more likely
to take a second class in programming than control groups of students using traditional
tools. The most common request we received regarding earlier versions of Alice was to
be able to share creations with peers; we have added the ability to run Alice programs in
a World Wide Web browser so students can post them on their Web pages. Although we
have seen increased motivation for all students, we have seen especially encouraging
results with underrepresented groups, especially female students.
4. The difficulty of understanding compound logic and learning design techniques The
Alice environment physically encourages the creation of small methods and functions.
More importantly, the analogy of making a movie allows us to utilize the concept of a
storyboard, which students recognize as an established movie-making process. We il-
lustrate design techniques using simple sketches and screen captures. Also, we encour-
age the use of textual storyboards, progressively refining them and essentially designing
with pseudocode.
How to use this text
Of course, as an instructor, you should use this text as you see fit! We list four ways we imagine
the book being used, but you may discover others:
As the only text in a short or semester-long course on programming. This would
allow students to build relatively complex (say, 300-line) programs by the end of the semester
or term. Such a course might be for non-majors who want to learn the concepts behind
programming without needing to transition to a real-world language. Alternatively, this course
can be used as a pre-CS1 course for students who might like to major in computing but lack
previous programming experience. In our NSF-supported study (NSF-0126833), we found that
students who jump right into a rigorous CS1 course with little or no previous programming have
an extremely high attrition rate. The use of Alice in a pre-CS1 course has significantly reduced
attrition for these students in our CS1 courses.
As the first portion of a traditional “Introduction to Programming” course, such as
CS1. Both Seymour Papert’s Logo and Rich Pattis’s Karel the Robot have been used this way,
and these systems have inspired us greatly. Unlike these systems, Alice is powerful enough to
support students for several semesters (for example, seniors majoring in computer science at
Carnegie Mellon routinely write 3,000-line programs in Alice). However, many introductory
programming courses must both teach concepts and also prepare students to write programs in
traditional languages, such as Java. By learning Alice first, students become acquainted with
the fundamental concepts of programming, and can quickly learn the specific syntax rules of
a particular “real” language as a transition. The Alice environment can ease the transition by
displaying programs with a Java-like syntax, as shown in Figure P-1-1.
As the programming component of a “Computer Literacy” course. At many schools,
computer literacy courses attempt to give non-majors a broad introduction to computers and/or
“information technology.” Many of these courses have removed their programming component
and are little more than extended laboratories on “office productivity tools” such as spreadsheets
and word processors. Alice has the potential to return a gentle programming component to
computer literacy courses.
In a high school “Introduction to Programming” course. A course in Alice has great
potential for a high school environment, where a high-interest, highly motivating environment
is a teacher’s best friend. This book could be used as part of a stand-alone course or as
preparation for the College AP computing course.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
*If I Had My Way. 1945.
*If My Mother Could See Me Now. 1942.
*If There Were Girls Like You in the Army. 1941.
*If You Build a Better Mousetrap. 1942.
*If You Can't Smile and Say Yes. 1944.
*If You Ever Come to Texas. 1946.
*If You Only Knew. 1946.
*If You Treat Me to a Hug. 1943.
*I'll Be Glad When You're Dead You Rascal, You. 1942.
*I'll Be Seeing You. 1944.
*I'll Meet You Down by the Old Pig Pen. 1945.
*I'll Never Get Married Again. 1945.
*I'll Never Love Another Gal. 1941.
*I'll Remember April. 1945.
*I'll See You in My Dreams. 1946.
*I'll Take Her Back. 1944.
*I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen. 1942.
*I'll Write Right Home to You. 1942.
*I'm a Big Girl Now. 1946.
*I'm a Good Good Woman. 1944.
*I'm a Sailor. 1944.
*I'm a Shy Guy. 1943.
*I'm an Old Cowhand. 1941.
*I'm an Old Fashioned Guy. 1942.
*I'm Beginning To See the Light. 1945.
*I'm Coming, Virginia. 1942.
*I'm Goin' Back to Whur I Come From. 1944.
*I'm Gonna Love That Guy. 1945.
*I'm Gonna Swing My Way up to Heaven. 1941.
*I'm Homesick That's All. 1945.
*I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So. 1946.
*I'm Just Wild About Harry. 1941.
I'm Learning To Speak English. 1946.
*I'm Looking for a Guy. 1942.
*I'm Looking Out the Window. 1941.
*I'm Making Believe. 1945.
*I'm Mighty Proud of That Old Gang of Mine. 1944.
*I'm Nobody's Baby. 1941.
*I'm Not That Way. 1946.
*I'm Secretary to the Sultan. 1944.
*I'm Stepping Out with a Memory Tonight. 1941.
*I'm the Sound Effects Man. 1942.
*I'm Tired. 1944.
*I'm Tired of Waiting for You. 1942.
*Imagine. 1944.
*Imua Ailuni. 1943.
*In All This World. 1943.
*In an Eighteenth Century Drawing Room. 1941.
*In Love with a Song. 1941.
*In Old Mexico. 1945.
*In Old Shanty Town. 1943.
*In the Gloaming. 1945.
*In the Good Old Summertime. 1941.
*In the Mood. 1942.
*In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree. 1946.
*Indian Rhapsody. 1945.
*Indiana Barn Dance. 1946.
*Indiana Hay Ride. 1942.
*Ingenue Blues. 1943.
*Injun Gal. 1945.
*International Revue. 1943.
*Iowa. 1945.
*Irish Washerwoman. 1941.
*Is It Love, or Is It Conscription. 1941.
*Is You Is or Is You Ain't, My Baby. 1944.
Island Melody. 1946.
*Isn't That Just Like Love. 1941.
*It All Comes Back to Me Now. 1941.
*It Can't Be Wrong. 1943.
*It Had To Be You. 1946.
*It Must Be Jelly. 1946.
*It Was Wonderful Then. 1941.
*It's a Great Day for the Irish. 1941, 1945.
*It's a Pity To Say Goodnight. 1946.
*It's a Sin To Tell a Lie. 1941, 1946.
*It's Been a Long Long Time. 1945.
*It's Love, Love, Love. 1944.
*It's Me, Oh Lord. 1945.
*It's Nothing New. 1943.
*It's the Same Old Shillelagh. 1941.
*I've Got a Heart Filled with Love. 1944.
*I've Got Sixpence. 1943.
*I've Got To Be a Rug Cutter. 1945.
*I've Got To Get Hot. 1942.
*Ja Da. 1942.
*Jack and Jill. 1942.
*Jack, You're Playing the Game. 1941.
*Jackpot. 1943.
*Jam Session. 1942.
*Jammin' in the Panoram. 1942.
*Java Jive. 1941, 1943.
*Jazz Etude. 1941.
*Jazzy Joe. 1941.
*Jealous. 1942.
*Jeannie with the Light Brown Hair. 1941.
*Jerk McGurk from Albuquerque. 1941.
*Jersey Bounce. 1942.
*Jesse James. 1945.
*Jim. 1941.
*Jingle, Jangle, Jingle. 1942.
*Jittarumba. 1942.
*Jitterbug Senorita. 1941.
*Jive Comes to the Jungle. 1942.
*Jive, Little Gypsy, Jive. 1941.
*Jive, Little Indians. 1941.
*Jiveroo. 1943.
*Jivers' Holiday. 1942.
*Joe and Charlie's Coffee Pot. 1941.
*Joe. Joe. 1946.
*Jog Along. 1946.
*Johnny Doughboy Found a Rose In Ireland. 1942.
*Johnny Peddler. 1941.
*Johnny Zero. 1943.
*Joint Is Jumpin'. 1941.
*Jolly Good Fellows. 1941.
*Jolly Joe. 1943.
*Jonah. 1945.
*Jonah and the Whale. 1944.
*Jordan Jive. 1944.
*Jose Gonzales. 1945.
*Jose O'Neill, the Cuban Heel. 1941.
*Joseph 'n His Brudders. 1945.
*Josephine. 1945.
*Juanita. 1945.
*Juke Box Boogie. 1944.
*Juke Box Joe's. 1944.
*Juke Box Saturday Night. 1944.
*Julie O'Dooley. 1945.
*Jump Children. 1946.
*Jump Fever. 1942.
*Jump In. 1942.
*Jumpin' at the Jubilee. 1944.
*Jumpin' at the Juke Box. 1943.
*Jumpin' Jack from Hackensack. 1943.
*Jumpin' Jive. 1941.
*Jumping Bean. 1943.
*June Comes Around Every Year. 1945.
*Jungle Jamboree. 1943.
*Jungle Jig. 1941.
*Jungle Jump. 1944.
*Junior. 1946.
*Just a Girl That Men Forgot. 1942.
*Just a Little Bit South of North Carolina. 1941.
*Just a Little Fond Affection. 1946.
*Just a Prayer Away. 1945.
*Just A-Sittin and A-Rockin'. 1945.
*Just As Tho You Were Here. 1942.
*Just One of Those Things. 1945.
*Just the Other Day. 1946.
*K. P. Serenade. 1942.
*Kazbek. 1944.
*Keep Smiling. 1943.
*Keep Waitin'. 1943.
*Kerry Dance. 1942.
*Kick Tricks. 1946.
*Kickin' My Love Around. 1945.
*King Kamehameha. 1944.
*Kiss Goodnight. 1945.
*Kiss the Boys Goodbye. 1941.
*Kitchy Kitchy Koo. 1945.
*Knife, a Fork and a Spoon. 1942.
*Knit One, Purl Two. 1942.
*Knock Me Out. 1945.
*Kona Moon. 1941.
*Lackadaisical Lady. 1941.
*Lady of Spain. 1944.
*Lady with Fans. 1942.
*Lady Wonderful. 1944.
*Laguna. 1946.
*Lalapaluza Lu. 1943.
*Lamp of Memory. 1942.
*Lamplight. 1941.
*Lamplighters Serenade. 1942.
La Paloma. 1946.
*Lass with the Delicate Air. 1944.
*Lasso and a Lass. 1943.
*Last Night's Gardenias. 1941.
*Last Round Up. 1943.
*Laugh, Laugh, Laugh. 1942.
*Lazy Lady. 1945.
*Lazy River. 1944.
*Lazybones. 1941.
*Leap Year Lena. 1943.
*Legs Ain't No Good. 1942.
*Let Me Love You Tonight. 1944.
*Let Me Off Uptown. 1942.
*Let's All Back the Attack. 1944.
*Let's All Be Americans. 1941.
*Let's Beat Out Some Love. 1943.
*Let's Do It. 1942.
*Let's Dream This One Out. 1941.
*Let's Get Away from It All. 1941, 1943.
*Let's Get Down to Business. 1943.
*Let's Get Lost. 1943.
*Let's Go. 1942.
*Let's Scuffle. 1942.
*Let's Talk It Over. 1943.
*'Leven Thirty Saturday Night. 1942.
*Liberty on Parade. 1943.
*Li'l Liza Jane. 1943.
*Lily, Hot from Chile. 1941.
*Linda Brown. 1943.
*Listen to the Mocking Bird. 1941, 1943.
*Little Brown Jug. 1941, 1943, 1945.
*Little Dutch Mill. 1942.
*Little Grey Home in the West. 1941.
*Little Jive Is Good for You. 1941.
*Little Nell. 1943.
*Little Town in the Ould Country Down. 1942.
*Little Usherette. 1943.
*Livin, Lovin, Laughin. 1942.
*Loads of Pretty Women. 1944.
*Loch Lomond. 1941.
*Lonesome Lover Blues. 1946.
*London Music Hall Melodies. 1943.
*Lonesome Road. 1941, 1943.
*Long and Short of It. 1943.
*Looking Back at It Now. 1943.
*Loretta. 1942.
*Louise. 1944.
*Love Grows on a White Oak Tree. 1944.
*Love Is a Song. 1942.
Love Makes the World Go 'Round. 1946.
*Love Marches On. 1941.
*Love Me a Little, Little. 1941.
*Love Me As I Am. 1941.
*Love Turns Winter to Spring. 1941.
*Lovely Hula Hands. 1944.
*Lover. 1941.
*Lover! Are You There. 1944.
*Lover Is Blue. 1946.
*Love's Gonna Be Rationed. 1943.
*Love's Own Sweet Song. 1941.
*Lovin' Up a Solid Breeze. 1943.
*Low Down Dog. 1944.
*Low Gravy. 1945.
*Low, Short and Squatty. 1946.
*Lucky Polka. 1944.
*Lullaby in Swing. 1942.
*Lullaby of Broadway. 1945.
*Lullaby of the Rain. 1943.
*Lulu. 1943.
*Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me. 1942.
*Mabel at the Beauty Target. 1942.
*Mabel, Mabel. 1946.
*MacArthur Is the Name. 1942.
*Machine Gun Butch. 1943.
*MacNamara's Band. 1941.
*Mad About Her Blues. 1946.
*Magic Carpet. 1942.
*Magic Is the Moonlight. 1945.
*Magic of Magnolias. 1942.
*Maharaja. 1943.
*Mailman Blues. 1942.
*Maka la Pua. 1943.
*Mama Don't Allow It. 1942.
*Mama Don't Want No Music. 1942.
*Mama, I Wanna Make Rhythm. 1943.
*Mama, I Want a Sweetheart. 1941.
*Mamae Eu Quero. 1941.
*Mame Is Me Flame. 1944.
*Man on the Ferry. 1943.
*Man on the Flying Trapeze. 1943.
*Man That's Groovy. 1943.
*Man with the Weird Beard. 1946.
*Manhattan. 1941.
*Manicero. 1945.
*Manuela Boy. 1944.
*Margie. 1942.
*Maria Elena. 1941, 1943.
*Marines' Hymn. 1941.
*Martins and the Coys. 1941.
*Mary Goes Round. 1941.
*Mary Had a Little Lamb. 1944.
*Mary Lee. 1946.
