The document discusses the Korean ethnic community in Ukraine in the context of changes to Ukraine's ethnic-national population structure and ethnic renaissance. It analyzes whether Koreans can be considered a national minority based on criteria like ethnic origin, population size, citizenship, compact settlement areas, and efforts to preserve ethnic identity and culture. While Koreans immigrated to Ukraine recently, the document argues they can now be viewed as a national minority due to establishing communities, organizations to maintain their culture, and constituting a small but distinct ethnic group with Ukrainian citizenship.
Ukraines ethnic minorities between politics and realityyevtukh
This document discusses Ukraine's ethnic minorities and the country's policies toward them. It notes that Ukraine has over 120 ethnic groups and its population can be considered multiethnic. It then outlines some key aspects of what constitutes an ethnic minority, including shared descent, culture, and identity. It describes Ukraine's laws guaranteeing equal rights and supporting minority language and cultural development. However, it argues that strong ethnic minority structures are also important for preserving distinctiveness. Many of Ukraine's minorities are still establishing institutional structures after Soviet policies of forming a single Soviet people. Coordinating with ethnic homelands could help minorities and integrate them without conflict into Ukrainian society.
This document discusses two approaches to analyzing sub-national movements: 1) a rational choice perspective focusing on political actors manipulating identity and interests, and 2) a transcultural perspective accounting for cultural flows and hybridization. It uses the Telengana movement in India as a case study, first analyzing it through the rational choice lens, then considering how a transcultural approach could provide additional insights. Key points addressed include how the Telengana movement challenges theories of sub-national movements being resolved once accommodated, implications for understanding cultural nationalism, and policy recommendations for states facing sub-national challenges.
This document summarizes an ethnographic study of cultural events organized by young Russian Israelis in Tel Aviv to celebrate their collective memory and claim belonging. The study is based on participant observation of four public celebrations held by the Fishka cultural association: International Women's Day, Passover Seder, Memouna celebrations, and Holocaust Remembrance Day. These events blend Russian-Soviet, Jewish, and Israeli traditions and allow the young immigrants to express their hybrid identity and reinforce their visibility and place in Tel Aviv's diverse urban culture.
The document discusses the role of television fiction in nation building. It examines how television represents national identity through localization, language, cultural symbols, and history. It analyzes how the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network builds nationhood for Indigenous peoples in Canada through storytelling traditions, celebrating accomplishments, and issues of importance to Aboriginal communities. The network uses television to share culture, inspire children, and honor elders in a way that affirms First Nations identity and sovereignty.
This document is the introduction and first two chapters of a dissertation submitted for a Masters in International Public Policy at UCL in September 2015. The dissertation examines the sociological origins of nationalism through a comparative analysis of how national ethnic identities came to supersede other forms of affiliation in the USA during the Civil War and Japan during the Meiji Restoration. The introduction outlines the research questions and comparative case study methodology. Chapter 1 provides context on debates around nationalism. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on two main theoretical approaches to nationalism - primordialism which sees nationalism deriving from ancient roots, and modernism which views nationalism as a modern social construction.
History of-oromo-social-organization-gadaa-grades-based-rolesSRC
This document provides an overview of the Gadaa system of social organization among the Oromo people. Some key points:
- The Gadaa system divided Oromo men into grades based on eight-year increments, with different socio-political roles and responsibilities associated with each grade.
- It was an age-set system that provided structure to Oromo society and allowed members to progress through stages from childhood to adulthood to old age.
- Scholars debate the origins of the Gadaa system but many believe it developed from similar practices among other Eastern Cushitic peoples in the Horn of Africa, evolving over time to become more complex and unique among the Oromo.
Oromo peoplehood historical and cultural overviewSRC
This document provides an overview of Oromo peoplehood from a historical and cultural perspective. It discusses the origins and branches of the Oromo people and their traditional system of governance known as gada. The gada system organized Oromo society democratically based on principles of checks and balances, power sharing, and universal male suffrage. It also discusses how the Oromo expanded their territory in the 16th-17th centuries through a system of defensive and offensive wars organized by the gada system. The document outlines the structure of the gada system and how it organized Oromo society, as well as elements of Oromo cultural knowledge, worldviews, and traditions that persisted despite changes over time.
Ukraines ethnic minorities between politics and realityyevtukh
This document discusses Ukraine's ethnic minorities and the country's policies toward them. It notes that Ukraine has over 120 ethnic groups and its population can be considered multiethnic. It then outlines some key aspects of what constitutes an ethnic minority, including shared descent, culture, and identity. It describes Ukraine's laws guaranteeing equal rights and supporting minority language and cultural development. However, it argues that strong ethnic minority structures are also important for preserving distinctiveness. Many of Ukraine's minorities are still establishing institutional structures after Soviet policies of forming a single Soviet people. Coordinating with ethnic homelands could help minorities and integrate them without conflict into Ukrainian society.
This document discusses two approaches to analyzing sub-national movements: 1) a rational choice perspective focusing on political actors manipulating identity and interests, and 2) a transcultural perspective accounting for cultural flows and hybridization. It uses the Telengana movement in India as a case study, first analyzing it through the rational choice lens, then considering how a transcultural approach could provide additional insights. Key points addressed include how the Telengana movement challenges theories of sub-national movements being resolved once accommodated, implications for understanding cultural nationalism, and policy recommendations for states facing sub-national challenges.
This document summarizes an ethnographic study of cultural events organized by young Russian Israelis in Tel Aviv to celebrate their collective memory and claim belonging. The study is based on participant observation of four public celebrations held by the Fishka cultural association: International Women's Day, Passover Seder, Memouna celebrations, and Holocaust Remembrance Day. These events blend Russian-Soviet, Jewish, and Israeli traditions and allow the young immigrants to express their hybrid identity and reinforce their visibility and place in Tel Aviv's diverse urban culture.
The document discusses the role of television fiction in nation building. It examines how television represents national identity through localization, language, cultural symbols, and history. It analyzes how the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network builds nationhood for Indigenous peoples in Canada through storytelling traditions, celebrating accomplishments, and issues of importance to Aboriginal communities. The network uses television to share culture, inspire children, and honor elders in a way that affirms First Nations identity and sovereignty.
This document is the introduction and first two chapters of a dissertation submitted for a Masters in International Public Policy at UCL in September 2015. The dissertation examines the sociological origins of nationalism through a comparative analysis of how national ethnic identities came to supersede other forms of affiliation in the USA during the Civil War and Japan during the Meiji Restoration. The introduction outlines the research questions and comparative case study methodology. Chapter 1 provides context on debates around nationalism. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on two main theoretical approaches to nationalism - primordialism which sees nationalism deriving from ancient roots, and modernism which views nationalism as a modern social construction.
History of-oromo-social-organization-gadaa-grades-based-rolesSRC
This document provides an overview of the Gadaa system of social organization among the Oromo people. Some key points:
- The Gadaa system divided Oromo men into grades based on eight-year increments, with different socio-political roles and responsibilities associated with each grade.
