This document summarizes a research project on energy vulnerability in Europe. It discusses how the project aims to establish the driving forces of energy poverty across Europe, with a focus on post-socialist states, using multi-scalar and multi-method approaches. It also reviews data sources for measuring energy vulnerability factors and presents findings on regions at risk. Finally, it introduces a new European Energy Poverty Observatory knowledge hub project to catalyze insights and policies around energy poverty.
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This paper introduces a new household-level composite index that captures both the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty related issues in households across the European
Union from 2007 to 2011. Building on earlier research by Healy (2004), EPEE (2009), Thomson and Snell (2013), and Bouzarovski (2013), this index utilises the following three key indicators: whether households can afford to keep their homes warm; if households have incurred arrears on utility bills over the preceding twelve months; and if they live in damp,leaking, or rotten housing. Using micro data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living
Conditions, the paper starts by exploring the correlations between the three indicators, before comparing the overall characteristics of households that report none, one, two, or all three of the key indicators. This is the first measure to date to show the interrelation of fuel poverty issues at the household level across Europe. The index shows that between 2007 and 2011 around 20 per cent of EU households were experiencing at least one indicator, in the region of 5 per cent of households faced two indicators, and just over 1 per cent of households consistently reported experiencing all three dimensions associated with fuel poverty, highlighting the pervasive and enduring nature of fuel poverty in Europe.
Exploring the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty in the EUHarriet Thomson
Presentation at 'Fuel poverty and energy vulnerability in Europe: New research findings and opportunities', organised by the Centre for Urban Resilience and Energy and cities@manchester, 14th May 2015.
This paper introduces a new household-level composite index that captures both the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty related issues in households across the European Union.
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Workshop: Integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources in District Energy Systems: Focus on Belarus
IRENA - The International Renewable Energy Agency, February 3rd, 2021
Harriet Thomson - Exploring the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty in th...Harriet Thomson
This paper introduces a new household-level composite index that captures both the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty related issues in households across the European
Union from 2007 to 2011. Building on earlier research by Healy (2004), EPEE (2009), Thomson and Snell (2013), and Bouzarovski (2013), this index utilises the following three key indicators: whether households can afford to keep their homes warm; if households have incurred arrears on utility bills over the preceding twelve months; and if they live in damp,leaking, or rotten housing. Using micro data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living
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Exploring the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty in the EUHarriet Thomson
Presentation at 'Fuel poverty and energy vulnerability in Europe: New research findings and opportunities', organised by the Centre for Urban Resilience and Energy and cities@manchester, 14th May 2015.
This paper introduces a new household-level composite index that captures both the incidence and intensity of fuel poverty related issues in households across the European Union.
Energy Show 2022 - Deep Retrofit, Insulation and Recovery PlanSustainableEnergyAut
The National Insulation Association of Ireland (NIAI) will host a seminar during the SEAI Energy Show (RDS, 30-31 March 2022) on the importance of deep retrofit and how a fabric first approach incorporation insulation is essential to realise Ireland's energy and carbon reduction targets. Other key factors that are an essential part of the overall package, such as airtightness and new technologies, will also be discussed.
This seminar is an integral part of the programme and complements the best practice insulation demonstration that will take place on the dedicated Demonstration Arena on the Show Floor.
ECCE Webinar: The Value of Energy-Efficiency in the Housing SectorECCE_UM
Europe has a large public housing sector, about 15-20 percent of the housing stock, where very little is known about the financial outcomes of energy-efficiency investments in the building sector. In this slidedeck, Andrea Chegut and Rogier Holtermans present the financial outcomes of energy-efficiency investments in the public housing sector.
The European Commission has big goals to reduce total energy consumption. To achieve that goal, regulatory nudges and financial investments are striving towards increasing the energy-efficiency of the housing sector. As part of that goal, the Building Energy Efficiency for Massive Market Uptake (BEEM-Up) Program, an EU 7thFramework Program project, delivers some first results on the engineering feasibility and financial performance of existing building retrofits that reduce primary energy demand in buildings by 75 percent.