*Maui Chant. 1943.
*May I Have the Next Trance with You? 1942.
*Maybe. 1941.
*Meet Me Tonight in Dreamland. 1946.
*Meetin Time. 1943.
*Melody Parade. 1946.
*Melody Takes a Holiday. 1943.
*Memphis Blues. 1945.
*Merry-Go-Roundup. 1941.
*Mexicali Rose. 1944.
*Mexican Hat Dance. 1941.
*Mexican Jumping Bean. 1942.
*Mexican Melody. 1945.
*Mi España. 1943.
*Mi Linda Amor. 1943.
*Mi Rumba. 1941.
*Millenium Jump. 1946.
*Mindin' My Business. 1941.
*Minnie from Trinidad. 1942.
*Minnie, My Mountain Moocher. 1943.
*Minnie the Mermaid. 1942.
*Minnie the Moocher. 1942.
*Minstrel Memories. 1944.
*Minute Waltz. 1944.
*Miss Johnson Phoned Again. 1941.
*Miss Liberty. 1943.
*Miss You. 1942.
*Missouri. 1946.
*Mr. Jackson from Jacksonville. 1945.
*Mr. X Blues. 1945.
*Misterio. 1943.
*Mistletoe. 1946.
*Modern Design. 1942.
*Moitle from Toidy Toid and Toid. 1946.
*Molly Malone. 1941.
*Moon of Manakoora. 1945.
*Moon over Miami. 1946.
*Montana Plains. 1943, 1944.
*Moonlight Becomes You. 1942.
*Moonlight Cocktail. 1942.
*Moonlight Masquerade. 1942.
*Mop. 1946.
*Moscow Nights. 1945.
*Mother Machree. 1941.
*Mountain Dew. 1941.
*Move It Over. 1943.
*Music Shop. 1945.
*Musical Joke. 1943.
*Musical Movie Memories. 1943.
*Musical Stairs. 1944.
*My Baby Just Cares for Me. 1944.
*My Baby Knows Best. 1945.
*My Baby Said Yes. 1945.
*My Blue Heaven. 1945.
*My Bottle Is Dry. 1946.
*My Brother Jack. 1942.
*My Buddy. 1943.
*My Chickashay Gal. 1945.
*My Darling Clementine. 1942.
*My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time. 1945.
*My Favorite Song. 1942.
*My Fraternity Pin. 1941.
*My Gal Sal. 1941.
*My Girl Loves a Sailor. 1943.
*My Great, Great Grandfather. 1942.
*My Heart Tells Me. 1944.
*My Ideal. 1944.
*My Little Cousin. 1942.
*My Little Girl. 1941.
*My Little Grass Shack. 1941.
*My Lost Horizon. 1941.
*My Man. 1941.
*My, My, Ain't That Somethin'! 1944.
*My New Gown. 1944.
*My Old Flame. 1942.
*My Pin Up Guy. 1946.
*My Reverie. 1943.
*My Shawl. 1942.
*My Sister and I. 1943.
*My Sweet Eloise. 1942.
*My Wubba Dolly. 1944.
*Nadocky. 1942.
*Nautch Dance. 1945.
*Nautch Girl from Cuba. 1941.
*Navy Yard. 1943.
*Nellie Bly. 1943.
*Nellie Gray. 1944.
*Never Say Yes. 1944.
*Never Too Old To Swing. 1945.
*New Orleans Melodies. 1945.
*Night Is Young. 1941.
*Night Ride. 1941.
*Night Train to Memphis. 1944.
*Night We Met in Honomu. 1941, 1943.
*Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square. 1941.
*No Can Do. 1945.
*No, No, Baby. 1945.
*No One Ever Comes Around to My House. 1943.
*No Romance in Your Soul. 1942.
*No Vacancy. 1946.
*Noah. 1946.
*Nobody Knows. 1945.
*Nobody Makes a Pass at Me. 1942.
*Nola. 1944.
*Now. 1943.
*Number Ten Lullaby Lane. 1941.
*Oh, Dear—the County Fair. 1942.
*Oh, Frenchy. 1946.
*Oh Gee, Oh Gosh, Oh Golly I'm in Love. 1942.
*Oh, Johnny, Oh, Johnny, Oh! 1941.
*Oh Look! 1943.
*Oh! Look at Me Now. 1941.
*Oh, Marie! 1941, 1945.
*Oh Oh Uhm Uhm. 1945.
*Oh! Please Tell Me Darling. 1944.
*Oh, Susannah. 1941.
*Oh What it Seemed To Be. 1946.
Oh You Pretty Women. 1944.
*Oh-H-E-E My, My. 1945.
*Oira Polka. 1945.
*Ol' Man Mose. 1941.
*Old Apple Tree. 1941.
Old Chisholm Trail. 1946.
*Old Dan Tucker. 1946.
*Old Grey Mare. 1945.
*Old Hank. 1942.
*Old Macdonald Had a Farm. 1941.
*Old Man Mose. 1941.
*Old Mill Stream. 1943.
*Old Oaken Bucket. 1942, 1946.
*Old Square Dance Is Back Again. 1944.
*On a Sunday Afternoon. 1941.
*On a Typical Tropical Night. 1941.
*On Guard! 1941.
*On the Boulevard. 1946.
*On the Campus. 1941.
*On the House. 1946.
*On the Mall. 1941.
*On the Sunnyside. 1942.
*On Time. 1943.
*On to Victory. 1941.
*Once Over Lightly. 1941.
*One Dozen Roses. 1942.
*One I Love Belongs to Somebody Else. 1941.
*One Look at You. 1941, 1943.
*One Man Band. 1944.
*One Meat Ball. 1945.
*One-zy Two-zy. 1946.
*Oni Oni E. 1944.
*Only Yesterday. 1941.
*Ooh Ooh Georgie. 1943.
*Operatin' Rhythm. 1943.
*Opus 12 EEE. 1944.
*Orange Bowl Bounce. 1946.
*Organ Hop. 1945.
*Our Teacher. 1943.
*Our Waltz. 1946.
*Outline of Jitterbug History. 1942.
*Outskirts of the Town. 1942.
*Over There. 1943.
*Overnight. 1941.
*Ozzie Nelson Blues. 1943.
*Paddlin' Madeline Home. 1943.
*Paddy Callahan Has Joined the Army. 1942.
*Palm Tree Polka. 1946.
*Pan-Americonga. 1941.
*Papa Niccolini. 1942.
*Paper Doll. 1942.
*Parade of the Wooden Soldiers. 1943.
*Paradiddle Joe. 1941.
*Paradise Isles. 1943.
*Paran-Pan-Pan. 1941.
*Pardon Me but You Look Just like Margie. 1943.
*Paris Is Gay Again. 1944.
*Pass the Biscuits Mirandy. 1942.
*Passport to Heaven. 1944.
*Pastorale. 1946.
*Patience and Fortitude. 1946.
*Patty Cake, Baker Man. 1943.
*Pavanne. 1941.
*Pay Day Rolls Around. 1946.
*Peckin'. 1942.
*Peggy O'Neill. 1945.
*Pennsylvania Polka. 1942.
*Penny Arcade. 1942.
*Penthouse Party. 1944.
*Penthouse Serenade. 1941.
*Pepepeto. 1943.
*Perfect Powers Girl. 1941.
*Perfidia. 1941.
*Pete the Piper. 1941.
*Phil the Fluter's Ball. 1942.
*Piano Serenade. 1946.
*Pickle Puss. 1941.
*Pied Piper. 1944.
*Pig Foot Pete. 1945.
*Pig Meat Throws the Bull. 1945.
*Pin Marin. 1946.
*Pin-Up Polka. 1944.
*Pin-Ups on Parade. 1943.
*Pio Pio. 1943.
*Pioneers. 1943.
*Pipe Dreams. 1946.
*Pistol Packin' Mama. 1943.
*Pistol Packin' Papa. 1943.
*Plant a Little Garden in Your Own Back Yard. 1943.
*Play Time Polka. 1945.
*Playgirl Polka. 1946.
*Playing in the Park. 1945.
*Playmates. 1944.
*Please Take a Letter. 1941.
*Poeme. 1941.
*Poet and Peasant. 1945.
Poi My Boy. 1946.
*Poinciana. 1944.
*Polish Mazur. 1945.
*Polka Dot Polka. 1944.
*Polka Fun. 1944.
*Pollard Jump. 1946.
*Polonaise. 1945.
*Pop Goes the Weasel. 1942.
*Poppin' the Cork. 1943.
*Pop's Comin' Home. 1944.
*Prairie's Not So Far Away. 1945.
*Prancing in the Dark. 1943.
*Preacher and the Bear. 1945.
*Pretty Kitty Blue Eyes. 1944.
*Princess Papaya. 1945.
*Princess Poo-Poo-Ly. 1942.
*Priority Blues. 1942.
Prisoner of Love. 1946.
*Prof. Peabody's Banjo School. 1942.
*Prove It by the Things You Do. 1946.
*Public Nuisances. 1943.
*Pudgy Boy. 1942.
*Pumpa Pumpa. 1945.
*Pumpernickel Polka. 1943.
*Put Your Arms Around Me Honey. 1943.
*Put Your Little Foot Right Out. 1946.
*Put-Put-Put (Your Arms Around Me). 1942.
*Putting on the Dog. 1943.
*Quarry Road. 1943.
*Que Buena Es la Conga. 1943.
*Quick Watson, the Rhythm. 1943.
*Radio Parade. 1943.
*Ragtime Cowboy Joe. 1942.
*Rain on the Roof. 1941.
*Rancho Grande. 1942.
*Ration Blues. 1944.
*Ray Fabing's Versatile Ingenues. 1942.
*Red River Moon. 1945.
*Red River Valley. 1944.
*Reed Rapture. 1942.
*Reeling Cowboy Dance. 1944.
*Reynolds Riff. 1946.
*Rhapsody. 1943.
*Rhapsody of Love. 1944.
*Rhumba New York. 1943.
*Rhumba Rebop. 1946.
*Rhumba Serenade. 1941.
*Rhumba Specialty. 1943.
*Rhumba Swing. 1946.
*Rhumboogie. 1943.
Rhythm in a Riff. 1946.
*Rhythm in My Heart. 1943.
*Rhythm Mad. 1943.
*Rhythm of the Rhythm Band. 1943.
*Rhythm on the River. 1944.
*Rhythm Rhapsody. 1945.
*Rhythm Sam. 1946.
*Rhythmania. 1943.
*Rickety Rickshaw Man. 1944.
*Ride, Red, Ride. 1941.
*Ride On, Ride On. 1944.
*Ridin' Herd on a Cloud. 1944.
Ridin' the Red Caboose. 1942.
*Riff. 1943.
*Rigoletto. 1945.
*Rigoletto Blues. 1941.
*Rinka Tinka Man. 1944.
*Rio De Janeiro. 1945.
*Rip Tease. 1942.
*Rocco Blues. 1943.
*Rock It for Me. 1943.
*Rockabye Baby. 1943.
*Rockin' Chair. 1942.
*Roll 'Em. 1944.
*Rolleo Rollin' Along. 1942.
*Roller Crazy. 1946.
*Roly Poly. 1946.
*Romance. 1941.
*Romance Without Finance. 1945.
*Romeo Robin. 1944.
*Rose O'Day. 1942.
*Rose of No Man's Land. 1942.
*Rose of Tralee. 1941.
*Rosie the Riveter. 1943.
*Rosita. 1943.
*Rotary Swing. 1943.
*Rough and Tumble. 1945.
*Row That Rowboat. 1942.
*Ruff and Tuff. 1944.
*Rug Cutters Holiday. 1943.
*Rum and Coca Cola. 1945.
*Rumba Matumba. 1945.
Russian Guitars. 1946.
*Russian Peasant Dance. 1945.
*Russian Revels. 1943.
*Russian Rhapsody. 1943.
*Saddle Boy. 1943.
*Sadie Hawkins Day. 1942.
*Sailboat in the Sky. 1942.
*Sailor-Boy Joe. 1943.
*Sailor with the Navy Blue Eyes. 1942.
*Sailors Horn Pipe. 1945.
*St. James Infirmary. 1942.
*St. Louis Blues. 1941.
*Saints Come Marching In. 1943.
*Salome. 1943.
*Saloon. 1945.
*Same Old Story. 1941.
*San Antonio Rose. 1941.
*San Fernando Valley. 1944.
*San Salvador. 1942.
*Sandin' Joe. 1945.
*Santa Claus Is in the Dog House Now. 1945.
*Satchel Mouth Baby. 1946.
*Saturday Night (Is the Loneliest Night in the Week). 1945.
*Saturday Night in Our Home Town. 1945.
*Savage. 1946.
*Sawdust Canary. 1943.
*Say Si Si. 1941.
*Scarf Dance. 1946.
*Schoolhouse Jive. 1945.
*Scotch Boogie. 1945.
*Scrub Me Mama with a Boogie Beat. 1941.
*Season's the Reason. 1944.
*See the Birdies. 1944.
*See Whatcha Do. 1946.
*Seeing Is Believing. 1943.
*Semper Fidelis. 1943.
*Semper Paratus. 1944.
*Senorita. 1943.
*Sentimental Journey. 1945.
*Seven Beers with the Wrong Man. 1941.
*Seven Beers with the Wrong Woman. 1941.
*Seven Days a Week. 1946.
*Seven Years with the Wrong Woman. 1943.
*Sh! Sh! Somebody Blabbed. 1943.
*Shadrack. 1941.
*Shake My Hand. 1943.
*Shame on You. 1945.
*She Don't Wanna. 1942.
*She Is More To Be Pitied Than Censured. 1941.
*She Lived Next Door to a Firehouse. 1942.
*She Looks Cute in Her Bathing Suit. 1946.
*She Shall Have Music. 1943.
*Sheherezade. 1941.