- It was an age-set system that provided structure to Oromo society and allowed members to progress through stages from childhood to adulthood to old age.
- Scholars debate the origins of the Gadaa system but many believe it developed from similar practices among other Eastern Cushitic peoples in the Horn of Africa, evolving over time to become more complex and unique among the Oromo.
Oromo peoplehood historical and cultural overviewSRC
This document provides an overview of Oromo peoplehood from a historical and cultural perspective. It discusses the origins and branches of the Oromo people and their traditional system of governance known as gada. The gada system organized Oromo society democratically based on principles of checks and balances, power sharing, and universal male suffrage. It also discusses how the Oromo expanded their territory in the 16th-17th centuries through a system of defensive and offensive wars organized by the gada system. The document outlines the structure of the gada system and how it organized Oromo society, as well as elements of Oromo cultural knowledge, worldviews, and traditions that persisted despite changes over time.
1. The Turkish Ethnography Museum in Ankara was opened in 1930 as part of the new Turkish Republic's project to build up its new capital city. The museum played an essential role in constructing a Turkish national identity and translating the regime's nationalist ideology into material form.
2. The museum brought together artifacts from across Turkey without historical or geographic context, obscuring their origins but inserting a narrative of a shared Turkish culture and civilization. This helped establish the idea of a timeless Turkish identity rooted in Anatolia.
3. The museum also served to sever ties to transnational identities like Islam that conflicted with the nation-state. It reframed Islamic heritage as Turkish and stripped religious significance from artifacts
Disjuncture and difference in Global Cultural Economy - Prepared by Fiza Zia ...Dr. Fiza Zia Ul Hannan
This shared information highlights challenges of homogenization of culture and how those challenges offer a framework for exploring dis-junctures that could appear with cultural homogenization.
Enchanted Folk Music and the Development of Cultural Capital: Lithuania’s Mil...Emily Daina Šaras
AABS Poster. Enchanted Folk Music and the Development of Cultural Capital: Lithuania’s Millennial National Brand. Yale University, Spring 2014, Emily Daina Saras.
The document discusses theories of nationalism and the origins and development of national identities. It outlines the key theories of Smith, Anderson, and Gellner for understanding the emergence of nations and nation-states. Smith argues nations emerge from pre-modern ethnic communities, while Anderson views nations as imagined communities enabled by print capitalism. Gellner sees nations as imposed from above through state-driven standardization and education. National identities can develop and produce nationalism, which may lead to the political creation of nation-states. Prior identities do not disappear entirely.
This document summarizes strategies and activities of an organization working to prevent border conflicts in Ukraine. The organization addresses identity, ethnic, religious, and historical conflicts through local activist and authority task forces. Its mission is to prevent and transform violent conflicts in Ukraine. Key activities include developing historical dialogues, integrating internally displaced persons, increasing social capital among female peacebuilders, and establishing civil-military administrations to enhance security and community relations with police. The organization provides peacebuilding education and trains journalists and activists to resist disinformation and strengthen public communication.
This document discusses ethnic problems and regulations in Ukraine. It notes that Ukraine has a multi-ethnic population composition, like many other countries. Discrimination and inequality faced by some ethnic and immigrant groups is caused by factors like unsatisfactory socioeconomic development, weak social infrastructure for minorities, and deficient legislation regarding minority rights. Some groups that sometimes feel uncomfortable or experience discrimination include Bulgarians, Armenians, Gagauzians, Greeks, Jews, Karaims, Crimean Tatars, Krymchaks, Germans, Roma, Russians, Romanians, Hungarians, and immigrants from Asia, Africa and the Caucasus. Problems occur in legislative, socio-economic, socio-humanitarian, public/political,
Russkiye in Ukraine: Myth Versus Realities or Vice Versayevtukh
This document discusses myths about the socio-economic, political, and cultural situation of Russkiye (ethnic Russians) in Ukraine. It identifies several common myths, including that Russkiye are under pressure from Ukrainian nationalist forces seeking to eliminate Russian language and culture, and that Russkiyesness (Russian identity) is rapidly deforming and becoming extinct. The document analyzes the sources and spread of these myths by Ukrainian and Russian researchers and publicists. It proposes to examine claims about Russkiye in Ukraine using reliable information and data in order to assess the validity of these myths.
New ethnicities – New problems. Immigrants in Ukrainian Social Spaceyevtukh
This document discusses immigrants in Ukrainian social space and the challenges they present. It begins by establishing the timeliness of studying this issue given trends of increasing globalization and ethnic diversity. It then seeks to define key terms like "Ukrainian social space" and "new ethnicities" to provide context. The document describes Ukrainian social space as having taken on characteristics of a "container society" due to Ukraine's recent independence, but also notes factors weakening this, like transnational migration trends. It analyzes Ukraine's ethnic composition based on census data, noting the Ukrainian ethnicity is largest but that criteria for classifying minorities is unclear. The purpose is to understand challenges immigrants pose for Ukrainian society and seek integrative models for development.
Ethnic minorities in Ukraine have experienced a revival since independence in 1991, with growing ethnic self-awareness and participation in social, economic, and political life. This is evidenced by increases in minority populations between censuses from 1989 to 2001, the formation of over 1,300 civic organizations, and growth in schools teaching minority languages. However, this revival has also led to tensions, as minorities strive for autonomy and separatism, and compete for influence, causing issues between groups like Crimean Tatars and Russians. To manage tensions, Ukraine needs effective ethnic cultural management, ethnic cultural competence, and intercultural education to foster understanding between groups.
This document discusses the social organization of cultural distinctiveness and ethnicity. It addresses the main topics of ascription as a decisive feature of ethnicity, boundary maintenance, boundary transcendence and fluidity, and degrees of ethnic incorporation. The key points are that ethnicity is defined through relationships to other groups and highlighted by boundaries, which can change over time without removing ethnic distinctions. Ethnic boundaries are social rather than territorial and allow for interaction and exchange between groups. Degrees of ethnic incorporation range from ethnic categories based on contrast to outsiders, to ethnic networks of relationships, to organized ethnic associations, and fully incorporated ethnic communities with physical territories.
This document provides an introduction to ethnicity in Sindh, Pakistan. It begins with dictionary definitions of ethnicity as relating to a common cultural tradition or origin. It then discusses ethnicity as a social group that shares cultural heritage, ancestry, language, religion, cuisine and other symbolic systems. Pakistan is described as a multiethnic country with over 60 languages spoken and dozens of ethnic groups residing within its borders. The largest ethnic groups are Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Mohajirs, and Balochis. The document provides statistics on the main languages spoken in Pakistan and the percentages of the population that speak each as their native language.
The document discusses the concepts of ethnicity and ethno-nationalism in the context of analyzing the conflict between Russia and Chechnya. It defines ethnicity as a group identity based on both subjective identification by group members and external perceptions. Ethno-nationalism is defined as nationalism based on ethnic bonds that calls for autonomy and identity of a territorial community sharing history and culture. The document argues that Chechens constitute a distinct ethnicity based on their indigenous history in the region, unique Chechen language, and role of Islam in their social development.
