The document discusses strategies to reduce software development costs. It explains that software costs include all expenses from research through development and production. Key factors that impact costs are programmer ability, client requirements, project complexity, licensing, and timelines. The document recommends embracing open-source software, minimizing third-party integrations, and simplifying designs to reduce costs. It also provides examples of measuring product, process, and project metrics to optimize costs. Two case studies demonstrate how scope creep, inaccurate estimates, resource issues, and risks can lead to overruns and strategies like scope management and risk planning to mitigate costs.