*Sheik. 1942.
*Sheik of Araby. 1944.
*Shepherd Serenade. 1941.
*She's Crazy with the Heat. 1946.
*She's the McCoy. 1943.
*She's the Niece of Uncle Sam. 1944.
*She's Too Hot To Handle. 1944.
*Shhh, It's a Military Secret. 1942.
*Shine. 1942, 1944.
*Shine on Your Shoes. 1946.
*Sho Had a Wonderful Time. 1946.
*Shoeing the Mare. 1943.
*Shoeshiners and Headliners. 1941.
*Shoo Shoo Baby. 1944.
*Shoot the Rhythm to Me. 1943.
*Shout, Brother, Shout. 1946.
*Shout! Sister, Shout! 1941.
*Showbar Frolics. 1943.
*Showboat Melodies. 1943.
*Shrine of St. Cecilia. 1942.
*Shy Anne from Old Cheyenne. 1942.
*Shy Guy. 1946.
*Siboney. 1943.
*Side by Side. 1944.
*Side Show. 1945.
*Side Street. 1943.
*Sidewalks of New York. 1941.
*Siesta Fiesta. 1943.
*Silhouettes. 1943.
Silver Spurs. 1946.
*Silver Wings. 1942.
*Sing a Tropical Song. 1944.
*Sing and Swing. 1943.
*Sing, Sing, Sing. 1944.
*Singing About a Gal Who Married the Wrong Wrong Man. 1945.
*Singing Hills. 1941, 1943.
*Singing Lesson. 1941.
*Singing Telegram Song. 1941.
*Sinner Kissed an Angel. 1942.
*Sioux City Sue. 1946.
*Siss Boom Barbara Brown. 1942.
*Sittin' and Sunnin'. 1945.
*$64 Question. 1944.
*Sizzle with Sissle. 1946.
*Skating Revels. 1945.
*Skinnie Minnie. 1946.
*Skip to My Lou. 1941.
*Skunk Song. 1942.
*Skylark. 1942.
*Skyline Stomp. 1944.
*Slap Happy. 1945.
*Slap Your Hip Polka. 1944.
*Sleep Kentucky Babe. 1945.
*Sleepy Lagoon. 1942.
*Sleepy Time down South. 1942.
*Sleepytime Gal. 1944.
*Sleigh-Bell Serenade. 1942.
*Slender, Tender and Tall. 1943.
*Smiles. 1942, 1943.
*Snoqualomie Jo Jo. 1945.
*Snow Time Polka. 1945.
*So You're the One. 1941.
*Soldier Song. 1946.
*Soldier's Sweetheart. 1942.
*Solid Jive. 1946.
*Sombrerita Mia. 1943.
*Some Day. 1946.
*Some Day When the Clouds Roll By. 1945.
*Some of These Days. 1942.
*Somebody Else Is Taking My Place. 1942.
*Somebody Nobody Loves. 1942.
*Someone's Rocking My Dreamboat. 1942.
*Something To Write Home About. 1945.
*Sometimes. 1942.
*Somewhere in Old Hawaii. 1946.
*Somewhere in Old Wyoming. 1943.
*Song and a Dance. 1941.
*Song and Dance Man. 1943.
*Song of India. 1944.
*Song of the Sea. 1946.
*Sophisticated Hula. 1945.
*Soundies No. 2. 1941.
*Soundies No. 3. 1941.
*Soundies Song Parade. (Serial)
*South Sea Sadie. 1945.
*South Wind. 1942.
*Southern Comfort. 1946.
*Southern Scandal. 1946.
*Southland Swing. 1944.
*Sow Song. 1942.
*Sparkle Strut. 1945.
*Speaky-Spak-Spoke. 1942.
*Spicy and Spanish. 1944.
*Spin the Bottle. 1941.
*Spinning Ropes. 1946.
*Spinning Steps. 1945.
*Spirit of Boogie Woogie. 1942.
*Sports a la Mode. 1942.
*Spread a Bit of Sunshine. 1944.
*Stair-a-tone Revue. 1944.
*Stalingrad. 1944.
*Stamp the Polka Away. 1945.
*Stand Up for Your Rights. 1943.
*Stardust. 1941, 1945.
*Stars in Your Eyes. 1945.
*Steak and Potatoes. 1944.
*Stella Polka. 1945.
*Step Lively. 1943.
*Stepping Along. 1943.
*Stepping Fast. 1944.
*Sticks and Stones. 1943.
*Stone Cold Dead in the Market. 1946.
*Stop That Dancin' Up There. 1944.
*Stormy Weather. 1942.
*Story of Two Cigarettes. 1945.
*Strike Up the Band. 1941.
String of Pearls. 1942.
*Strip Polka. 1942.
*Strolling Thru the Park. 1943.
*Strum Fun. 1942.
*Struttin' to Sutton Place. 1942.
*Stuck with It. 1945.
*Study in Brown. 1944.
*Stuff Like That There. 1945.
*Stuff You Gotta Watch. 1945.
*Stupid Little Cupid. 1941.
Sugar Babe. 1946.
*Sugar Hill Masquerade. 1942.
*Sun Tan Strut. 1946.
*Super-Salesmen. 1941.
*Surprise Party. 1945.
*Surrender. 1946.
*Swamp Fire. 1945.
*Swanee Smiles. 1943.
*Swanee Swing. 1944.
*Sweet Adeline. 1941.
*Sweet and Lovely. 1945.
*Sweet Evalina. 1946.
*Sweet Kisses. 1943.
*Sweet Leilani. 1944.
*Sweet Lorraine. 1945.
*Sweet Onion Time. 1942.
*Sweet Potato Polka. 1945.
*Sweet Sue. 1945.
*Sweet Sue, Just You. 1946.
*Sweetheart-Darling. 1941.
*Sweetheart of All My Dreams. 1945.
*Sweetheart of Sigma Chi. 1941.
*Swing Cats Ball. 1943.
*Swing for Sale. 1941.
*Swing for Your Supper. 1941.
*Swing It, Mr. Schubert. 1942.
*Swing Rhumba. 1945.
*Swing, Shift, Swing. 1942.
*Swingeroo Circus. 1943.
*Swingin' at the Seance. 1941.
*Swingin' in the Groove. 1945.
*Swingin' on Nothin'. 1942.
*Swingin' Soldier Man. 1942.
*Swingin' with William. 1946.
*Swinging in a Harem. 1943.
*Swinging It the Kitchen Way. 1942.
*Swinging o' the Green. 1943.
*Swinging On a Star. 1944.
*Swinging the Blues. 1944.
*Swingomania. 1942.
*Swiss Frolics. 1943.
*Swiss Hilly Billy. 1943.
*T. G. Boogie Woogie. 1945.
*Tabby the Cat. 1945.
*Tabu. 1943, 1946.
*'Taint Yours. 1944.
*Take Back Your Gold. 1941.
*Take Everything. 1945.
*Take It. 1945.
*Take It and Git. 1946.
*Take It Easy. 1944.
*Take It Off. 1942.
*Take Me. 1942.
*Take Me Back, Baby. 1941.
*Take Me Back to My Boots and Saddle. 1941.
*Take Me Back to Tulsa. 1944.
*Take Me in Your Arms. 1945.
*Take Me Out to the Ball Game. 1941, 1945.
*Take My All. 1946.
*Take the "A" Train. 1941.
*Tale of Two Cities. 1941.
*Tampico. 1945.
*Tangerine. 1942.
Tantalizin'. 1946.
*Tap Happy. 1943.
*Tchaikowskiana. 1941.
*Tea on the Terrace. 1942.
*Ten Thousand Years Ago. 1945.
*Tenement Symphony. 1942.
*Termite's Love Song. 1942.
*Texas Home. 1945.
*Texas Strip. 1942.
*Thank Your Lucky Stars and Stripes. 1941.
*Thanks for the Boogie Ride. 1942.
*Thar She Comes! 1944.
*That Did It Marie. 1942.
*That Gal Salomay. 1941.
*That Man of Mine. 1946.
*That Night in Manhattan. 1942.
*That Ol' Ghost Train. 1942.
*That Rootin', Tootin', Shootin' Man from Texas. 1942.
*That Wonderful Worrisome Feeling. 1944.
*That's a Lotta Schicklgruber. 1943.
*That's All Brother, That's All. 1946.
*That's an Irish Lullaby. 1945.
*That's for Me. 1941.
*That's How I Spell Ireland. 1941.
*That's Ireland. 1943.
*That's My Weakness Now. 1941.
*That's the Hawaiian in Me. 1945.
*That's the Moon. 1942.
*That's What I Like About Swing (Corn). 1944.
*Then It Isn't Love. 1946.
*There Ain't a Town in Texas. 1945.
*There Are Eighty Eight Reasons Why. 1945.
*There Goes That Guitar. 1944.
*There I Go. 1941.
*There Is a Tavern in the Town. 1941.
*There is No Sunshine. 1945.
*There Must Be a Way. 1945.
*There Was a Little Girl. 1941.
*There Won't Be a Shortage of Love. 1942.
*There'll Always Be an Ireland—and the Blarney Stone. 1942.
*There'll Be Some Changes Made. 1941.
*There's a Hole in the Old Oaken Bucket. 1941.
*There's a Pampas Moon on the Campus. 1942.
*There's No You. 1945.
*There's Nothing like the Smile of the Irish. 1941.
*There's Something About a Soldier. 1941.
*They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree. 1941.
*They Go Wild (Simply Wild over Me). 1945.
*They Planted a Tree in the Valley. 1944.
*They Raided the Joint. 1946.
*They're Going To Build a Monument. 1943.
*They're Making Me Over in the Army. 1941.
*Things I Love. 1941.
*Thirty-two Fifty a Month. 1941.
*This Is No Laughing Matter. 1942.
*This Is Romance. 1944.
*This Is the Night. 1946.
*This Love of Mine. 1942.
*Three-in-One Revue. 1942.
*Three Little Sisters. 1942.
*Ti-Pi-Tin. 1941.
*Ti-Yi-Yippee-Aye. 1944.
*Tica Ti, Tica Ta. 1942.
*Tico Tico. 1944, 1945.
*Tiger Rag. 1943.
*Till Then. 1944.
*Tillie. 1945.
*Time Takes Care of Everything. 1946.
*Tinkle Song. 1941.
*Tip Toe Thru the Tulips with Me. 1944.
*Tired of Waiting for You. 1943.
*'Tis You, Babe. 1945.
*Tonight in Dreamtime. 1942.
*Too Many Sailors. 1944.
*Toot That Trumpet! 1941, 1943.
*Toreador. 1942.
*Torna a Surriento. 1946.
*Tough Beef. 1942.
*Treasure Chest. 1945.
*Trimmin' the Women. 1943.
*Trip to the Moon. 1946.
*Tropical Kiss. 1943.
*Tropical Moon. 1945.
Tropicana. 1946.
*Trouble at the Beach. 1942.
*Trouble with Me. 1945.
*Tumbando Cana. 1945.
*Tumbling Tumbleweeds. 1945.
*Tune of Luna Park. 1946.
*Turkey in the Straw. 1942.
*Turkish Jerk. 1941.
*Turn Out the Lights. 1941.
*Tuxedo Junction. 1942.
Twas Love. 1946.
*Tweed Me. 1942.
*Twelfth Street Rag. 1941, 1943.
*$21.00 a Day Once a Month. 1942.
*Twirls and Girls. 1945.
*Twists and Turns. 1946.
*Two Guitars and Dark Eyes. 1941.
*Two Guitars in Jive. 1942.
*Two-of-a-Kind. 1943.
*Two Hearts That Pass in the Night. 1941.
*Two Pair of Shoes. 1942.
*Tying Apples on a Lilac Tree. 1941.
*Tyrone Shapiro. 1941.
*Uncle Tom. 1945.
*Under the Bamboo Tree. 1946.
*Under the Banana Tree. 1946.
*Under the Willow Tree. 1946.
*Unlucky Woman. 1944.
*U. S. A. by Day and the R. A. F. by Night. 1945.
*Use Your Imagination. 1944.
*V-Mail from a Female. 1943.
*Valley of the Sun. 1946.
*Vamos a Gozar. 1943.
*Village Fire Brigade. 1946.
*Vine Street Blues. 1943.
*Virginia, Georgia, and Caroline. 1942.
*Volga Boatman. 1941, 1943.
*Wabash Blues. 1946.
*Wabash Cannon Ball. 1946.
*Wait 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie. 1941, 1943.
*Waitin' for the Train to Come In. 1945.
*Waiting for the Robert E. Lee. 1941.
*Walkin' by the River. 1941.
*Walking on Air. 1941.
*Walking with My Honey. 1945.
*Walls Keep Talking. 1942.
*Waltz a la Accordion. 1946.
*War Dance for Wooden Indians. 1941.
*Watch Out! 1946.
*Watch the Birdie. 1942.
*Wave-a-Stick Blues. 1942.
*Way Down Yonder in New Orleans. 1941.
*We Are Americans Too. 1943.
*We Can Live on Love. 1941.
*We Can Make Such Beautiful Music Together. 1941.
*We Did It Before and We'll Do It Again. 1942.
*We Go Together. 1941.
*We Pitched a Boogie Woogie. 1946.
*We the Cats Hep Ya. 1945.
*Well All Right. 1942.
*We'll Rest at the End of the Trail. 1943.
*We'll Slap the Japs. 1942.
*We're All Americans. 1941.
*We're Stepping Out Tonight. 1945.
*We're the Couple in the Castle. 1942.
*Western Melodies. 1943.
*Western Rhythms. 1943.
*Wham. 1943.
*What a Difference a Day Makes. 1946.
*What a Lovely Afternoon. 1946.
*What D'Ya Hear from Your Heart? 1941.
*What Do You Do in the Infantry. 1944.
*What Good Am I Without You. 1946.