The document discusses the evolution and role of cities throughout history as a European invention. Cities helped form identities in the past and this could help unite Europe. Contemporary Europe includes diverse cultures that cities are best equipped to cope with. Essential values like democracy and citizenship emerged from cities. Cities act as melting pots that produce new ideas through architecture, planning and the mixing of people and cultures. Nationalism later reduced cities' autonomy but their role in identity formation remains important.
This document provides working definitions and conceptual issues around the terms ethnicity, race, and nationality. It discusses ethnicity as referring to a culturally distinctive group that may overlap with a political group. Race is defined as a socio-culturally constructed category based on shared physical characteristics. Nationality refers to a political community with symbolic boundaries rooted in a common ethnicity, identity, and culture. The document also examines how these terms are used and defined for census and government statistics.
Ran Greenstein Race highlights 2023.docxjudithnhlapo1
This document discusses the concept of race from a sociological perspective. It begins by defining race as a social construct rather than a biological one, noting that physical differences between human groups have been used to justify unequal treatment and access to resources throughout history. The emergence of race as a systematic concept is traced to the rise of European colonialism, capitalism, and the development of modern science from the 16th century onward. While early philosophers like Kant acknowledged both shared human descent and the consolidation of racial differences over time in response to environment, their work was open to misinterpretation and helped spread Eurocentric views of racial hierarchies. The document examines the historical and social forces that have shaped racial identities and meanings over time.
The document discusses the rise of Baloch nationalist movement in Pakistan's Balochistan province. It summarizes that Balochistan has seen periods of political uprisings since Pakistan's independence in 1947 as the Baloch people opposed being ruled by the central Pakistani state. The current rebellion began in 2004. It analyzes factors contributing to Baloch nationalism through the lens of various theories, finding that the internal colonialism framework best explains how the Baloch became a marginalized peripheral community and how economic and political suppression fostered nationalist sentiment. Tribal social structures and the role of elite sardars in leading the movement are also examined.
Identity at the peace, conflict security & development Nexusfasil12
All animals recognize differences between “self” and “other”. In human societies, these differences take on enormous significance, partly because humans are so individualistic – rather than being clone-like automatons, humans have individual personalities. Society validates that individualism by giving infants unique names. Those names also keep track of who’s related to whom, sometimes for generations back into the past. On the other hand, Ethnic groups constitute an identity as defined by outsiders who do not belong to the group but identify it as different from their own groups and by “insiders” who belong to the same group. This generally becomes the basis of mobilizing group’s consciousness and solidarity and which in certain situation result in political activities.
- Ethnicity is defined and understood in various ways by scholars. Primordialists see it as innate and ascribed at birth, instrumentalists see it as constructed for political and economic goals, and constructivists see it as negotiated and changing through social interaction.
- Barth defined ethnicity as based on the boundaries and interactions between groups, not their internal cultural characteristics. Ethnicity depends on how groups define themselves and others through social processes.
- Key aspects of ethnic identity include a shared name, ancestry, history, culture, language, and attachment to a homeland, but these aspects are negotiated and changing rather than fixed. Ethnic identity involves both objective behaviors and subjective attitudes that are fluid.
1. The Turkish Ethnography Museum in Ankara was opened in 1930 as part of the new Turkish Republic's project to build up its new capital city. The museum played an essential role in constructing a Turkish national identity and translating the regime's nationalist ideology into material form.
2. The museum brought together artifacts from across Turkey without historical or geographic context, obscuring their origins but inserting a narrative of a shared Turkish culture and civilization. This helped establish the idea of a timeless Turkish identity rooted in Anatolia.
3. The museum also served to sever ties to transnational identities like Islam that conflicted with the nation-state. It reframed Islamic heritage as Turkish and stripped religious significance from artifacts
Disjuncture and difference in Global Cultural Economy - Prepared by Fiza Zia ...Dr. Fiza Zia Ul Hannan
This shared information highlights challenges of homogenization of culture and how those challenges offer a framework for exploring dis-junctures that could appear with cultural homogenization.
Enchanted Folk Music and the Development of Cultural Capital: Lithuania’s Mil...Emily Daina Šaras
AABS Poster. Enchanted Folk Music and the Development of Cultural Capital: Lithuania’s Millennial National Brand. Yale University, Spring 2014, Emily Daina Saras.
The document discusses theories of nationalism and the origins and development of national identities. It outlines the key theories of Smith, Anderson, and Gellner for understanding the emergence of nations and nation-states. Smith argues nations emerge from pre-modern ethnic communities, while Anderson views nations as imagined communities enabled by print capitalism. Gellner sees nations as imposed from above through state-driven standardization and education. National identities can develop and produce nationalism, which may lead to the political creation of nation-states. Prior identities do not disappear entirely.
This document summarizes strategies and activities of an organization working to prevent border conflicts in Ukraine. The organization addresses identity, ethnic, religious, and historical conflicts through local activist and authority task forces. Its mission is to prevent and transform violent conflicts in Ukraine. Key activities include developing historical dialogues, integrating internally displaced persons, increasing social capital among female peacebuilders, and establishing civil-military administrations to enhance security and community relations with police. The organization provides peacebuilding education and trains journalists and activists to resist disinformation and strengthen public communication.
This document discusses ethnic problems and regulations in Ukraine. It notes that Ukraine has a multi-ethnic population composition, like many other countries. Discrimination and inequality faced by some ethnic and immigrant groups is caused by factors like unsatisfactory socioeconomic development, weak social infrastructure for minorities, and deficient legislation regarding minority rights. Some groups that sometimes feel uncomfortable or experience discrimination include Bulgarians, Armenians, Gagauzians, Greeks, Jews, Karaims, Crimean Tatars, Krymchaks, Germans, Roma, Russians, Romanians, Hungarians, and immigrants from Asia, Africa and the Caucasus. Problems occur in legislative, socio-economic, socio-humanitarian, public/political,
Russkiye in Ukraine: Myth Versus Realities or Vice Versayevtukh
This document discusses myths about the socio-economic, political, and cultural situation of Russkiye (ethnic Russians) in Ukraine. It identifies several common myths, including that Russkiye are under pressure from Ukrainian nationalist forces seeking to eliminate Russian language and culture, and that Russkiyesness (Russian identity) is rapidly deforming and becoming extinct. The document analyzes the sources and spread of these myths by Ukrainian and Russian researchers and publicists. It proposes to examine claims about Russkiye in Ukraine using reliable information and data in order to assess the validity of these myths.
New ethnicities – New problems. Immigrants in Ukrainian Social Spaceyevtukh
This document discusses immigrants in Ukrainian social space and the challenges they present. It begins by establishing the timeliness of studying this issue given trends of increasing globalization and ethnic diversity. It then seeks to define key terms like "Ukrainian social space" and "new ethnicities" to provide context. The document describes Ukrainian social space as having taken on characteristics of a "container society" due to Ukraine's recent independence, but also notes factors weakening this, like transnational migration trends. It analyzes Ukraine's ethnic composition based on census data, noting the Ukrainian ethnicity is largest but that criteria for classifying minorities is unclear. The purpose is to understand challenges immigrants pose for Ukrainian society and seek integrative models for development.
