This document provides an overview of learning Linux. It begins with an introduction to Linux and covers shell commands, Linux servers, Linux desktops, and popular Linux distributions. It then focuses on Ubuntu releases, listing version numbers and code names from 2004 to present. References for further learning include a Linux basics textbook and an edX course. The document outlines the Linux file system and partition structure. It provides an example /etc/fstab file. It also covers shell commands, I/O redirections, and navigation, downloading, text processing, help, system information, storage, and intermediate text processing commands.

1. Learn Linux
birdming

2. Outline
• Linux Introduction
• Shell Command
• Linux Server
• Linux Desktop

3. Linux Distribution
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• Linux Mint (Desktop)
• Fedora
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• CentOS
• DistroWatch.com

4. Ubuntu Releases
Version Code name Release date
Supported until
Desktop Server
10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx 2010-04-29 2013-05-09 2015-04
10.10 Maverick Meerkat 2010-10-10 2012-04-10
11.04 Natty Narwhal 2011-04-28 2012-10-28
11.10 Oneiric Ocelot 2011-10-13 2013-05-09
12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin 2012-04-26 2017-04
12.10 Quantal Quetzal 2012-10-18 2014-05-16
13.04 Raring Ringtail 2013-04-25 2014-01-27
13.10 Saucy Salamander 2013-10-17 2014-07-17
14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr 2014-04-17 2019-04
14.10 Utopic Unicorn 2014-10-23 2015-07
15.04 Vivid Vervet 2015-04 2016-01
Ref. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)

5. Reference
• 鳥哥的私房菜
(http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/)
• edX LFS101x
(https://courses.edx.org/courses/LinuxFou
ndationX/LFS101x/)

6. File System Basics
/ (root)
/bin /usr /tmp /home
/k100
/dev /etc /var
tty fd
File
Directory

7. Partition

8. /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=f3e702a2-6bdb-431f-84bc-439507499ea4 / ext4
discard,noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=a64fe945-d53e-4162-8ef3-4a720bdefe34 none swap sw 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=0755 0 0
UUID=10029cc7-ff20-405f-b6c2-9283d86bd371 /home ext4
noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0 1

9. Shell Command
• Ref.
https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/startup/lecture_slides/l
ecture4a-linux-command-line.pdf
• Navigation File System
• Downloading and Syncing
• Basic Text Processing
• Help
• System and Program information
• Superuser
• Storage and Finding
• Intermediate Text Processing
• Backticks

10. I/O Redirections
• Output redirection
• who > users
• Input redirection
• wc -l < users
• Here document
• wc -l << EOF
• Discard the output
• command > /dev/null
• Pipe
• ifconfig | more
• Merge
• File descriptor of stdin = 0
• File descriptor of stdout = 1
• File descriptor of stderr = 2
• make 2>&1
Ref. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-io-redirections.htm
Further Study: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html