*What Good Is His Love. 1943.
*What Has the Lady Got? 1943.
*What the Country Needs. 1941.
*What This Country Needs is More Love. 1941.
*What To Do. 1942.
*Whatcha Know. 1943.
*Whatcha Know, Joe? 1941.
*When a Gypsy Makes His Violin Cry. 1941.
*When Are We Going To Land Abroad? 1942.
*When Aunt Minnie Plays the Minuet in G. 1945.
*When Good Fellows Get Together. 1942.
*When Hitler Kicks the Bucket. 1943.
*When I Grow Too Old To Dream. 1941.
*When I Grow Up. 1944.
*When Irish Eyes Are Smilin'. 1942.
*When Irish Eyes Are Smiling. 1941.
*When It Rains. 1943.
*When It's Sleepytime Down South. 1946.
*When It's Springtime in the Rockies. 1941.
*When Johnny Comes Marching Home. 1943.
*When My Sugar Walks Down the Street. 1942.
*When Paddy McGinty Plays the Harp. 1941.
*When the Bloom Is on the Sage. 1945.
*When the Circus Comes to Town. 1941.
*When the Roses Bloom Again. 1942.
*When You and I Were Young Maggie. 1944, 1946.
*When You Were Sweet Sixteen. 1946.
When Your Head's in the Clouds. 1946.
*Where Has My Little Dog Gone. 1942.
*Where Is the Chicken in the Chicken Chow Mein. 1945.
*Where the Mountains Meet the Sky. 1942, 1945.
*Where the Sweet Mamas Grow. 1941.
*Where Were You. 1943.
*Wherever There's Me, There's You. 1946.
*Whips and Tricks. 1945.
*Whispering. 1946.
*Whistler and His Dog. 1941.
*Whistlers Mother-in-law. 1942.
*White Blossoms of Tah-Ni. 1944.
*White Cliffs of Dover. 1942.
Who Calls. 1942.
*Who Dunit to Who. 1946.
*Who Dunnit. 1944.
*Who Threw the Overalls in Mistress Murphy's Chowder? 1941.
*Who Threw the Turtle in Mrs. Murphy's Girdle. 1946.
*Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well? 1945.
*Whole Bunch of Something. 1943.
*Who's Been Eating My Porridge. 1944.
*Who's Yehoodi? 1943.
*Why Did I Fall for Abner. 1945.
*Why Did I Kiss That Girl. 1945.
*Why Don't We Do This More Often. 1941.
*Why Don'tcha Kiss Me. 1946.
*Why Dream of Love. 1946.
*Wife of the Man on the Flying Trapeze. 1941.
*Wiggles. 1944.
*Wileing Away the Time. 1943.
*Will Ya Be My Darlin'. 1946.
*William Tell Overture. 1944.
*Willie Willie. 1943.
*Willie, Willie, Will Ya? 1941.
*Window Washerman. 1946.
*Winter Thrills and Spills. 1946.
*Winter Wonderland. 1945.
*Wise Man Say. 1945.
*Wise Old Owl. 1941.
*With a Twist of the Wrist. 1941.
*Woo Woo. 1943.
*Worm Turns. 1944.
*Would You for a Big Red Apple. 1944.
*Would'st Could I but Kiss Thy Hand, Oh Babe. 1942.
*Wreck of the Old '97. 1945.
*Write That Letter Tonight. 1945.
*Xylophonia. 1943.
*Ya Darn Tootin' Gabriel. 1942.
*Ya Fine and Healthy Thing. 1945.
*Ya Sure—Ya Betcha. 1942.
*Yankee Doodle Junior. 1944.
*Yankee Doodle Never Went to Town. 1944.
*Yankee Doodle Polka. 1941.
*Yankee Doodler. 1942.
*Yee Hoo Polka. 1946.
*Yes, Indeed! 1941.
*Yodel. 1943.
*You Always Hurt the One You Love. 1944.
*You Appeal to Me. 1941.
*You Are My Lucky Star. 1943.
*You Are My Sunshine. 1943.
*You Belong to My Heart. 1945.
You Call It Madness. 1946.
*You Can't Fool about Love. 1943.
*You Gotta Be a Football Hero. 1946.
*You Gotta Talk Me into It, Baby. 1944.
*You, Lovely You. 1946.
*You Made Me Love You. 1942.
*You Never Know. 1946.
*You Stepped Out of the Picture. 1945.
*You Walk By. 1941.
*You'll Have To Swing It. 1942.
*Your Dog Loves My Dog. 1943.
*Your Feet's Too Big. 1941, 1946.
*You're a Grand Old Flag. 1941.
*You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith. 1941.
*You're a Shot in the Arm. 1942.
*You're Dangerous. 1941.
*You're in Love with Everyone. 1941.
*You're the One Rose. 1943.
*You're Unfair to Me. 1941.
*Yours. 1945.
*You've Got Everything. 1946.
*You've Never Lived. 1946.
*Zig Me Baby with a Gentle Zag. 1941.
*Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart. 1941.
*Zoot. 1946.
*Zoot Suit. 1942.
SOUNDIES FILMS, INC.
*Adventure. 1946.
*All in Favor Say Aye. 1946.
*All My Gratitude. 1946.
*Blow the Man Down. 1946.
*Broadway. 1946.
*Bumble Bee Hop. 1946.
*Carmen. 1946.
*Catalogue Cowboy. 1946.
*Chi-Chi-Castenango. 1946.
*Coalmine Boogie. 1946.
*Corte Tubo. 1946.
*Cowgirl Polka. 1946.
*Dance of the Spanish Onion. 1946.
*Dream, Dream, Dream. 1946.
*Everybody's Jumpin' Now. 1946.
*Georgie Porgie. 1946.
*Get Happy. 1946.
*Give Me Some Skin. 1946.
*Harem Revels. 1944.
*Hula Rumba. 1946.
*I Cried for You. 1946.
*I May Be Wrong. 1946.
*I Want To Talk About You. 1946.
*I'm Learning To Speak English. 1946.
*Island Melody. 1946.
*Judo Jymnastics. 1946, 1947.
*La Paloma. 1946.
*Lonesome Lover Blues. 1946.
*Love Makes the World Go 'Round. 1946.
*Mistletoe. 1946.
*Models on Parade. 1946, 1947.
*Moon over Miami. 1946.
*Old Chisholm Trail. 1946.
*Poi My Boy. 1946.
*Prisoner of Love. 1946.
*Rhumba Swing. 1946.
*Rhythm in a Riff. 1946.
*Russian Guitars. 1946.
*Silver Spurs. 1946.
*Song of the Sea. 1946.
*Splash Happy. 1946.
*Sugar Babe. 1946.
*Tantalizin'. 1946.
*Tropicana. 1946.
*Twas Love. 1946.
*When Your Head's in the Clouds. 1946.
*You Call It Madness. 1946.
SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS.
*Grinding and Use of Basic Lathe Tool Cutter Bits. 1949.
*Metal Working Lathe. 1941.
*Plain Turning on the Metal Working Lathe. 1941.
SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY,
INC.
*Partners in Progress. 1949.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PICTURES.
*Women in the Night. 1947.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PICTURES, S. A.
*Women in the Night. 1947.
SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL FILM PRODUCTION SERVICE.
Feeling All Right. 1949.
*Timber Growing Today. 1915.
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY.
*Connecticut Answers! 1941.
*Connecticut Answers!—Connecticut Fights! 1942.
SOWERS, ALICE.
Are You Popular? 1947.
Shy Guy. 1947.
SPACE, KENNETH F.
*Fluffy, the Kitten. 1941.
SPALTER INTERNATIONAL PICTURES, INC.
*Wench. 1948.
SPANUTH, HANS AUGUST, d.b.a. FILM STUDIOS OF CHICAGO.
SEE Film Studios of Chicago.
SPEARMAN, FRANK H.
Whispering Smith. 1949.
SPECIAL PICTURES, INC.
*Young Widow. 1946.
SPENCE, HARTZELL.
One Foot in Heaven. 1941.
SPENCER, FRANZ G.
Born To Sing. 1942.
Down in San Diego. 1941.
Masquerade in Mexico. 1945.
Pacific Blackout. 1941.
SPENCER, JEANNE.
Adventure in Washington. 1941.
SPEYER, WILHELM.
Night of Adventure. 1944.
SPIGELGASS, LEONARD.
All Through the Night. 1942.
Million Dollar Baby. 1941.
SPILLER, LEE.
Geometry in Action. 1940.
SPITZ, RENÉ A.
*Autoerotism in Infancy. 1948.
*First 15 Minutes of Life. 1947.
*Genesis of Emotions. 1948.
*Grasping. 1949.
*Grief, a Peril in Infancy. 1947.
*Smile of the Baby. 1947.
*Smiling Response. 1948.
*Somatic Consequences of Emotional Starvation in Infants. 1948.
SPORT FILM SLIDES, INC.
T Formation. 1946.
SPORTS PARADE.
Arrow Magic. 1947.
Battle of Champs. 1946.
SPRAGUE, CHANDLER.
Guy Named Joe. 1944.
SPRING, HOWARD.
My Son, My Son! 1940.
SPRINGER PICTURES, INC.
*Aerial Dead Reckoning. 1944.
*Aerial Map Reading. 1944.
*Dead Reckoning Plotting and Celestial Lines of Position. (Serial)
*Fog Piloting. 1943.
*Night Piloting. 1944.
*Piloting. 1943.
*Sextant. (Serial)
*Time in the Air. 1943.
SPRUCK, HENRY.
*Springboard for Champions. 1942.
SQUARE DEAL PICTURES CORPORATION.
*Coney Island. 1947.
*Miracle of Christmas. 1948.
*Psalmody. 1946.
*Religion in the Family. 1945.
*Sons of God. 1946.
SQUIBB (E. R.) AND SONS.
*Endotracheal Anesthesia. 1948.
Rx. 1947.
SQUIER, EMMA LINDSAY.
Angry God. 1948.
STACPOOLE, H. DEVERE.
Man Who Lost Himself. 1941.
STAHL, JOHN M.
Our Wife. 1941.
STANDARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
No Time To Lose. 1945.
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Learning to program with Alice 2nd ed Edition Dann

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  • 5.
    Learning to programwith Alice 2nd ed Edition Dann Digital Instant Download Author(s): Dann, Wanda; Pausch, Randy; Cooper, Stephen Charles ISBN(s): 9780132085168, 013208516X Edition: 2nd ed File Details: PDF, 15.85 MB Year: 2008 Language: english
  • 7.
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    Learning to Program with Alice SecondEdition Wanda P. Dann Carnegie Mellon University Stephen Cooper Saint Joseph’s University Randy Pausch Carnegie Mellon University Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
  • 10.
    Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Dann, Wanda. Learning to program with Alice / Wanda Dann, Stephen Cooper, Randy Pausch. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-208516-8 ISBN-10: 0-13-208516-X 1. Alice (Computer program language) 2. Object-oriented programming (Computer science)—Computer-assisted instruction—Computer programs. 3. Object-oriented programming (Computer science)—Study and teaching (Middle school)—Computer programs. 4. Computer animation—Computer programs. 5. Three-dimensional display systems—Computer programs. I. Cooper, Stephen (Stephen Charles) II. Pausch, Randy. III. Title. QA76.64.D36 2008 005.1’17—dc22 2008019973 Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Marketing Manager: Erin Davis Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger Marketing Assistant: Mack Patterson Editorial Assistant: Melinda Haggerty Art Director: Kenny Beck Director of Team-Based Project Management: Vince O’Brien Cover Designer: Kristine Carney Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Cover Image: © Girts Gailans/Alamy Production Liaison: Jane Bonnell Art Editor: Greg Dulles Production Editor: Kate Boilard, Media Project Manager: John M. Cassar Pine Tree Composition, Inc. Full-Service Project Management/Composition: Manufacturing Manager: Alan Fischer Pine Tree Composition, Inc./Laserwords, Manufacturing Buyer: Lisa McDowell Pte. Ltd.–Chennai Printer/Binder: Webcrafters, Inc. The Alice Software System is © by Carnegie Mellon University. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education Canada, Inc. Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited Pearson Education North Asia, Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Educación de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-208516-8 ISBN-10: 0-13-208516-X
  • 11.