Ethnic minorities in Ukraine have experienced a revival since independence in 1991, with growing ethnic self-awareness and participation in social, economic, and political life. This is evidenced by increases in minority populations between censuses from 1989 to 2001, the formation of over 1,300 civic organizations, and growth in schools teaching minority languages. However, this revival has also led to tensions, as minorities strive for autonomy and separatism, and compete for influence, causing issues between groups like Crimean Tatars and Russians. To manage tensions, Ukraine needs effective ethnic cultural management, ethnic cultural competence, and intercultural education to foster understanding between groups.
This document discusses the social organization of cultural distinctiveness and ethnicity. It addresses the main topics of ascription as a decisive feature of ethnicity, boundary maintenance, boundary transcendence and fluidity, and degrees of ethnic incorporation. The key points are that ethnicity is defined through relationships to other groups and highlighted by boundaries, which can change over time without removing ethnic distinctions. Ethnic boundaries are social rather than territorial and allow for interaction and exchange between groups. Degrees of ethnic incorporation range from ethnic categories based on contrast to outsiders, to ethnic networks of relationships, to organized ethnic associations, and fully incorporated ethnic communities with physical territories.
This document provides an introduction to ethnicity in Sindh, Pakistan. It begins with dictionary definitions of ethnicity as relating to a common cultural tradition or origin. It then discusses ethnicity as a social group that shares cultural heritage, ancestry, language, religion, cuisine and other symbolic systems. Pakistan is described as a multiethnic country with over 60 languages spoken and dozens of ethnic groups residing within its borders. The largest ethnic groups are Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Mohajirs, and Balochis. The document provides statistics on the main languages spoken in Pakistan and the percentages of the population that speak each as their native language.
The document discusses the concepts of ethnicity and ethno-nationalism in the context of analyzing the conflict between Russia and Chechnya. It defines ethnicity as a group identity based on both subjective identification by group members and external perceptions. Ethno-nationalism is defined as nationalism based on ethnic bonds that calls for autonomy and identity of a territorial community sharing history and culture. The document argues that Chechens constitute a distinct ethnicity based on their indigenous history in the region, unique Chechen language, and role of Islam in their social development.
The document discusses the evolution and role of cities throughout history as a European invention. Cities helped form identities in the past and this could help unite Europe. Contemporary Europe includes diverse cultures that cities are best equipped to cope with. Essential values like democracy and citizenship emerged from cities. Cities act as melting pots that produce new ideas through architecture, planning and the mixing of people and cultures. Nationalism later reduced cities' autonomy but their role in identity formation remains important.
This document provides working definitions and conceptual issues around the terms ethnicity, race, and nationality. It discusses ethnicity as referring to a culturally distinctive group that may overlap with a political group. Race is defined as a socio-culturally constructed category based on shared physical characteristics. Nationality refers to a political community with symbolic boundaries rooted in a common ethnicity, identity, and culture. The document also examines how these terms are used and defined for census and government statistics.
Ran Greenstein Race highlights 2023.docxjudithnhlapo1
This document discusses the concept of race from a sociological perspective. It begins by defining race as a social construct rather than a biological one, noting that physical differences between human groups have been used to justify unequal treatment and access to resources throughout history. The emergence of race as a systematic concept is traced to the rise of European colonialism, capitalism, and the development of modern science from the 16th century onward. While early philosophers like Kant acknowledged both shared human descent and the consolidation of racial differences over time in response to environment, their work was open to misinterpretation and helped spread Eurocentric views of racial hierarchies. The document examines the historical and social forces that have shaped racial identities and meanings over time.
The document discusses the rise of Baloch nationalist movement in Pakistan's Balochistan province. It summarizes that Balochistan has seen periods of political uprisings since Pakistan's independence in 1947 as the Baloch people opposed being ruled by the central Pakistani state. The current rebellion began in 2004. It analyzes factors contributing to Baloch nationalism through the lens of various theories, finding that the internal colonialism framework best explains how the Baloch became a marginalized peripheral community and how economic and political suppression fostered nationalist sentiment. Tribal social structures and the role of elite sardars in leading the movement are also examined.
Identity at the peace, conflict security & development Nexusfasil12
All animals recognize differences between “self” and “other”. In human societies, these differences take on enormous significance, partly because humans are so individualistic – rather than being clone-like automatons, humans have individual personalities. Society validates that individualism by giving infants unique names. Those names also keep track of who’s related to whom, sometimes for generations back into the past. On the other hand, Ethnic groups constitute an identity as defined by outsiders who do not belong to the group but identify it as different from their own groups and by “insiders” who belong to the same group. This generally becomes the basis of mobilizing group’s consciousness and solidarity and which in certain situation result in political activities.
- Ethnicity is defined and understood in various ways by scholars. Primordialists see it as innate and ascribed at birth, instrumentalists see it as constructed for political and economic goals, and constructivists see it as negotiated and changing through social interaction.
- Barth defined ethnicity as based on the boundaries and interactions between groups, not their internal cultural characteristics. Ethnicity depends on how groups define themselves and others through social processes.
- Key aspects of ethnic identity include a shared name, ancestry, history, culture, language, and attachment to a homeland, but these aspects are negotiated and changing rather than fixed. Ethnic identity involves both objective behaviors and subjective attitudes that are fluid.
This document discusses the concept of nationalism. It begins by defining nationalism as a sense of patriotism and sacrifice for one's country. Nationalism also contributed to the breakup of large empires in the early 20th century. Nationalism emerged as a compelling political ideology that shaped history and inspired both loyalty and hatred. In the 19th century, it led to the unification of smaller states into larger nation-states like Germany and Italy. The document then discusses the concepts of nation and nationalism. A nation is an "imagined community" that is defined by shared beliefs, history, territory, political ideas, and common identity among its members. Finally, the document discusses national self-determination and the challenges of balancing nationalism
The document discusses two perspectives for understanding the power of ethno-politics in the contemporary world: a political-pragmatic approach and a social-psychological approach. The political approach analyzes how ethnic groups can use ethno-politics to gain material and political outcomes. It also examines the role of ethno-political entrepreneurs and how ethno-politics can destabilize states and international relations. The social-psychological approach focuses on how ethno-politics provides individuals with a sense of identity and security, especially during times of social and political uncertainty.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
<serbian />
Presented by Ting Wang
tammywt6@gmail.com
5th November 2009
Prepared for 2009 Graduate Seminar.
Information Society & Multiculturalism (Prof. Han Woo Park), at Yeungnam Univ. in S. Korea.
