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LA CONTRACCIÓ MUSCULAR. BIOQUÍMICA
 ESTRUCTURA MUSCULAR
 Cilíndrica i allargada.10 i 100 micres de diàmetre i 30 cm de
longitud.
 La membrana: sarcolema penetra fent invaginacions formant
els túbuls T. Aquests posseeixen característiques elèctriques i
mecàniques de transport actiu.
 Substàncies dissoltes com enzims glucolítics, ATP, ADP,
proteïnes, electròlits... També apareixen uns orgànuls com:
 Nucli: apareixeran més d’un perquè la fibra muscular és
polinucleada. Estan a la superfície.
 Retícul sarcoplasmàtic: en aquest hi ha les cisternes amb Ca que
juntament amb els túbuls T formen la triada. Disposa de mecanisme
de transport actiu i bomba de Ca.
 Mitocòndries: es troba entre les miofibrilles.
 Miofibrilles: òrgan específic que s’encarrega de la contracció
muscular.
 BANDA CLARA “I”
 BANDA FOSCA “A”
 LÍNA “Z”
 ZONA “H”
 LÍNIA “M”
 MIOSINA: filament gruixut. Conté caps orientats lateralment i està situada
tant a la banda I com la A.
 ACTINA: filament prim. Està format per dues cadenes de actina “”.
(globular) que es creuen cada 7 monòmers, situat a la banda “I”.
 TROPOMIOSINA: També hi ha una altra cadena de tropomiosina que
recobreix els centres actius de la miosina.
 TROPONINA: que es repeteix cada 7 monòmers per dues vegades unit a
l’actina i la tropomiosina
 MOVIMENT DEL SARCÒMER
 El sarcòmer s’escurça i s’allarga degut a les unions entre actina i miosina
(el cap) per formar els ponts creuatsponts creuats. Una flexió d’aquests caps units a
l’actina són els causants d’aquest escurçament del sarcòmer. I la suma
de molts sarcòmers produeix la contracció: escurçament del múscul.
Despesa d’energia 2 ATP per cada pont creuat
 POTENCIAL D’ACCIÓ MUSCULAR I PONT CREUAT
 Estímul nerviós arriba a la placa motora
 Allibera acetilcolina
 Potencial d’acció es bidirecciona x 2 costats del sarcolema de la
fibra
 Es produeixen alteracions de les càrregues elèctriques de les
cisternes del sarcoplasma i túbuls T.
 Això farà sortir massivament els ions negatius de Ca
 Es difonen entre les miofibrilles per unir-se a la troponina.
 Queden els centres actius de l’actina descoberts per unir caps
miosina.
 Es forma pont creuat.
 2 ATP per generar la flexió
 Escurçament del sarcòmer CONTRACCIÓ MUSCULAR
 Stop d’impulsos nerviosos
 Bomba de Ca en acció, tornen unions al retícul
 Despesa de un ATP per cada 2 molècules que entren
 Concentració baixa Ca troponina allibera Ca i
tapa centres actius
 Es desfan els ponts creuats

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La contraccio muscular. bioquímica

  • 2.  ESTRUCTURA MUSCULAR  Cilíndrica i allargada.10 i 100 micres de diàmetre i 30 cm de longitud.  La membrana: sarcolema penetra fent invaginacions formant els túbuls T. Aquests posseeixen característiques elèctriques i mecàniques de transport actiu.  Substàncies dissoltes com enzims glucolítics, ATP, ADP, proteïnes, electròlits... També apareixen uns orgànuls com:  Nucli: apareixeran més d’un perquè la fibra muscular és polinucleada. Estan a la superfície.  Retícul sarcoplasmàtic: en aquest hi ha les cisternes amb Ca que juntament amb els túbuls T formen la triada. Disposa de mecanisme de transport actiu i bomba de Ca.  Mitocòndries: es troba entre les miofibrilles.  Miofibrilles: òrgan específic que s’encarrega de la contracció muscular.
  • 3.  BANDA CLARA “I”  BANDA FOSCA “A”  LÍNA “Z”  ZONA “H”  LÍNIA “M”
  • 4.  MIOSINA: filament gruixut. Conté caps orientats lateralment i està situada tant a la banda I com la A.  ACTINA: filament prim. Està format per dues cadenes de actina “”. (globular) que es creuen cada 7 monòmers, situat a la banda “I”.  TROPOMIOSINA: També hi ha una altra cadena de tropomiosina que recobreix els centres actius de la miosina.  TROPONINA: que es repeteix cada 7 monòmers per dues vegades unit a l’actina i la tropomiosina
  • 5.  MOVIMENT DEL SARCÒMER  El sarcòmer s’escurça i s’allarga degut a les unions entre actina i miosina (el cap) per formar els ponts creuatsponts creuats. Una flexió d’aquests caps units a l’actina són els causants d’aquest escurçament del sarcòmer. I la suma de molts sarcòmers produeix la contracció: escurçament del múscul. Despesa d’energia 2 ATP per cada pont creuat
  • 6.  POTENCIAL D’ACCIÓ MUSCULAR I PONT CREUAT  Estímul nerviós arriba a la placa motora  Allibera acetilcolina  Potencial d’acció es bidirecciona x 2 costats del sarcolema de la fibra  Es produeixen alteracions de les càrregues elèctriques de les cisternes del sarcoplasma i túbuls T.  Això farà sortir massivament els ions negatius de Ca  Es difonen entre les miofibrilles per unir-se a la troponina.  Queden els centres actius de l’actina descoberts per unir caps miosina.  Es forma pont creuat.  2 ATP per generar la flexió  Escurçament del sarcòmer CONTRACCIÓ MUSCULAR
  • 7.  Stop d’impulsos nerviosos  Bomba de Ca en acció, tornen unions al retícul  Despesa de un ATP per cada 2 molècules que entren  Concentració baixa Ca troponina allibera Ca i tapa centres actius  Es desfan els ponts creuats