    To Brian, Tracy,Wendy, Jerry, Noah, and Elaina Wanda Dann To Sandi, Jeanna, and Alicia Stephen Cooper To Jai, Dylan, Logan, and Chloe Randy Pausch
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    Contents Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgmentsxxi About the Authors xxiii Part I: Introduction to Alice 1 1 Getting Started with Alice 3 1-1 Introduction to Alice 3 1-2 Alice Concepts 8 ■ Tips & Techniques 1: Special Effects: Text and 2D Graphic Images 15 ■ Summary 18 ■ Exercises 19 2 Program Design and Implementation 22 2-1 Scenarios and Storyboards 22 2-2 A First Program 29 ■ Tips & Techniques 2: Orientation and Movement Instructions 43 ■ Summary 57 ■ Exercises 58 3 Programming: Putting Together the Pieces 62 3-1 Built-in Functions and Expressions 63 3-2 Simple Control Structures 68 ■ Tips & Techniques 3: Camera and Animation Controls 77 ■ Summary 81 ■ Exercises 83 Part II: Object-Oriented and Event-Driven Programming Concepts 87 4 Classes, Objects, Methods and Parameters 89 4-1 World-Level Methods 91 4-2 Parameters 100 4-3 Class-Level Methods and Inheritance 110 ■ Tips & Techniques 4: Visible and Invisible Objects 121 ■ Summary 127 ■ Exercises and Projects 129 vii
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    viii Contents 5 Interaction:Events and Event Handling 140 5-1 Interactive Programming 140 5-2 Parameters and Event Handling Methods 147 ■ Tips & Techniques 5: Creating Your Own People Models 156 ■ Summary 158 ■ Exercises and Projects 159 Part III: Using Functions and Control Statements 169 6 Functions and If/Else 171 6-1 Functions 171 6-2 Execution Control with If/Else and Boolean Functions 178 ■ Tips & Techniques 6: Random Numbers and Random Motion 191 ■ Summary 194 ■ Exercises and Projects 196 7 Repetition: Definite and Conditional Loops 208 7-1 Loops 208 7-2 While—a Conditional Loop 214 ■ Tips & Techniques 7: Events and Repetition 220 ■ Summary 222 ■ Exercises and Projects 224 8 Repetition: Recursion 231 8-1 Introduction to Recursion 231 8-2 Another Flavor of Recursion 236 ■ Tips & Techniques 8: Engineering Look and Feel 246 ■ Summary 249 ■ Exercises and Projects 250 Part IV: Advanced Topics 257 9 Lists and List Processing 259 9-1 Lists 259 9-2 List Search 265 ■ Tips & Techniques 9: Poses 269 ■ Summary 270 ■ Exercises and Projects 271 10 Variables and Revisiting Inheritance 277 10-1 Variables 277 10-2 An Array Visualization Using an Index Variable 288 ■ Tips & Techniques 10: Debugging with Watch and Text Output 296 ■ Summary 300 ■ Exercises and Projects 301 11 What’s Next? 306
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    Contents ix Appendix Appendix AUsing Alice 311 Part 1: Running Virtual Worlds in Alice 311 Part 2: Using Popup Menus to Create an Initial Scene 325 Appendix B Managing the Alice Interface 330 Index 345
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    Foreword Introductory programming hasalways been a frustrating course for many students, and recent attempts to include object-oriented programming in the first semester have only compounded an already difficult learning experience. This is especially worrisome when recent surveys show a 23 percent decline in the number of CS majors. We simply can’t afford to discourage students by needlessly frustrating them in their first exposure to computing. The Alice system represents a breakthrough in teaching object-oriented computing: in Alice, objects are easily visible, because they are reified as three-dimensional humans, animals, furniture, etc. The state of Alice objects is changed via method calls such as “move forward one meter” or “turn left a quarter turn”—these messages are easily and intuitively understood by students. Computation is displayed via animations of these state changes: one can hardly imagine a more visceral way to express the notion of embodying state in an object and using computation to change that state. One of Alice’s real strengths is that it has been able to make abstract concepts concrete in the eyes of first-time programmers. Any good teacher knows that if a student is not motivated to learn, all the pedagogy and technique in the world won’t help: students learn best when they are internally motivated. While we can create that motivation via rewards and punishments (i.e., “grades”), the Alice system uses a purer form of motivation: it bases programming in the activity of storytelling, which is universally compelling: as we say in Los Angeles, “everybody wants to direct.” By using 3D graphics as the authoring medium, the Alice system speaks directly to a generation raised on videogames and Pixar’s films; the authors leverage that by using “storyboarding” as a metaphor for computer program design—storyboarding being one of the few “design activities” that can be immediately understood by a college freshman. Coupled with the high-level concepts such as reifying objects, the Alice system provides a well-engineered drag-and-drop user interface, inspired by the Squeak system’s editor, that allows students to drag program components around the screen and guarantees that the student cannot make a syntax error. One could make the argument that Alice is one of the most novel systems to hit introductory computing in the last twenty years—and it’s arriving just in time! ALAN KAY Dr. Kay is one of the earliest pioneers of object-oriented programming, personal computing and graphical user interfaces. His contributions have been recognized with the Charles Stark Draper Prize of the National Academy of Engineering (with Robert Taylor, Butler Lampson, and Charles Thacker), the A.M. Turing Award from the Association of Computing Machinery, and the Kyoto Prize from the Inamori Foundation. xi
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    Preface “ what isthe use of a book,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversation?” This book and the associated Alice system take an innovative approach to introductory programming. There have been relatively few innovations in the teaching of programming in the last 30 years, even though such courses are often extremely frustrating to students. The goal of our innovative approach is to allow traditional programming concepts to be more easily taught and more readily understood. The Alice system is free and is available at www.alice.org. What should a programming course teach? While many people have strong opinions on this topic, we feel there is a strong consensus that a student in a programming course should learn the following: • Algorithmic thinking and expression: being able to read and write in a formal language. • Abstraction: learning how to communicate complex ideas simply and to decompose problems logically. • Appreciation of elegance: realizing that although there are many ways to solve a prob- lem, some are inherently better than others. What is different about our approach? Our approach allows students to author on-screen movies and games, in which the concept of an “object” is made tangible and visible. In Alice, on-screen objects populate a 3D micro world. Students create programs by dragging and dropping program elements (if/then statements, loops, variables, etc.) in a mouse-based editor that prohibits syntax errors. TheAlice system pro- vides a powerful, modern programming environment that supports methods, functions, vari- ables, parameters, recursion, arrays, and events. We use this strong visual environment to support either an objects-first or an objects-early approach (described in the ACM and IEEE-CS Computing Curricula 2001 report) with an early introduction to events. In Alice, every object is an object that students can visibly see! We introduce objects in the very first chapter. In our opinion, four primary obstacles to introductory programming must be overcome: 1. The fragile mechanics of program creation, particularly syntax The Alice editing environment removes the frustration of syntax errors in program creation and allows students to develop an intuition for syntax, because every time a program element is dragged into the editor, all valid “drop targets” are highlighted. 2. The inability to see the results of computation as the program runs Although tex- tual debuggers and variable watchers are better than nothing, the Alice approach makes the state of the program inherently visible. In a sense, we offload the mental effort from the student’s cognitive system to his or her perceptual system. It is much easier for a student to see that an object has moved backward instead of forward than to notice that the “sum” variable has been decremented, rather than incremented. Alice allows stu- dents to see how their animated programs run, affording an easy relationship of the pro- gram construct to the animation action. Today’s students are immersed in a world where interactive, three-dimensional graphics are commonplace; we try to leverage that fact without pandering to them. Á xiii
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    xiv Preface 3. Thelack of motivation for programming Many students take introductory program- ming courses only because they are required to do so. Nothing will ever be more moti- vating than a stellar teacher, but the right environment can go a long way. In pilot studies of classes using Alice, students do more optional exercises and are more likely to take a second class in programming than control groups of students using traditional tools. The most common request we received regarding earlier versions of Alice was to be able to share creations with peers; we have added the ability to run Alice programs in a World Wide Web browser so students can post them on their Web pages. Although we have seen increased motivation for all students, we have seen especially encouraging results with underrepresented groups, especially female students. 4. The difficulty of understanding compound logic and learning design techniques The Alice environment physically encourages the creation of small methods and functions. More importantly, the analogy of making a movie allows us to utilize the concept of a storyboard, which students recognize as an established movie-making process. We il- lustrate design techniques using simple sketches and screen captures. Also, we encour- age the use of textual storyboards, progressively refining them and essentially designing with pseudocode. How to use this text Of course, as an instructor, you should use this text as you see fit! We list four ways we imagine the book being used, but you may discover others: As the only text in a short or semester-long course on programming. This would allow students to build relatively complex (say, 300-line) programs by the end of the semester or term. Such a course might be for non-majors who want to learn the concepts behind programming without needing to transition to a real-world language. Alternatively, this course can be used as a pre-CS1 course for students who might like to major in computing but lack previous programming experience. In our NSF-supported study (NSF-0126833), we found that students who jump right into a rigorous CS1 course with little or no previous programming have an extremely high attrition rate. The use of Alice in a pre-CS1 course has significantly reduced attrition for these students in our CS1 courses. As the first portion of a traditional “Introduction to Programming” course, such as CS1. Both Seymour Papert’s Logo and Rich Pattis’s Karel the Robot have been used this way, and these systems have inspired us greatly. Unlike these systems, Alice is powerful enough to support students for several semesters (for example, seniors majoring in computer science at Carnegie Mellon routinely write 3,000-line programs in Alice). However, many introductory programming courses must both teach concepts and also prepare students to write programs in traditional languages, such as Java. By learning Alice first, students become acquainted with the fundamental concepts of programming, and can quickly learn the specific syntax rules of a particular “real” language as a transition. The Alice environment can ease the transition by displaying programs with a Java-like syntax, as shown in Figure P-1-1. As the programming component of a “Computer Literacy” course. At many schools, computer literacy courses attempt to give non-majors a broad introduction to computers and/or “information technology.” Many of these courses have removed their programming component and are little more than extended laboratories on “office productivity tools” such as spreadsheets and word processors. Alice has the potential to return a gentle programming component to computer literacy courses. In a high school “Introduction to Programming” course. A course in Alice has great potential for a high school environment, where a high-interest, highly motivating environment is a teacher’s best friend. This book could be used as part of a stand-alone course or as preparation for the College AP computing course.
  • 21.
    Exploring the Varietyof Random Documents with Different Content
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    *If I HadMy Way. 1945. *If My Mother Could See Me Now. 1942. *If There Were Girls Like You in the Army. 1941. *If You Build a Better Mousetrap. 1942. *If You Can't Smile and Say Yes. 1944. *If You Ever Come to Texas. 1946. *If You Only Knew. 1946. *If You Treat Me to a Hug. 1943. *I'll Be Glad When You're Dead You Rascal, You. 1942. *I'll Be Seeing You. 1944. *I'll Meet You Down by the Old Pig Pen. 1945. *I'll Never Get Married Again. 1945. *I'll Never Love Another Gal. 1941. *I'll Remember April. 1945. *I'll See You in My Dreams. 1946. *I'll Take Her Back. 1944. *I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen. 1942. *I'll Write Right Home to You. 1942. *I'm a Big Girl Now. 1946. *I'm a Good Good Woman. 1944. *I'm a Sailor. 1944. *I'm a Shy Guy. 1943. *I'm an Old Cowhand. 1941. *I'm an Old Fashioned Guy. 1942. *I'm Beginning To See the Light. 1945. *I'm Coming, Virginia. 1942. *I'm Goin' Back to Whur I Come From. 1944. *I'm Gonna Love That Guy. 1945. *I'm Gonna Swing My Way up to Heaven. 1941. *I'm Homesick That's All. 1945. *I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So. 1946. *I'm Just Wild About Harry. 1941. I'm Learning To Speak English. 1946. *I'm Looking for a Guy. 1942. *I'm Looking Out the Window. 1941. *I'm Making Believe. 1945. *I'm Mighty Proud of That Old Gang of Mine. 1944. *I'm Nobody's Baby. 1941. *I'm Not That Way. 1946.
  • 23.
    *I'm Secretary tothe Sultan. 1944. *I'm Stepping Out with a Memory Tonight. 1941. *I'm the Sound Effects Man. 1942. *I'm Tired. 1944. *I'm Tired of Waiting for You. 1942. *Imagine. 1944. *Imua Ailuni. 1943. *In All This World. 1943. *In an Eighteenth Century Drawing Room. 1941. *In Love with a Song. 1941. *In Old Mexico. 1945. *In Old Shanty Town. 1943. *In the Gloaming. 1945. *In the Good Old Summertime. 1941. *In the Mood. 1942. *In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree. 1946. *Indian Rhapsody. 1945. *Indiana Barn Dance. 1946. *Indiana Hay Ride. 1942. *Ingenue Blues. 1943. *Injun Gal. 1945. *International Revue. 1943. *Iowa. 1945. *Irish Washerwoman. 1941. *Is It Love, or Is It Conscription. 1941. *Is You Is or Is You Ain't, My Baby. 1944. Island Melody. 1946. *Isn't That Just Like Love. 1941. *It All Comes Back to Me Now. 1941. *It Can't Be Wrong. 1943. *It Had To Be You. 1946. *It Must Be Jelly. 1946. *It Was Wonderful Then. 1941. *It's a Great Day for the Irish. 1941, 1945. *It's a Pity To Say Goodnight. 1946. *It's a Sin To Tell a Lie. 1941, 1946. *It's Been a Long Long Time. 1945. *It's Love, Love, Love. 1944. *It's Me, Oh Lord. 1945.
  • 24.
    *It's Nothing New.1943. *It's the Same Old Shillelagh. 1941. *I've Got a Heart Filled with Love. 1944. *I've Got Sixpence. 1943. *I've Got To Be a Rug Cutter. 1945. *I've Got To Get Hot. 1942. *Ja Da. 1942. *Jack and Jill. 1942. *Jack, You're Playing the Game. 1941. *Jackpot. 1943. *Jam Session. 1942. *Jammin' in the Panoram. 1942. *Java Jive. 1941, 1943. *Jazz Etude. 1941. *Jazzy Joe. 1941. *Jealous. 1942. *Jeannie with the Light Brown Hair. 1941. *Jerk McGurk from Albuquerque. 1941. *Jersey Bounce. 1942. *Jesse James. 1945. *Jim. 1941. *Jingle, Jangle, Jingle. 1942. *Jittarumba. 1942. *Jitterbug Senorita. 1941. *Jive Comes to the Jungle. 1942. *Jive, Little Gypsy, Jive. 1941. *Jive, Little Indians. 1941. *Jiveroo. 1943. *Jivers' Holiday. 1942. *Joe and Charlie's Coffee Pot. 1941. *Joe. Joe. 1946. *Jog Along. 1946. *Johnny Doughboy Found a Rose In Ireland. 1942. *Johnny Peddler. 1941. *Johnny Zero. 1943. *Joint Is Jumpin'. 1941. *Jolly Good Fellows. 1941. *Jolly Joe. 1943. *Jonah. 1945.
  • 25.