Ethnic Problems on Ukrainian Space: Actuality and Regulationsyevtukh
Volodymyr YEVTUKH discusses ethnic problems in Ukraine and argues that discrimination exists against certain groups. He identifies several ethnic groups that face disadvantages, including Bulgarians, Armenians, Gagausians, Greeks, Jews, Karaims, Crimean Tatars, Krymchaks, Germans, Roma, Russians, Romanians, Hungarians, and immigrants from Asia, Africa and the Caucasus. He analyzes problems in five spheres: legislative, socio-economic, socio-humanitarian, public/political activities, and individual/personal relations. In particular, he notes high unemployment and issues with privatization have negatively impacted returned deportees, while lack of education in minority languages presents challenges. Overall
Exploring cases of ethnic and racial disparities in theAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on theories of ethnicity and race and perspectives on inequalities based on ethnicity and race. It discusses three main theoretical approaches to understanding ethnicity and race: primordialist theories which see ethnic identity as fixed at birth, instrumental theories which view ethnicity as something that can be manipulated for political or economic ends, and constructivist theories which see ethnic identity as fluid and constructed in social contexts. It also examines functionalist and conflict perspectives on inequalities, with functionalism focusing on assimilation and pluralism, and conflict theory emphasizing how dominant groups use power to divide groups along racial and ethnic lines for their own benefit.
1) The document uses social identity theory to analyze how natives categorize migrants as the "out-group", contributing to the migrants developing a distinct social identity. 2) It finds migrants have a different accent, culture and food system that marks their identity as different from natives. 3) Migrants feel sociocultural problems when comparing their group to natives due to having a different language and culture. Their identity is shaped by how natives perceive them.
The aim of the paper is to explore the cultural context of the conflict in
eastern Ukraine. From this perspective, the conflict in Donbas has to be seen not
only in the context of a political game, socio-economic transition and geopolitical
interests, but also in the light of a cultural conflict rooted in history. According to
Ukrainian researcher Mykola Riabchuk, Ukraine is divided, not between ethnic Russians and Ukrainians, but between two different types of Ukrainian identity. These
profound differences have been exacerbated by the events of the “Euromaidan” and,
subsequently, the violent conflict between the separatist forces of the self-declared
Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics on the one hand and the post-revolutionary
Ukrainian government on the other. This article focuses on how the cultural divisions
of Ukrainian society have been used since the beginning of Ukrainian independence
by the political elite as a tool of symbolic politics, contributing to the mass mobilization of Ukrainian society and the outbreak of a violent conflict.
Xinjiang article by Dr. A.R.M. Imtiyaz.doc for 11122013A.R.M. Imtiyaz
This document summarizes theories on ethnic conflict and examines tensions between Uyghurs and Han Chinese in China's Xinjiang region. It argues that Chinese policies promoting assimilation, known as "Chinesization", have fueled ethnic conflict and violence. While both Uyghurs and Han Chinese have engaged in violence, each side's violent actions increase distrust between the groups. The document discusses historical factors contributing to tensions and suggests political solutions like partition or power-sharing could help resolve the protracted conflict.
Russians (Russkiye) in Ukraine: Mythicizing the Myths presentation New Yorkyevtukh
The document discusses myths related to Russians (Russkiye) in Ukraine. It identifies several myths, including that development in Ukraine depends on how national minorities view consolidation processes; interpretations of "pro-Russian" and "pro-Russian" ideology; and claims that Russkiye face pressure from Ukrainian national forces. It notes politicians, publicists, and pro-Russian researchers in both Ukraine and Russia promote these myths. The document also examines attitudes toward ethnic diversity in Ukraine and language policies.
Similar to Koreans in ethnicnational population structure of ukraine (20)
This document discusses new ethnicities and problems faced by immigrants in Ukrainian social space. It provides background on the growing immigrant population in Ukraine, which makes up around 9% of the total population. The document examines perceptions of "visible minorities" such as Arabs, Afghans, Chinese, Blacks, and Turks in Ukrainian society. It finds that Ukrainians generally have a low level of tolerance towards these groups, as measured by social distance indexes. The document also outlines socioeconomic challenges faced by immigrants, including lack of access to the labor market, underemployment, housing issues, and difficulties with cultural adaptation.
This document lists 46 monographs, manuals, and handbooks as well as 49 articles published by Professor Volodymyr Yevtukh on topics related to ethnicity, migration, diaspora, and ethnosociology. The works cover a range of subjects including national minorities in capitalist countries, Ukrainian ethnic groups in North America, historiography of national relations in foreign countries, and concepts of ethnosocial development. Many of the publications are in Ukrainian or Russian and focus on ethnopolitical issues in Ukraine and analysis of ethnic dynamics within Ukrainian society.
Intercultural Dialogue: Efficient Construct of the Integrative Development of...yevtukh
This document discusses intercultural dialogue as an efficient construct for the integrative development of polyethnic societies. It begins by defining intercultural dialogue as the open and respectful exchange of views between groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds. The author then argues that intercultural dialogue can help neutralize tensions between ethnic groups and prevent the growth of intolerance in diverse societies. When implemented properly based on principles of equality and mutual respect, intercultural dialogue can facilitate political and social unity while also preserving cultural diversity. The document examines how international organizations promote intercultural dialogue and provides examples of relevant conferences and declarations.
Володимир Євтух у інформаційно-комунікаційному просторі: наукові та політик...yevtukh
У книзі представлено дослідження наукового та політико-громадського
простору активності професора Володимира Борисовича Євтуха. Структура
видання включає цитування праць вченого вітчизняними та зарубіжними
дослідниками, його участь у наукових заходах, перелік власних праць у
бібліотеках світу та згадки про науковця, державницьку діяльність та зв’язок
з міжнародними та вітчизняними суспільними структурами. Останній розділ
містить списки вибраних праць В. Б. Євтуха з посиланнями на інтернет-
видання.
The book represents the research of scientific, political and public activity
space of professor Volodymyr Yevtukh. The structure of edition includes citations
of the scholar’s works by domestic and foreign researchers, his participation in
scientific events, the list of his own works in the libraries of the world and
mentions about the scientist, statesman activities and relation with international
and domestic social structures. The last chapter contains the list of V. Yevtukh
selected works with the links to the online editions.
This document discusses the role of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing ethno-political issues in Ukraine. It outlines three aspects of ethno-political management: 1) operational management through government departments, 2) implementation of programs and policies, and 3) influence of NGOs representing national minorities. The goal of ethno-political management is to realize the rights of ethnic minorities while preventing conflicts through administrative, financial, and organizational support for minority education, culture, media, and organizations.
The dynamics of interethnic relations in crimeayevtukh
This document analyzes the dynamics of interethnic relations in Crimea. It discusses the ethnic diversity of Crimea, which has over 100 ethnic groups and the six most populous being Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Crimean Tatars, Jews, and Tatars. It provides data on the population sizes of various ethnic groups from censuses between 1970-1989, showing increases and decreases. Key factors that determine contemporary interethnic relations in Crimea are the historical formation of the population's ethnic composition, dynamics of ethnic settlement patterns, current migration trends, ethnic group constitutionalization, and interactions between the largest ethnic groups.