Academically this is also very interesting as to date, studies using measurement tools like Energy Performance Certificates document a positive impact from high energy-efficiency in buildings on their transaction or rental value in residential and commercial real estate markets. However, most of these studies focus on the private housing or commercial real estate markets. This webinar, shares the financial performance and feasibility of energy-efficiency for the public housing sector.
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Slides presented at the 3rd General Assembly of the H2020 S2S4E project explaining the role of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in supporting a fair and effective Energy Union
Aurelio Fetz, from the Swiss Energy Ministry, presented the Swiss energy strategy and current DSM research projects at the Task 24 workshop in Luzern, October 15, 2013.
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Adrian Joyce
Antongiulio Marin
Michel Lepetit
Matthieu Auzanneau
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A cleaner, secure and affordable energy future is a balanced and achievable outcome for Australia. Can we move from the chaos of the past to an orderly transition.
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Landscapes of energy vulnerability in Europe
1. Landscapes of energy
vulnerability in Europe
Dr Harriet Thomson
Professor Stefan Bouzarovski
Dr Saska Petrova
Dr Neil Simcock
University of Manchester
2. The EVALUATE project
Energy Vulnerability and Urban Transitions in Europe
www.urban-energy.org
• Five-year European Research Council funded project
• PI: Professor Stefan Bouzarovski
• Aims to establish the driving forces of urban energy poverty
across Europe with a special focus on post-socialist states
• Multi-scalar: institutions, households, and buildings
• Multi-methods: interviews, energy diaries, local surveys,
statistical modelling of national datasets, and more
3. • Energy poverty = descriptor of a state
• Energy vulnerability = the risk of falling into energy poverty
• Studying energy vulnerability means examining the broader conditions and
dynamics that (re)produce energy poverty, and how these are distributed
across space and time
Access Affordability
Energy efficiencyFlexibility
Needs
Time(Bouzarovski and Petrova, 2015)
Practices
Theoretical positioning:
From energy poverty to energy vulnerability
4. European research context
• No common definition or understanding
• No dedicated survey of energy poverty
Data
• Household Budget Survey (HBS)
• EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC)
• European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)
• Eurobarometer (72.1, 74.1, 73.2+73.3)
5. (In)adequacy of data for measuring energy
vulnerability
EV Factor
Data Source
HBS SILC EQLS Eurobarometer
Access ~ ✗ ✗ ✗
Affordability ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Flexibility ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Energy
efficiency ✗ ~ ~ ~
Needs ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
Practices ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Source: Thomson et al., (2017) Rethinking the measurement of energy poverty in Europe: a critical
analysis of indicators and data. Indoor and Built Environment, 10.1177/1420326X17699260
6. 2010 Equal 2010 Severity
Finland 1 1
Denmark 2 2
Sweden 3 3
Luxembourg 4 4
Slovakia 5 6
Netherlands 6 5
Czechia 7 7
Austria 8 8
Germany 9 9
France 10 10
UK 11 11
Belgium 12 12
Ireland 13 13
Estonia 14 14
Malta 15 15
Spain 16 16
Italy 17 17
Poland 18 18
Hungary 19 20
Greece 20 19
Lithuania 21 22
Slovenia 22 21
Portugal 23 23
Romania 24 24
Latvia 25 25
Cyprus 26 26
Bulgaria 27 27
Key:
a = % of households reporting 1 indicator
b = % of households reporting 2 indicators
c = % of households reporting 3 indicators
Scenario 1 - Equal weighting:
0.3333 a + 0.3333 b + 0.3333 c
Scenario 2 - Severity weighting:
0.1667 a + 0.3333 b + 0.5000 c
SILC-based index
PhD research using SILC micro data 2007-2011
Three key proxy indicators were used:
1. Ability to afford to keep the home warm
2. Arrears on utility bills in the last 12 months
3. Leaking roof, damp, and/or rot in the home
7. Regions at risk
• 52 million + households in EU27
(Thomson, 2015)
• Reflects existing regional structural
inequalities (Bouzarovski and Tirado
Herrero, 2015)
• Southern, Central and Eastern
Europe most at risk of fuel poverty
2010 Equal 2010 Severity
Finland 1 1
Denmark 2 2
Sweden 3 3
Luxembourg 4 4
Slovakia 5 6
Netherlands 6 5
Czechia 7 7
Austria 8 8
Germany 9 9
France 10 10
UK 11 11
Belgium 12 12
Ireland 13 13
Estonia 14 14
Malta 15 15
Spain 16 16
Italy 17 17
Poland 18 18
Hungary 19 20
Greece 20 19
Lithuania 21 22
Slovenia 22 21
Portugal 23 23
Romania 24 24
Latvia 25 25
Cyprus 26 26
Bulgaria 27 27
8. Southern Europe:
• Indoor heating is required at various points
throughout the year
• Poor energy efficiency standards
• Challenging macroeconomic circumstances
and prolonged fiscal austerity
• High levels of dependence on imported
energy in island states of Cyprus and Malta
• Growing electrification for indoor cooling and
appliances
2010 Equal 2010 Severity
Finland 1 1
Denmark 2 2
Sweden 3 3
Luxembourg 4 4
Slovakia 5 6
Netherlands 6 5
Czechia 7 7
Austria 8 8
Germany 9 9
France 10 10
UK 11 11
Belgium 12 12
Ireland 13 13
Estonia 14 14
Malta 15 15
Spain 16 16
Italy 17 17
Poland 18 18
Hungary 19 20
Greece 20 19
Lithuania 21 22
Slovenia 22 21
Portugal 23 23
Romania 24 24
Latvia 25 25
Cyprus 26 26
Bulgaria 27 27
Regions at risk
9. Central and Eastern Europe:
• Rapid and substantial restructuring to move
towards a market-based economy
• Measures included austerity, widespread
privatisation, and deregulation of economy
• Income inequalities and decreased
purchasing power
• Very poor housing stock quality
• Liberalisation of energy markets resulted in
removal of subsidies, but no safety nets
2010 Equal 2010 Severity
Finland 1 1
Denmark 2 2
Sweden 3 3
Luxembourg 4 4
Slovakia 5 6
Netherlands 6 5
Czechia 7 7
Austria 8 8
Germany 9 9
France 10 10
UK 11 11
Belgium 12 12
Ireland 13 13
Estonia 14 14
Malta 15 15
Spain 16 16
Italy 17 17
Poland 18 18
Hungary 19 20
Greece 20 19
Lithuania 21 22
Slovenia 22 21
Portugal 23 23
Romania 24 24
Latvia 25 25
Cyprus 26 26
Bulgaria 27 27
Regions at risk
10. EVALUATE study findings
• Energy poverty varies spatially and temporally
• Summertime cooling is a significant issue
• Different indicator sets may pick up vulnerabilities
specific to particular European countries
• Typologies that challenge notions of vulnerability:
• Short-term residents - often renters and in early adulthood
• Working age families - often in full employment and with
school-aged children
• Highly educated households in poor quality and/or
expensive housing
12. European Energy Poverty Observatory
(EPOV)
• New 40 month project, started December 2016
• Funded by the European Commission, ca. €813,000
• Led by the University of Manchester, in partnership
with five partners from across Europe
– Ecofys
– European Policy Centre
– Intrasoft International
– National Energy Action
– Wuppertal Institute
13. Knowledge hub for action
• Aims to engender transformational change in
knowledge about energy poverty
Provide an outwardly-facing comprehensive
information resource;
Catalyse the development of cutting-edge insights;
Assist the formulation and implementation of
innovative policies and practices
14. Engage with EPOV!
• Join the mailing list: https://goo.gl/SLFuVe
• Twitter: #EPOV @EPOV_EU
• New interactive web portal launching late 2017
– Contribute documents to the evidence repository
– Submit schemes to our catalogue of measures
– Become a member, write blog articles, visit discussion forums
• Attend our events
– Launch conference in early 2018 in Brussels
– Specialist workshops elsewhere in Europe