    *Jonah and theWhale. 1944. *Jordan Jive. 1944. *Jose Gonzales. 1945. *Jose O'Neill, the Cuban Heel. 1941. *Joseph 'n His Brudders. 1945. *Josephine. 1945. *Juanita. 1945. *Juke Box Boogie. 1944. *Juke Box Joe's. 1944. *Juke Box Saturday Night. 1944. *Julie O'Dooley. 1945. *Jump Children. 1946. *Jump Fever. 1942. *Jump In. 1942. *Jumpin' at the Jubilee. 1944. *Jumpin' at the Juke Box. 1943. *Jumpin' Jack from Hackensack. 1943. *Jumpin' Jive. 1941. *Jumping Bean. 1943. *June Comes Around Every Year. 1945. *Jungle Jamboree. 1943. *Jungle Jig. 1941. *Jungle Jump. 1944. *Junior. 1946. *Just a Girl That Men Forgot. 1942. *Just a Little Bit South of North Carolina. 1941. *Just a Little Fond Affection. 1946. *Just a Prayer Away. 1945. *Just A-Sittin and A-Rockin'. 1945. *Just As Tho You Were Here. 1942. *Just One of Those Things. 1945. *Just the Other Day. 1946. *K. P. Serenade. 1942. *Kazbek. 1944. *Keep Smiling. 1943. *Keep Waitin'. 1943. *Kerry Dance. 1942. *Kick Tricks. 1946. *Kickin' My Love Around. 1945.
  • 26.
    *King Kamehameha. 1944. *KissGoodnight. 1945. *Kiss the Boys Goodbye. 1941. *Kitchy Kitchy Koo. 1945. *Knife, a Fork and a Spoon. 1942. *Knit One, Purl Two. 1942. *Knock Me Out. 1945. *Kona Moon. 1941. *Lackadaisical Lady. 1941. *Lady of Spain. 1944. *Lady with Fans. 1942. *Lady Wonderful. 1944. *Laguna. 1946. *Lalapaluza Lu. 1943. *Lamp of Memory. 1942. *Lamplight. 1941. *Lamplighters Serenade. 1942. La Paloma. 1946. *Lass with the Delicate Air. 1944. *Lasso and a Lass. 1943. *Last Night's Gardenias. 1941. *Last Round Up. 1943. *Laugh, Laugh, Laugh. 1942. *Lazy Lady. 1945. *Lazy River. 1944. *Lazybones. 1941. *Leap Year Lena. 1943. *Legs Ain't No Good. 1942. *Let Me Love You Tonight. 1944. *Let Me Off Uptown. 1942. *Let's All Back the Attack. 1944. *Let's All Be Americans. 1941. *Let's Beat Out Some Love. 1943. *Let's Do It. 1942. *Let's Dream This One Out. 1941. *Let's Get Away from It All. 1941, 1943. *Let's Get Down to Business. 1943. *Let's Get Lost. 1943. *Let's Go. 1942.
  • 27.
    *Let's Scuffle. 1942. *Let'sTalk It Over. 1943. *'Leven Thirty Saturday Night. 1942. *Liberty on Parade. 1943. *Li'l Liza Jane. 1943. *Lily, Hot from Chile. 1941. *Linda Brown. 1943. *Listen to the Mocking Bird. 1941, 1943. *Little Brown Jug. 1941, 1943, 1945. *Little Dutch Mill. 1942. *Little Grey Home in the West. 1941. *Little Jive Is Good for You. 1941. *Little Nell. 1943. *Little Town in the Ould Country Down. 1942. *Little Usherette. 1943. *Livin, Lovin, Laughin. 1942. *Loads of Pretty Women. 1944. *Loch Lomond. 1941. *Lonesome Lover Blues. 1946. *London Music Hall Melodies. 1943. *Lonesome Road. 1941, 1943. *Long and Short of It. 1943. *Looking Back at It Now. 1943. *Loretta. 1942. *Louise. 1944. *Love Grows on a White Oak Tree. 1944. *Love Is a Song. 1942. Love Makes the World Go 'Round. 1946. *Love Marches On. 1941. *Love Me a Little, Little. 1941. *Love Me As I Am. 1941. *Love Turns Winter to Spring. 1941. *Lovely Hula Hands. 1944. *Lover. 1941. *Lover! Are You There. 1944. *Lover Is Blue. 1946. *Love's Gonna Be Rationed. 1943. *Love's Own Sweet Song. 1941. *Lovin' Up a Solid Breeze. 1943.
  • 28.
    *Low Down Dog.1944. *Low Gravy. 1945. *Low, Short and Squatty. 1946. *Lucky Polka. 1944. *Lullaby in Swing. 1942. *Lullaby of Broadway. 1945. *Lullaby of the Rain. 1943. *Lulu. 1943. *Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me. 1942. *Mabel at the Beauty Target. 1942. *Mabel, Mabel. 1946. *MacArthur Is the Name. 1942. *Machine Gun Butch. 1943. *MacNamara's Band. 1941. *Mad About Her Blues. 1946. *Magic Carpet. 1942. *Magic Is the Moonlight. 1945. *Magic of Magnolias. 1942. *Maharaja. 1943. *Mailman Blues. 1942. *Maka la Pua. 1943. *Mama Don't Allow It. 1942. *Mama Don't Want No Music. 1942. *Mama, I Wanna Make Rhythm. 1943. *Mama, I Want a Sweetheart. 1941. *Mamae Eu Quero. 1941. *Mame Is Me Flame. 1944. *Man on the Ferry. 1943. *Man on the Flying Trapeze. 1943. *Man That's Groovy. 1943. *Man with the Weird Beard. 1946. *Manhattan. 1941. *Manicero. 1945. *Manuela Boy. 1944. *Margie. 1942. *Maria Elena. 1941, 1943. *Marines' Hymn. 1941. *Martins and the Coys. 1941. *Mary Goes Round. 1941.
  • 29.
    *Mary Had aLittle Lamb. 1944. *Mary Lee. 1946. *Maui Chant. 1943. *May I Have the Next Trance with You? 1942. *Maybe. 1941. *Meet Me Tonight in Dreamland. 1946. *Meetin Time. 1943. *Melody Parade. 1946. *Melody Takes a Holiday. 1943. *Memphis Blues. 1945. *Merry-Go-Roundup. 1941. *Mexicali Rose. 1944. *Mexican Hat Dance. 1941. *Mexican Jumping Bean. 1942. *Mexican Melody. 1945. *Mi España. 1943. *Mi Linda Amor. 1943. *Mi Rumba. 1941. *Millenium Jump. 1946. *Mindin' My Business. 1941. *Minnie from Trinidad. 1942. *Minnie, My Mountain Moocher. 1943. *Minnie the Mermaid. 1942. *Minnie the Moocher. 1942. *Minstrel Memories. 1944. *Minute Waltz. 1944. *Miss Johnson Phoned Again. 1941. *Miss Liberty. 1943. *Miss You. 1942. *Missouri. 1946. *Mr. Jackson from Jacksonville. 1945. *Mr. X Blues. 1945. *Misterio. 1943. *Mistletoe. 1946. *Modern Design. 1942. *Moitle from Toidy Toid and Toid. 1946. *Molly Malone. 1941. *Moon of Manakoora. 1945. *Moon over Miami. 1946.
  • 30.
    *Montana Plains. 1943,1944. *Moonlight Becomes You. 1942. *Moonlight Cocktail. 1942. *Moonlight Masquerade. 1942. *Mop. 1946. *Moscow Nights. 1945. *Mother Machree. 1941. *Mountain Dew. 1941. *Move It Over. 1943. *Music Shop. 1945. *Musical Joke. 1943. *Musical Movie Memories. 1943. *Musical Stairs. 1944. *My Baby Just Cares for Me. 1944. *My Baby Knows Best. 1945. *My Baby Said Yes. 1945. *My Blue Heaven. 1945. *My Bottle Is Dry. 1946. *My Brother Jack. 1942. *My Buddy. 1943. *My Chickashay Gal. 1945. *My Darling Clementine. 1942. *My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time. 1945. *My Favorite Song. 1942. *My Fraternity Pin. 1941. *My Gal Sal. 1941. *My Girl Loves a Sailor. 1943. *My Great, Great Grandfather. 1942. *My Heart Tells Me. 1944. *My Ideal. 1944. *My Little Cousin. 1942. *My Little Girl. 1941. *My Little Grass Shack. 1941. *My Lost Horizon. 1941. *My Man. 1941. *My, My, Ain't That Somethin'! 1944. *My New Gown. 1944. *My Old Flame. 1942. *My Pin Up Guy. 1946.
  • 31.
    *My Reverie. 1943. *MyShawl. 1942. *My Sister and I. 1943. *My Sweet Eloise. 1942. *My Wubba Dolly. 1944. *Nadocky. 1942. *Nautch Dance. 1945. *Nautch Girl from Cuba. 1941. *Navy Yard. 1943. *Nellie Bly. 1943. *Nellie Gray. 1944. *Never Say Yes. 1944. *Never Too Old To Swing. 1945. *New Orleans Melodies. 1945. *Night Is Young. 1941. *Night Ride. 1941. *Night Train to Memphis. 1944. *Night We Met in Honomu. 1941, 1943. *Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square. 1941. *No Can Do. 1945. *No, No, Baby. 1945. *No One Ever Comes Around to My House. 1943. *No Romance in Your Soul. 1942. *No Vacancy. 1946. *Noah. 1946. *Nobody Knows. 1945. *Nobody Makes a Pass at Me. 1942. *Nola. 1944. *Now. 1943. *Number Ten Lullaby Lane. 1941. *Oh, Dear—the County Fair. 1942. *Oh, Frenchy. 1946. *Oh Gee, Oh Gosh, Oh Golly I'm in Love. 1942. *Oh, Johnny, Oh, Johnny, Oh! 1941. *Oh Look! 1943. *Oh! Look at Me Now. 1941. *Oh, Marie! 1941, 1945. *Oh Oh Uhm Uhm. 1945. *Oh! Please Tell Me Darling. 1944.
  • 32.
    *Oh, Susannah. 1941. *OhWhat it Seemed To Be. 1946. Oh You Pretty Women. 1944. *Oh-H-E-E My, My. 1945. *Oira Polka. 1945. *Ol' Man Mose. 1941. *Old Apple Tree. 1941. Old Chisholm Trail. 1946. *Old Dan Tucker. 1946. *Old Grey Mare. 1945. *Old Hank. 1942. *Old Macdonald Had a Farm. 1941. *Old Man Mose. 1941. *Old Mill Stream. 1943. *Old Oaken Bucket. 1942, 1946. *Old Square Dance Is Back Again. 1944. *On a Sunday Afternoon. 1941. *On a Typical Tropical Night. 1941. *On Guard! 1941. *On the Boulevard. 1946. *On the Campus. 1941. *On the House. 1946. *On the Mall. 1941. *On the Sunnyside. 1942. *On Time. 1943. *On to Victory. 1941. *Once Over Lightly. 1941. *One Dozen Roses. 1942. *One I Love Belongs to Somebody Else. 1941. *One Look at You. 1941, 1943. *One Man Band. 1944. *One Meat Ball. 1945. *One-zy Two-zy. 1946. *Oni Oni E. 1944. *Only Yesterday. 1941. *Ooh Ooh Georgie. 1943. *Operatin' Rhythm. 1943. *Opus 12 EEE. 1944. *Orange Bowl Bounce. 1946.
  • 33.
    *Organ Hop. 1945. *OurTeacher. 1943. *Our Waltz. 1946. *Outline of Jitterbug History. 1942. *Outskirts of the Town. 1942. *Over There. 1943. *Overnight. 1941. *Ozzie Nelson Blues. 1943. *Paddlin' Madeline Home. 1943. *Paddy Callahan Has Joined the Army. 1942. *Palm Tree Polka. 1946. *Pan-Americonga. 1941. *Papa Niccolini. 1942. *Paper Doll. 1942. *Parade of the Wooden Soldiers. 1943. *Paradiddle Joe. 1941. *Paradise Isles. 1943. *Paran-Pan-Pan. 1941. *Pardon Me but You Look Just like Margie. 1943. *Paris Is Gay Again. 1944. *Pass the Biscuits Mirandy. 1942. *Passport to Heaven. 1944. *Pastorale. 1946. *Patience and Fortitude. 1946. *Patty Cake, Baker Man. 1943. *Pavanne. 1941. *Pay Day Rolls Around. 1946. *Peckin'. 1942. *Peggy O'Neill. 1945. *Pennsylvania Polka. 1942. *Penny Arcade. 1942. *Penthouse Party. 1944. *Penthouse Serenade. 1941. *Pepepeto. 1943. *Perfect Powers Girl. 1941. *Perfidia. 1941. *Pete the Piper. 1941. *Phil the Fluter's Ball. 1942. *Piano Serenade. 1946.
  • 34.
    *Pickle Puss. 1941. *PiedPiper. 1944. *Pig Foot Pete. 1945. *Pig Meat Throws the Bull. 1945. *Pin Marin. 1946. *Pin-Up Polka. 1944. *Pin-Ups on Parade. 1943. *Pio Pio. 1943. *Pioneers. 1943. *Pipe Dreams. 1946. *Pistol Packin' Mama. 1943. *Pistol Packin' Papa. 1943. *Plant a Little Garden in Your Own Back Yard. 1943. *Play Time Polka. 1945. *Playgirl Polka. 1946. *Playing in the Park. 1945. *Playmates. 1944. *Please Take a Letter. 1941. *Poeme. 1941. *Poet and Peasant. 1945. Poi My Boy. 1946. *Poinciana. 1944. *Polish Mazur. 1945. *Polka Dot Polka. 1944. *Polka Fun. 1944. *Pollard Jump. 1946. *Polonaise. 1945. *Pop Goes the Weasel. 1942. *Poppin' the Cork. 1943. *Pop's Comin' Home. 1944. *Prairie's Not So Far Away. 1945. *Prancing in the Dark. 1943. *Preacher and the Bear. 1945. *Pretty Kitty Blue Eyes. 1944. *Princess Papaya. 1945. *Princess Poo-Poo-Ly. 1942. *Priority Blues. 1942. Prisoner of Love. 1946. *Prof. Peabody's Banjo School. 1942.