This document provides an overview of the sociocultural and demographic contexts of Roma populations in Ukraine. Some key points:
- Roma make up one of the national minorities in Ukraine's multi-ethnic population and have a long history in the country dating back to the 16th century.
- Census data shows the Roma population grew from 19,300 in 1926 to 47,600 in 2001, with over half living in urban areas. However, estimates suggest the true population may be four times higher.
- Roma face socioeconomic challenges like high unemployment, especially among women, and low levels of education, limiting employment opportunities. Many Roma also experience poverty.
- While most Roma
Prospects of ukraines cooperation with european and transatlantic structures ...yevtukh
1) The document discusses Ukraine's prospects for cooperation with European and transatlantic structures in the context of Ukrainian identities. It argues that identities of a population strongly influence attitudes toward integration with these structures.
2) It defines key terms like "cooperation", "identity", and outlines different types of identities including spatial, political, social and cultural. National and civic identities are most important for analyzing public opinion on joining international organizations.
3) Multiple factors shape identities in Ukraine, like ethnic composition, migration, political influences. Understanding identities is crucial for assessing public support for closer ties with groups like the EU and NATO.
This document discusses the history and demographics of national minorities in Ukraine. It describes how various ethnic groups came to settle in different regions of Ukraine over centuries, including Russians, Belarusians, Poles, Bulgarians, Jews, Moldovans, Hungarians, Romanians, Greeks, Armenians, and Crimean Tartars. It provides population statistics on these groups from censuses in 1979 and 1989. The largest national minorities are Russians, who make up over 11% of the population, and are concentrated in eastern and southern Ukraine. Belarusians and Poles also have significant populations in Ukraine.
1) The migration situation in Ukraine is complex due to various political, economic, ethnic, and social factors both within and outside the country. It remains difficult and problems are increasing.
2) Ukraine experiences both legal and illegal immigration, including refugees from conflicts in neighboring countries and economic migrants. It also struggles with emigration of educated citizens and illegal immigration activities like human trafficking.
3) Improving Ukraine's socioeconomic conditions could increase legal and illegal immigration by making it a more attractive destination, further complicating the migration situation. The government is working to develop effective migration legislation and management systems to regulate migration flows.
The Ukraine has experienced large migrations of people throughout its history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, over 200,000 Ukrainians emigrated to places like the US, Canada, and Argentina due to poverty and political discrimination under Austrian-Hungarian rule. After World War 2 and the fall of the Soviet Union, migration increased further as Ukrainians left unsatisfied with economic and political conditions or due to conflicts. Surveys in the 1990s found that over 10% wanted to permanently emigrate and over 50% would temporarily work abroad. While intentions to emigrate were high, actual emigration numbers were lower due to political and bureaucratic barriers. Ukraine also experiences transit migration as people pass through on their way to Western countries.
Program of the III-rd Session of Volodymyr Yevtukh Ethnosociological School e...yevtukh
The third session of Professor Yevtukh's Ethnosociological School was held on June 4, 2012 at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. The subject was "Ethnicity in the Framework of Intercultural Communication". Speakers included professors from Jagiellonian University and the National Dragomanov University in Kyiv. Discussants participated from universities in Australia and Denmark. Participants discussed concepts of ethnicity and intercultural communication, the functioning of ethnicity in cultural spaces, intercultural competence, and teaching intercultural communication in polyethnic societies. Remarks were invited on these topics and related subjects.
Human Values in Intercultural Space Conference Program Jagiellonian universit...yevtukh
This document outlines the schedule for a two-day conference on "Human Values in Intercultural Space" held in Krakow-Przegorzały, Poland on June 1-2, 2012. The conference was organized by the Institute of the Middle and Far East at the Jagiellonian University and included sessions on the first day addressing core values, common grounds for intercultural communication, conversation between civilizations, and cultural identity. The second day featured sessions on literature in a global context, poetry as conscience between Poland and India, religious icons and their reflection of human values, European values in intercultural space, and mystical systems in ancient poetry.
Human Values in Intercultural Space Conference Program Jagiellonian universit...
Koreans in ethnicnational population structure of ukraine
1. KOREANS IN ETHNIC-NATIONAL POPULATION STRUCTURE OF
UKRAINE: THE PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC RENAISSANCE
In this article I propose to analyze several aspects that characterize the current
stage and prospects of the Korean ethnic community development in Ukraine. This
analysis will be conducted in the context of two, in my opinion, the determining
factors of modern social development of our country in the field of interethnic
relations: 1) dynamic changes in the ethno-national structure of Ukrainian society, 2)
ethno-political renaissance, characteristic of virtually all components of this structure.
So, nowadays the ethno-national structure of Ukraine’s population consists of 130
ethnic groups. As for the types of ethnic communities, in the ethno-national structure
of our country today we can distinguish the Ukrainian nation and ethnic minorities.
However, the Constitution of Ukraine the thing is also about indigenous peoples. In
our opinion, the concept of "indigenous people" unreasonably got in legal documents
of Ukraine, as it is not defined and according to the traditional perception of
indigenous peoples in international practice, it can not be applied in the Ukrainian
context. Some differences are observed also in the perception of the concept "ethnic
(national) minority". Unlike many multi-ethnic European countries, the legal
framework of our country makes possible to enroll as minority almost all ethnic
groups’ representatives, now living in Ukraine. In particular, according to the Law of
Ukraine "On National Minorities in Ukraine", "to the national minorities appertain
the groups of citizens of Ukraine who are not Ukrainian by nationality, exhibit a
sense of national self-awareness and affinity" [1]. The discussions in recent years (at
the theoretical and practical levels), the analysis of national minorities’ rights
realization in other multiethnic countries (e. g. Hungary, Slovakia) stimulates to more
clear definition of the criteria that could point us whom among the representatives of
one or another ethnic groups of Ukraine we can enroll to the national minorities. In
particular, it concerns their quantitative complement, duration of their residence in
this area and so on. Talking about the ethnic structure elements, today we have
proposed to define them as follows: Ukrainian ethnos (Ukrainian ethnonation); ethnic
groups – among them, with uncertain status (indigenous peoples / national minorities)
2. and the national minorities; the representatives of certain ethnic groups. Hereby we
should make some comments. Ukrainian ethnos – the most numerous ethnic
community of Ukraine. As for the ethnic groups with uncertain status, the Gagauz,
Karaites, Crimean Tatars, Krymchaks can be referred to them.
In the absence of clear criteria for the definition of "national minority" in the
Ukrainian political and legal framework and official practice (ethnopolitics) we offer
as part of this analysis to use the criteria, that were laid in the base of the concept
"national minority" definition by the parties to a joint working group of the Council
of Europe and Ukraine while working on a pilot project "Education Policy and
Minorities. Ukraine." In passing, we note that they are based on the F. Kapotorti’s
famous definition of the concept "national minority" [2]:
the group of population, which differs from the basic group of population in its
ethnic origin or its nationality, or its language, or its religion; by its number is inferior
to the basic group; does not occupy a dominant position in the country; demonstrates
the desire to preserve its identity and its culture, traditions, religion or language; does
not consist of recent immigrants or refugees; has the deep roots in the country of
residence (usually the citizens of this country).