  • 35.
    *Prove It bythe Things You Do. 1946. *Public Nuisances. 1943. *Pudgy Boy. 1942. *Pumpa Pumpa. 1945. *Pumpernickel Polka. 1943. *Put Your Arms Around Me Honey. 1943. *Put Your Little Foot Right Out. 1946. *Put-Put-Put (Your Arms Around Me). 1942. *Putting on the Dog. 1943. *Quarry Road. 1943. *Que Buena Es la Conga. 1943. *Quick Watson, the Rhythm. 1943. *Radio Parade. 1943. *Ragtime Cowboy Joe. 1942. *Rain on the Roof. 1941. *Rancho Grande. 1942. *Ration Blues. 1944. *Ray Fabing's Versatile Ingenues. 1942. *Red River Moon. 1945. *Red River Valley. 1944. *Reed Rapture. 1942. *Reeling Cowboy Dance. 1944. *Reynolds Riff. 1946. *Rhapsody. 1943. *Rhapsody of Love. 1944. *Rhumba New York. 1943. *Rhumba Rebop. 1946. *Rhumba Serenade. 1941. *Rhumba Specialty. 1943. *Rhumba Swing. 1946. *Rhumboogie. 1943. Rhythm in a Riff. 1946. *Rhythm in My Heart. 1943. *Rhythm Mad. 1943. *Rhythm of the Rhythm Band. 1943. *Rhythm on the River. 1944. *Rhythm Rhapsody. 1945. *Rhythm Sam. 1946. *Rhythmania. 1943.
  • 36.
    *Rickety Rickshaw Man.1944. *Ride, Red, Ride. 1941. *Ride On, Ride On. 1944. *Ridin' Herd on a Cloud. 1944. Ridin' the Red Caboose. 1942. *Riff. 1943. *Rigoletto. 1945. *Rigoletto Blues. 1941. *Rinka Tinka Man. 1944. *Rio De Janeiro. 1945. *Rip Tease. 1942. *Rocco Blues. 1943. *Rock It for Me. 1943. *Rockabye Baby. 1943. *Rockin' Chair. 1942. *Roll 'Em. 1944. *Rolleo Rollin' Along. 1942. *Roller Crazy. 1946. *Roly Poly. 1946. *Romance. 1941. *Romance Without Finance. 1945. *Romeo Robin. 1944. *Rose O'Day. 1942. *Rose of No Man's Land. 1942. *Rose of Tralee. 1941. *Rosie the Riveter. 1943. *Rosita. 1943. *Rotary Swing. 1943. *Rough and Tumble. 1945. *Row That Rowboat. 1942. *Ruff and Tuff. 1944. *Rug Cutters Holiday. 1943. *Rum and Coca Cola. 1945. *Rumba Matumba. 1945. Russian Guitars. 1946. *Russian Peasant Dance. 1945. *Russian Revels. 1943. *Russian Rhapsody. 1943. *Saddle Boy. 1943.
  • 37.
    *Sadie Hawkins Day.1942. *Sailboat in the Sky. 1942. *Sailor-Boy Joe. 1943. *Sailor with the Navy Blue Eyes. 1942. *Sailors Horn Pipe. 1945. *St. James Infirmary. 1942. *St. Louis Blues. 1941. *Saints Come Marching In. 1943. *Salome. 1943. *Saloon. 1945. *Same Old Story. 1941. *San Antonio Rose. 1941. *San Fernando Valley. 1944. *San Salvador. 1942. *Sandin' Joe. 1945. *Santa Claus Is in the Dog House Now. 1945. *Satchel Mouth Baby. 1946. *Saturday Night (Is the Loneliest Night in the Week). 1945. *Saturday Night in Our Home Town. 1945. *Savage. 1946. *Sawdust Canary. 1943. *Say Si Si. 1941. *Scarf Dance. 1946. *Schoolhouse Jive. 1945. *Scotch Boogie. 1945. *Scrub Me Mama with a Boogie Beat. 1941. *Season's the Reason. 1944. *See the Birdies. 1944. *See Whatcha Do. 1946. *Seeing Is Believing. 1943. *Semper Fidelis. 1943. *Semper Paratus. 1944. *Senorita. 1943. *Sentimental Journey. 1945. *Seven Beers with the Wrong Man. 1941. *Seven Beers with the Wrong Woman. 1941. *Seven Days a Week. 1946. *Seven Years with the Wrong Woman. 1943. *Sh! Sh! Somebody Blabbed. 1943.
  • 38.
    *Shadrack. 1941. *Shake MyHand. 1943. *Shame on You. 1945. *She Don't Wanna. 1942. *She Is More To Be Pitied Than Censured. 1941. *She Lived Next Door to a Firehouse. 1942. *She Looks Cute in Her Bathing Suit. 1946. *She Shall Have Music. 1943. *Sheherezade. 1941. *Sheik. 1942. *Sheik of Araby. 1944. *Shepherd Serenade. 1941. *She's Crazy with the Heat. 1946. *She's the McCoy. 1943. *She's the Niece of Uncle Sam. 1944. *She's Too Hot To Handle. 1944. *Shhh, It's a Military Secret. 1942. *Shine. 1942, 1944. *Shine on Your Shoes. 1946. *Sho Had a Wonderful Time. 1946. *Shoeing the Mare. 1943. *Shoeshiners and Headliners. 1941. *Shoo Shoo Baby. 1944. *Shoot the Rhythm to Me. 1943. *Shout, Brother, Shout. 1946. *Shout! Sister, Shout! 1941. *Showbar Frolics. 1943. *Showboat Melodies. 1943. *Shrine of St. Cecilia. 1942. *Shy Anne from Old Cheyenne. 1942. *Shy Guy. 1946. *Siboney. 1943. *Side by Side. 1944. *Side Show. 1945. *Side Street. 1943. *Sidewalks of New York. 1941. *Siesta Fiesta. 1943. *Silhouettes. 1943. Silver Spurs. 1946.
  • 39.
    *Silver Wings. 1942. *Singa Tropical Song. 1944. *Sing and Swing. 1943. *Sing, Sing, Sing. 1944. *Singing About a Gal Who Married the Wrong Wrong Man. 1945. *Singing Hills. 1941, 1943. *Singing Lesson. 1941. *Singing Telegram Song. 1941. *Sinner Kissed an Angel. 1942. *Sioux City Sue. 1946. *Siss Boom Barbara Brown. 1942. *Sittin' and Sunnin'. 1945. *$64 Question. 1944. *Sizzle with Sissle. 1946. *Skating Revels. 1945. *Skinnie Minnie. 1946. *Skip to My Lou. 1941. *Skunk Song. 1942. *Skylark. 1942. *Skyline Stomp. 1944. *Slap Happy. 1945. *Slap Your Hip Polka. 1944. *Sleep Kentucky Babe. 1945. *Sleepy Lagoon. 1942. *Sleepy Time down South. 1942. *Sleepytime Gal. 1944. *Sleigh-Bell Serenade. 1942. *Slender, Tender and Tall. 1943. *Smiles. 1942, 1943. *Snoqualomie Jo Jo. 1945. *Snow Time Polka. 1945. *So You're the One. 1941. *Soldier Song. 1946. *Soldier's Sweetheart. 1942. *Solid Jive. 1946. *Sombrerita Mia. 1943. *Some Day. 1946. *Some Day When the Clouds Roll By. 1945. *Some of These Days. 1942.
  • 40.
    *Somebody Else IsTaking My Place. 1942. *Somebody Nobody Loves. 1942. *Someone's Rocking My Dreamboat. 1942. *Something To Write Home About. 1945. *Sometimes. 1942. *Somewhere in Old Hawaii. 1946. *Somewhere in Old Wyoming. 1943. *Song and a Dance. 1941. *Song and Dance Man. 1943. *Song of India. 1944. *Song of the Sea. 1946. *Sophisticated Hula. 1945. *Soundies No. 2. 1941. *Soundies No. 3. 1941. *Soundies Song Parade. (Serial) *South Sea Sadie. 1945. *South Wind. 1942. *Southern Comfort. 1946. *Southern Scandal. 1946. *Southland Swing. 1944. *Sow Song. 1942. *Sparkle Strut. 1945. *Speaky-Spak-Spoke. 1942. *Spicy and Spanish. 1944. *Spin the Bottle. 1941. *Spinning Ropes. 1946. *Spinning Steps. 1945. *Spirit of Boogie Woogie. 1942. *Sports a la Mode. 1942. *Spread a Bit of Sunshine. 1944. *Stair-a-tone Revue. 1944. *Stalingrad. 1944. *Stamp the Polka Away. 1945. *Stand Up for Your Rights. 1943. *Stardust. 1941, 1945. *Stars in Your Eyes. 1945. *Steak and Potatoes. 1944. *Stella Polka. 1945. *Step Lively. 1943.
  • 41.
    *Stepping Along. 1943. *SteppingFast. 1944. *Sticks and Stones. 1943. *Stone Cold Dead in the Market. 1946. *Stop That Dancin' Up There. 1944. *Stormy Weather. 1942. *Story of Two Cigarettes. 1945. *Strike Up the Band. 1941. String of Pearls. 1942. *Strip Polka. 1942. *Strolling Thru the Park. 1943. *Strum Fun. 1942. *Struttin' to Sutton Place. 1942. *Stuck with It. 1945. *Study in Brown. 1944. *Stuff Like That There. 1945. *Stuff You Gotta Watch. 1945. *Stupid Little Cupid. 1941. Sugar Babe. 1946. *Sugar Hill Masquerade. 1942. *Sun Tan Strut. 1946. *Super-Salesmen. 1941. *Surprise Party. 1945. *Surrender. 1946. *Swamp Fire. 1945. *Swanee Smiles. 1943. *Swanee Swing. 1944. *Sweet Adeline. 1941. *Sweet and Lovely. 1945. *Sweet Evalina. 1946. *Sweet Kisses. 1943. *Sweet Leilani. 1944. *Sweet Lorraine. 1945. *Sweet Onion Time. 1942. *Sweet Potato Polka. 1945. *Sweet Sue. 1945. *Sweet Sue, Just You. 1946. *Sweetheart-Darling. 1941. *Sweetheart of All My Dreams. 1945.
  • 42.
    *Sweetheart of SigmaChi. 1941. *Swing Cats Ball. 1943. *Swing for Sale. 1941. *Swing for Your Supper. 1941. *Swing It, Mr. Schubert. 1942. *Swing Rhumba. 1945. *Swing, Shift, Swing. 1942. *Swingeroo Circus. 1943. *Swingin' at the Seance. 1941. *Swingin' in the Groove. 1945. *Swingin' on Nothin'. 1942. *Swingin' Soldier Man. 1942. *Swingin' with William. 1946. *Swinging in a Harem. 1943. *Swinging It the Kitchen Way. 1942. *Swinging o' the Green. 1943. *Swinging On a Star. 1944. *Swinging the Blues. 1944. *Swingomania. 1942. *Swiss Frolics. 1943. *Swiss Hilly Billy. 1943. *T. G. Boogie Woogie. 1945. *Tabby the Cat. 1945. *Tabu. 1943, 1946. *'Taint Yours. 1944. *Take Back Your Gold. 1941. *Take Everything. 1945. *Take It. 1945. *Take It and Git. 1946. *Take It Easy. 1944. *Take It Off. 1942. *Take Me. 1942. *Take Me Back, Baby. 1941. *Take Me Back to My Boots and Saddle. 1941. *Take Me Back to Tulsa. 1944. *Take Me in Your Arms. 1945. *Take Me Out to the Ball Game. 1941, 1945. *Take My All. 1946. *Take the "A" Train. 1941.
  • 43.
    *Tale of TwoCities. 1941. *Tampico. 1945. *Tangerine. 1942. Tantalizin'. 1946. *Tap Happy. 1943. *Tchaikowskiana. 1941. *Tea on the Terrace. 1942. *Ten Thousand Years Ago. 1945. *Tenement Symphony. 1942. *Termite's Love Song. 1942. *Texas Home. 1945. *Texas Strip. 1942. *Thank Your Lucky Stars and Stripes. 1941. *Thanks for the Boogie Ride. 1942. *Thar She Comes! 1944. *That Did It Marie. 1942. *That Gal Salomay. 1941. *That Man of Mine. 1946. *That Night in Manhattan. 1942. *That Ol' Ghost Train. 1942. *That Rootin', Tootin', Shootin' Man from Texas. 1942. *That Wonderful Worrisome Feeling. 1944. *That's a Lotta Schicklgruber. 1943. *That's All Brother, That's All. 1946. *That's an Irish Lullaby. 1945. *That's for Me. 1941. *That's How I Spell Ireland. 1941. *That's Ireland. 1943. *That's My Weakness Now. 1941. *That's the Hawaiian in Me. 1945. *That's the Moon. 1942. *That's What I Like About Swing (Corn). 1944. *Then It Isn't Love. 1946. *There Ain't a Town in Texas. 1945. *There Are Eighty Eight Reasons Why. 1945. *There Goes That Guitar. 1944. *There I Go. 1941. *There Is a Tavern in the Town. 1941. *There is No Sunshine. 1945.
  • 44.
    *There Must Bea Way. 1945. *There Was a Little Girl. 1941. *There Won't Be a Shortage of Love. 1942. *There'll Always Be an Ireland—and the Blarney Stone. 1942. *There'll Be Some Changes Made. 1941. *There's a Hole in the Old Oaken Bucket. 1941. *There's a Pampas Moon on the Campus. 1942. *There's No You. 1945. *There's Nothing like the Smile of the Irish. 1941. *There's Something About a Soldier. 1941. *They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree. 1941. *They Go Wild (Simply Wild over Me). 1945. *They Planted a Tree in the Valley. 1944. *They Raided the Joint. 1946. *They're Going To Build a Monument. 1943. *They're Making Me Over in the Army. 1941. *Things I Love. 1941. *Thirty-two Fifty a Month. 1941. *This Is No Laughing Matter. 1942. *This Is Romance. 1944. *This Is the Night. 1946. *This Love of Mine. 1942. *Three-in-One Revue. 1942. *Three Little Sisters. 1942. *Ti-Pi-Tin. 1941. *Ti-Yi-Yippee-Aye. 1944. *Tica Ti, Tica Ta. 1942. *Tico Tico. 1944, 1945. *Tiger Rag. 1943. *Till Then. 1944. *Tillie. 1945. *Time Takes Care of Everything. 1946. *Tinkle Song. 1941. *Tip Toe Thru the Tulips with Me. 1944. *Tired of Waiting for You. 1943. *'Tis You, Babe. 1945. *Tonight in Dreamtime. 1942. *Too Many Sailors. 1944. *Toot That Trumpet! 1941, 1943.
  • 45.
    *Toreador. 1942. *Torna aSurriento. 1946. *Tough Beef. 1942. *Treasure Chest. 1945. *Trimmin' the Women. 1943. *Trip to the Moon. 1946. *Tropical Kiss. 1943. *Tropical Moon. 1945. Tropicana. 1946. *Trouble at the Beach. 1942. *Trouble with Me. 1945. *Tumbando Cana. 1945. *Tumbling Tumbleweeds. 1945. *Tune of Luna Park. 1946. *Turkey in the Straw. 1942. *Turkish Jerk. 1941. *Turn Out the Lights. 1941. *Tuxedo Junction. 1942. Twas Love. 1946. *Tweed Me. 1942. *Twelfth Street Rag. 1941, 1943. *$21.00 a Day Once a Month. 1942. *Twirls and Girls. 1945. *Twists and Turns. 1946. *Two Guitars and Dark Eyes. 1941. *Two Guitars in Jive. 1942. *Two-of-a-Kind. 1943. *Two Hearts That Pass in the Night. 1941. *Two Pair of Shoes. 1942. *Tying Apples on a Lilac Tree. 1941. *Tyrone Shapiro. 1941. *Uncle Tom. 1945. *Under the Bamboo Tree. 1946. *Under the Banana Tree. 1946. *Under the Willow Tree. 1946. *Unlucky Woman. 1944. *U. S. A. by Day and the R. A. F. by Night. 1945. *Use Your Imagination. 1944. *V-Mail from a Female. 1943.
  • 46.
    *Valley of theSun. 1946. *Vamos a Gozar. 1943. *Village Fire Brigade. 1946. *Vine Street Blues. 1943. *Virginia, Georgia, and Caroline. 1942. *Volga Boatman. 1941, 1943. *Wabash Blues. 1946. *Wabash Cannon Ball. 1946. *Wait 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie. 1941, 1943. *Waitin' for the Train to Come In. 1945. *Waiting for the Robert E. Lee. 1941. *Walkin' by the River. 1941. *Walking on Air. 1941. *Walking with My Honey. 1945. *Walls Keep Talking. 1942. *Waltz a la Accordion. 1946. *War Dance for Wooden Indians. 1941. *Watch Out! 1946. *Watch the Birdie. 1942. *Wave-a-Stick Blues. 1942. *Way Down Yonder in New Orleans. 1941. *We Are Americans Too. 1943. *We Can Live on Love. 1941. *We Can Make Such Beautiful Music Together. 1941. *We Did It Before and We'll Do It Again. 1942. *We Go Together. 1941. *We Pitched a Boogie Woogie. 1946. *We the Cats Hep Ya. 1945. *Well All Right. 1942. *We'll Rest at the End of the Trail. 1943. *We'll Slap the Japs. 1942. *We're All Americans. 1941. *We're Stepping Out Tonight. 1945. *We're the Couple in the Castle. 1942. *Western Melodies. 1943. *Western Rhythms. 1943. *Wham. 1943. *What a Difference a Day Makes. 1946. *What a Lovely Afternoon. 1946.
  • 47.
    *What D'Ya Hearfrom Your Heart? 1941. *What Do You Do in the Infantry. 1944. *What Good Am I Without You. 1946. *What Good Is His Love. 1943. *What Has the Lady Got? 1943. *What the Country Needs. 1941. *What This Country Needs is More Love. 1941. *What To Do. 1942. *Whatcha Know. 1943. *Whatcha Know, Joe? 1941. *When a Gypsy Makes His Violin Cry. 1941. *When Are We Going To Land Abroad? 1942. *When Aunt Minnie Plays the Minuet in G. 1945. *When Good Fellows Get Together. 1942. *When Hitler Kicks the Bucket. 1943. *When I Grow Too Old To Dream. 1941. *When I Grow Up. 1944. *When Irish Eyes Are Smilin'. 1942. *When Irish Eyes Are Smiling. 1941. *When It Rains. 1943. *When It's Sleepytime Down South. 1946. *When It's Springtime in the Rockies. 1941. *When Johnny Comes Marching Home. 1943. *When My Sugar Walks Down the Street. 1942. *When Paddy McGinty Plays the Harp. 1941. *When the Bloom Is on the Sage. 1945. *When the Circus Comes to Town. 1941. *When the Roses Bloom Again. 1942. *When You and I Were Young Maggie. 1944, 1946. *When You Were Sweet Sixteen. 1946. When Your Head's in the Clouds. 1946. *Where Has My Little Dog Gone. 1942. *Where Is the Chicken in the Chicken Chow Mein. 1945. *Where the Mountains Meet the Sky. 1942, 1945. *Where the Sweet Mamas Grow. 1941. *Where Were You. 1943. *Wherever There's Me, There's You. 1946. *Whips and Tricks. 1945. *Whispering. 1946.
  • 48.
    *Whistler and HisDog. 1941. *Whistlers Mother-in-law. 1942. *White Blossoms of Tah-Ni. 1944. *White Cliffs of Dover. 1942. Who Calls. 1942. *Who Dunit to Who. 1946. *Who Dunnit. 1944. *Who Threw the Overalls in Mistress Murphy's Chowder? 1941. *Who Threw the Turtle in Mrs. Murphy's Girdle. 1946. *Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well? 1945. *Whole Bunch of Something. 1943. *Who's Been Eating My Porridge. 1944. *Who's Yehoodi? 1943. *Why Did I Fall for Abner. 1945. *Why Did I Kiss That Girl. 1945. *Why Don't We Do This More Often. 1941. *Why Don'tcha Kiss Me. 1946. *Why Dream of Love. 1946. *Wife of the Man on the Flying Trapeze. 1941. *Wiggles. 1944. *Wileing Away the Time. 1943. *Will Ya Be My Darlin'. 1946. *William Tell Overture. 1944. *Willie Willie. 1943. *Willie, Willie, Will Ya? 1941. *Window Washerman. 1946. *Winter Thrills and Spills. 1946. *Winter Wonderland. 1945. *Wise Man Say. 1945. *Wise Old Owl. 1941. *With a Twist of the Wrist. 1941. *Woo Woo. 1943. *Worm Turns. 1944. *Would You for a Big Red Apple. 1944. *Would'st Could I but Kiss Thy Hand, Oh Babe. 1942. *Wreck of the Old '97. 1945. *Write That Letter Tonight. 1945. *Xylophonia. 1943. *Ya Darn Tootin' Gabriel. 1942.
  • 49.
    *Ya Fine andHealthy Thing. 1945. *Ya Sure—Ya Betcha. 1942. *Yankee Doodle Junior. 1944. *Yankee Doodle Never Went to Town. 1944. *Yankee Doodle Polka. 1941. *Yankee Doodler. 1942. *Yee Hoo Polka. 1946. *Yes, Indeed! 1941. *Yodel. 1943. *You Always Hurt the One You Love. 1944. *You Appeal to Me. 1941. *You Are My Lucky Star. 1943. *You Are My Sunshine. 1943. *You Belong to My Heart. 1945. You Call It Madness. 1946. *You Can't Fool about Love. 1943. *You Gotta Be a Football Hero. 1946. *You Gotta Talk Me into It, Baby. 1944. *You, Lovely You. 1946. *You Made Me Love You. 1942. *You Never Know. 1946. *You Stepped Out of the Picture. 1945. *You Walk By. 1941. *You'll Have To Swing It. 1942. *Your Dog Loves My Dog. 1943. *Your Feet's Too Big. 1941, 1946. *You're a Grand Old Flag. 1941. *You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith. 1941. *You're a Shot in the Arm. 1942. *You're Dangerous. 1941. *You're in Love with Everyone. 1941. *You're the One Rose. 1943. *You're Unfair to Me. 1941. *Yours. 1945. *You've Got Everything. 1946. *You've Never Lived. 1946. *Zig Me Baby with a Gentle Zag. 1941. *Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart. 1941. *Zoot. 1946.
  • 50.
    *Zoot Suit. 1942. SOUNDIESFILMS, INC. *Adventure. 1946. *All in Favor Say Aye. 1946. *All My Gratitude. 1946. *Blow the Man Down. 1946. *Broadway. 1946. *Bumble Bee Hop. 1946. *Carmen. 1946. *Catalogue Cowboy. 1946. *Chi-Chi-Castenango. 1946. *Coalmine Boogie. 1946. *Corte Tubo. 1946. *Cowgirl Polka. 1946. *Dance of the Spanish Onion. 1946. *Dream, Dream, Dream. 1946. *Everybody's Jumpin' Now. 1946. *Georgie Porgie. 1946. *Get Happy. 1946. *Give Me Some Skin. 1946. *Harem Revels. 1944. *Hula Rumba. 1946. *I Cried for You. 1946. *I May Be Wrong. 1946. *I Want To Talk About You. 1946. *I'm Learning To Speak English. 1946. *Island Melody. 1946. *Judo Jymnastics. 1946, 1947. *La Paloma. 1946. *Lonesome Lover Blues. 1946. *Love Makes the World Go 'Round. 1946. *Mistletoe. 1946. *Models on Parade. 1946, 1947. *Moon over Miami. 1946. *Old Chisholm Trail. 1946. *Poi My Boy. 1946. *Prisoner of Love. 1946. *Rhumba Swing. 1946.
  • 51.
    *Rhythm in aRiff. 1946. *Russian Guitars. 1946. *Silver Spurs. 1946. *Song of the Sea. 1946. *Splash Happy. 1946. *Sugar Babe. 1946. *Tantalizin'. 1946. *Tropicana. 1946. *Twas Love. 1946. *When Your Head's in the Clouds. 1946. *You Call It Madness. 1946. SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS. *Grinding and Use of Basic Lathe Tool Cutter Bits. 1949. *Metal Working Lathe. 1941. *Plain Turning on the Metal Working Lathe. 1941. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, INC. *Partners in Progress. 1949. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PICTURES. *Women in the Night. 1947. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PICTURES, S. A. *Women in the Night. 1947. SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL FILM PRODUCTION SERVICE. Feeling All Right. 1949. *Timber Growing Today. 1915. SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY. *Connecticut Answers! 1941. *Connecticut Answers!—Connecticut Fights! 1942. SOWERS, ALICE. Are You Popular? 1947. Shy Guy. 1947. SPACE, KENNETH F. *Fluffy, the Kitten. 1941. SPALTER INTERNATIONAL PICTURES, INC. *Wench. 1948.
  • 52.
    SPANUTH, HANS AUGUST,d.b.a. FILM STUDIOS OF CHICAGO. SEE Film Studios of Chicago. SPEARMAN, FRANK H. Whispering Smith. 1949. SPECIAL PICTURES, INC. *Young Widow. 1946. SPENCE, HARTZELL. One Foot in Heaven. 1941. SPENCER, FRANZ G. Born To Sing. 1942. Down in San Diego. 1941. Masquerade in Mexico. 1945. Pacific Blackout. 1941. SPENCER, JEANNE. Adventure in Washington. 1941. SPEYER, WILHELM. Night of Adventure. 1944. SPIGELGASS, LEONARD. All Through the Night. 1942. Million Dollar Baby. 1941. SPILLER, LEE. Geometry in Action. 1940. SPITZ, RENÉ A. *Autoerotism in Infancy. 1948. *First 15 Minutes of Life. 1947. *Genesis of Emotions. 1948. *Grasping. 1949. *Grief, a Peril in Infancy. 1947. *Smile of the Baby. 1947. *Smiling Response. 1948. *Somatic Consequences of Emotional Starvation in Infants. 1948. SPORT FILM SLIDES, INC. T Formation. 1946. SPORTS PARADE.
  • 53.
    Arrow Magic. 1947. Battleof Champs. 1946. SPRAGUE, CHANDLER. Guy Named Joe. 1944. SPRING, HOWARD. My Son, My Son! 1940. SPRINGER PICTURES, INC. *Aerial Dead Reckoning. 1944. *Aerial Map Reading. 1944. *Dead Reckoning Plotting and Celestial Lines of Position. (Serial) *Fog Piloting. 1943. *Night Piloting. 1944. *Piloting. 1943. *Sextant. (Serial) *Time in the Air. 1943. SPRUCK, HENRY. *Springboard for Champions. 1942. SQUARE DEAL PICTURES CORPORATION. *Coney Island. 1947. *Miracle of Christmas. 1948. *Psalmody. 1946. *Religion in the Family. 1945. *Sons of God. 1946. SQUIBB (E. R.) AND SONS. *Endotracheal Anesthesia. 1948. Rx. 1947. SQUIER, EMMA LINDSAY. Angry God. 1948. STACPOOLE, H. DEVERE. Man Who Lost Himself. 1941. STAHL, JOHN M. Our Wife. 1941. STANDARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. No Time To Lose. 1945.
  • 54.
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