I will add to this, the group of people which has a sufficient number of
individuals, who perceive themselves as members of this group and are able to
reproduce their identity through participation in the activities of ethnic organizations,
artistic groups, the creation of conditions to preserve and develop their language and
so on. That is to have the internal reserves to achieve, by R. Breton, "the Institutional
fullness" of the national minority structures [3].
Let's consider the Korean ethnic community of Ukraine in the context of such a
structure. For this recall, that Koreans are not the indigenous population of our
country, they are the community, that has formed in Ukraine through immigration. It
is known, that Koreans came to Ukraine from the former Soviet Union; they lived
mostly in the Far East and later in Central Asia. The organized migration of Koreans
to the North Crimea occurs at the beginning of 1960. The motivation of this process
was the economic motive – the introduction in Ukraine of such agricultural crop as
rice. The comparison of the three censuses indicates a certain dynamics of the Korean
3. component in the ethno-national structure of Ukrainian society: 1 341 (1959), the 4
480 (1970), the 6 061 (1979), the 8 669 (1989), the 12,711 (2001). The Koreans now
occupy the 115th place among the ethnic communities and minority groups of other
ethnicities’ representatives.
On this characteristic Koreans can be referred to such component of ethno-
national structure of Ukrainian society as the national (ethnic) minority. However, in
the previous classification of this structure components, proposed by me, Koreans are
not represented [4]. But the development of Korean ethnic community at the turn of
the last and present centuries gives some reason to reflect about the place of Koreans
exactly in this category of mentioned classification. To confirm these thoughts I turn
to the criteria of the "national minority" concept definition, which was discussed
above. Today, all those whom we name the Koreans, by their ethnic origin differ
from the basic group of population (Ukrainians), they certainly yield in numbers to
this basic group; they do not occupy the dominant position not only in country, but
also in places of their compact settlement; they have to some degree deep roots in the
country of residence and, according to preliminary calculations, the overwhelming
majority is the citizens of Ukraine. It is worth adding, that in favor of the thesis
concerning the inclusion of Koreans of Ukraine to the category of "national minority"
indicates the type of settling structure – they are settled mainly in several regions and
cities of Ukraine, that is, we can speak about their relatively compact settlement.
Thus, in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, according to Census 2001, reside 2877
people, in Mykolaiv region – 1 751, in the Kherson region – 1253, in Odessa – 773,
in Kiev – 384. This factor contributes to the internal consolidation of ethnic
community, that helps its reproduction as the specific social community of Ukrainian
society and sustainable component of its ethno-national structure.
Another group of criteria by which Koreans can be attributed to national
minorities, is associated with those that determine the nature of ethno-political
renaissance. This is the efforts to preserve and develop their ethnic identity, their
ethnic culture, ethnic traditions and so on. In this context it is important to note that
the term "ethnic renaissance" is used to denote the phenomenon of dynamic changes
inside the ethnic communities. This term is more appropriate to use while talking
4. about the revival of ethnicity (ethnic minorities) in the framework of multi-ethnic
countries, where the political nations emerged with the clearly defined dominant
majority and the other ethnic components of the ethno-national structure are
integrated in these nations. In the frame of the integrative processes of ethnic
movements in such countries from time to time the activation of minorities ethno-
cultural life is observed, sometimes the relations between the latter and the dominant
majority are exacerbated (usually in the context of power structures’ ethno-politics
practice). Two motives are the most characteristic for the following processes: 1) the
desire of minorities, generally stimulated by the leaders of their organizations, to take
a good niche in the social life of one or another country, 2) dissatisfaction with the
state of ethnic and cultural rights of minority groups and ethnic policy of the state.
As for ethno-political renaissance among national minorities, here we should
pay attention to two things: 1) intense "awakening" of ethnic self-consciousness and
the desire to revive the ethnic identity, 2) finding the ways to participate effectively in
social and political processes, to self-assertion as effective factors state creation with
occupation the respective niches in the economic and political life of the new state. In
the first aspect at least two features are fixed:
a) the particular revival character of that national minorities, which also before
the independence demonstrated the quite high level of internal cohesion (this
phenomenon we call "ethnic solidarity") [5], that allowed to store and to some extent
develop their ethnic identity (Bulgarians, Moldavians, Poles, Romanians,
Hungarians). Here the process of ethnic revival had the sufficient ground for its
intensification and the question is more in terms of establishing themselves as acting
factors of state-creative processes and strengthening their influence on decision
making, at least, at local and regional levels;
b) in separate group we can distinguish those national minorities, where the
recovery process occurs too fast, but they had not such basis as, say, the minorities
mentioned above. This group could include Azerbaijanians, Belarusians, Armenians,
Greeks, Germans, Roma, Tatars, Slovaks, Czechs, Koreans and some others. Among
these minorities the intensive formation of their ethnic organizations eventuated, as
well as opening of schools or classes with ethnic teaching languages took place, also
5. the periodic or episodic releases were founded, etc. We can say, that the system of
"institutional fullness" was being formed. However, they actively started to take part
in social and political processes and to seek the status of effective factor (as distinct
ethnic groups) in official policy forming, at least in the field of ethnic-national
development.
Among the typical and most characteristic features of national minorities’
ethnic revival we can name the following: 1) the formation of organizations with
predominant membership of one ethnicity; 2) the activities of art groups that gather,
reconstitute and promote the folklore, traditions and customs of their ethnic groups;
3) functioning of state schools with full, partial or episodic teaching in ethnic
languages; 4) the presence of secondary special and higher educational institutions
that train specialists in ethnic minorities languages, or in which the special courses
are taught (mainly concerning the philology cycle and ethnology character); 5) press
issues in ethnic languages or for ethnic minorities – they appear with different
intervals and in different editions; 6) television and radio broadcasting for national
minorities; 7) publication of literature (not just textbooks) in national minorities
languages.
As for Koreans in Ukraine, the significant number of these ethnic revival
features is peculiar to them. Thus, the researches of the Center of Etnosociological
and Ethnopolitical Researches of Institute of Sociology of NAS of Ukraine recorded
the energetic activity of national-cultural societies in Luhansk, Kharkiv, Mykolayiv,
Donetsk, Cherkassy, Kherson regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. It
concernes also such cities as Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa. I note, that the
first Korean societies emerged in the early 1990s, just when the active processes of
Ukrainian independent state formation started. It is somewhat symbolic – the revival
of Koreans as an organized community in the ethno-national structure of Ukraine
coincides with the revival of Ukrainian ethnicity within the framework of the
independent state. The Association of Koreans in Ukraine was registered in 1992.
Today, the Kyiv Association of Koreans, the Koreans regional organization (Luhansk
region), the Association of Korean culture (Kharkiv region.), the Korean culture
Society (Mykolaiv region), the Korean culture Society (Cherkasy region), the
6. Koreans Organization "Kore" (Kherson region) are functioning. Speaking about the
activity of Korean organizations, we should bear in mind two things: 1) their intra-
organizational activity, as I observed, is fairly high; 2) in quantitative terms, they are
small amount; according to researchers only the small part of Koreans participate in
the activities of ethnic organizations [6]. However, due to the fact, that before the
independence of Ukraine such organizations did not exist, we can affirm, that their
activity today is adequate to the tempos of ethnic revival.
Actually, this is the evidence of Koreans ethnic revival process, as well as one
of the conditions to classify them as the national minority. Because the presence and
activities of ethnic organizations are the sign of "institutional fullness" of ethnic
community, which under these conditions may have become the actor of ethno-
national processes of the country of residence.
Another typical feature of ethnic revival – the activities of art groups, that
reconstitute and promote the folklore, traditions and customs of their ethnic groups –
certainly characteristic of Koreans in Ukraine. The investigations of the formation of
ethno-cultural space of Ukraine confirm their active participation in this process.
Since Ukraine's first Korean Culture Festival (1995), the presence of this
community’s culture is appreciable not only regionally but also at the national level.
For example, the celebrated decade of the Kyiv Association of Koreans (2002), the
Korean ensembles participation in the TV program "Pleyada" ("Not so bad in our
house", January 2004) and other art content actions show, that the Korean ethno-
cultural component is tangible, or at least becomes such, in the cultural life of the
whole Ukraine.
However, in other aspects, that indicate the "turbulence" of ethnic revival,
Koreans do not take such strong positions. So far, there are no public high schools,
wherever studied the Korean language. Instead, the Sunday schools appear in the
places of compact settlement, particularly in the Crimea, Kharkiv, Kyiv. It is
predictable, that in the process of Koreans ethnic revival in Ukraine, the need to learn
the Korean language will increase because, for the census in 2001 the following
language situation was recorded: 2223 (17.5%) persons spoke Korean language, 9662
(76.0%) – Russian language and 700 (5.5%) – Ukrainian language.
7. At first glance it may be noted, that among Koreans in Ukraine is the very low
percentage of those, who speak the language of their nationality. However, taking to
consideration the total russification in the former Soviet Union and especially in the
environment of small amount ethnic communities, these figures are good prospects of
Koreans returning to their language and its more active use in everyday and social
life. This has certain favorable conditions linked primarily with the legislature for its
process. We mean the Law of Ukraine "On National Minorities in Ukraine" (1992),
under which the national minorities have the right to preserve and develop their
identity in all its manifestations.
In my opinion, to the ethnolingual renaissance of Koreans in Ukraine can
contribute the fact, that the Korean language is studied at Kyiv National Taras
Shevchenko University, National Linguistic University; the functioning of Korean
firms in Ukraine, the exchange in the sphere of culture, education and information
between Ukraine and Korea also contribute to this. As for other features of ethnic
revival (the presence of the press, television and radio broadcasts, publication of
literature in Korean), it is evident, that the language environment is still insufficient
for these ethnic renaissance attributes functioning.
Thus, Koreans in Ukraine are stable component of its ethnic-national structure;
they function in the ethnic-national area of our country as the ethnic community,
which is able to reproduce itself in demographic and cultural context. One of the most
pressing problems in the process of ethnic renaissance of Koreans in Ukraine is to
return to their ethnicity via the revival of language, culture, traditions and customs.
Another important problem (noting, not only for Koreans, but also for all national
minorities, being at the ethnic renaissance point) is the problem of integration into
Ukrainian society. The question is not the resistance to this integration, but some
contradiction between the content of the two most obvious trends of modern ethnic-
national development of Ukraine. The first of them is the desire to build the national
state. It is personified the most concentrated by the representatives of Ukrainian
ethnos, the majority of national minorities members. The debate is waged largely
around the question how to implement this longing. It is obvious, that under the
Constitution of Ukraine our state is unitarian [7]. This can create the impression, that
8. the trunk priority of the ethno-political revival in Ukraine is the ethnically
homogeneous state, the assimilation of other components in the Ukrainian ethnic
background and the ethnic homogenization of society. The second trend – ethnic
identity revival of the other elements of ethnic-national structure is accompanied by
the growth of ethnic solidarity, internal group unity and the intensification of
minority rights ethnic movements.
Analyzing the interaction of these two trends and the impact on this interaction
of both objective and subjective various factors, we should bear in mind several
circumstances: 1) the historical continuity of many ethnic groups representatives
conflict-free (with rare exceptions) coexistence in the territory of modern Ukraine; 2)
the subordination factor, and even to some extent, the national oppression, the ethno-
social Ukrainians community and representatives of other ethnic groups development
opportunities restrictions; 3) the future identity development of the Ukrainian society
ethnic-national structure elements due to Ukraine's independence declaration; 4) the
principles of ethnic-national policy of the Ukrainian state and its implementation
mechanisms, 5) the positions of ethnic fatherland states concerning parts of their
ethnic groups, which are situated within the frame of Ukrainian ethno-political
organism, 6) the interaction possibilities of ethnic groups different parts, including
Ukrainian, 7) the foreign policy priorities and orientation of Ukraine.
On condition of the skilful ethno-political management, which should be based
on sturdy legal framework and knowledge of poly-ethnic society rules and
development features, these factors can certainly have the positive impact on the
contradiction between integration and the desire to preserve ethnic identity
overcoming. For Koreans in Ukraine, then in my opinion, in this case to resolve this
seemingly contradictory is not too difficult. The basis for this assertion is the high
level of tolerance in relations between Koreans and ethnic majority (Ukrainian) and
between Koreans and the members of other ethnic communities of Ukraine, the
positive image of Koreans due to their qualities such as diligence, absence of conflict
and the disposition to integration.
Talking about the ethnic renaissance among Koreans in Ukraine and the issue
of their ethnocultural requests satisfaction in the context of Korean ethnic community
9. organizational and legal functioning, then in my opinion, the most adaptable form for
them would be the national-personal autonomy. Exactly within the frame of such
autonomy, which expects the inclusion of all the representatives of any nationality in
its sphere of influence, regardless their settlement nature in the Ukrainian territory,
arises the possibility of their unity and ethno-cultural development needs satisfaction.
References:
1. Law of Ukraine "On National Minorities in Ukraine". – K., 1993. – P. 4.
2. Capotorti F. Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious
and Linguistic Minorities. – New York, 1979 (UN Doc. E/CN/4/Sub/2/384/Rev. 1,
UN Sales No. E. 78 1V1). – P. 96.
3. Breton R. Institutional Completeness of Ethnic Communities and the
Personal Relations of Immigrants // American Journal of Sociology. – 1964. – Vol.
70 . – № 2.
4. Yevtukh V. Tendenciyi etnonacionalnogo rozvytku ukrayins’kogo suspilstva
// Etnichni spilnoty Ukrayiny. – Kyiv: Feniks, 2001. – S. 6. (Yevtukh V. Trends in
ethnic-national development of Ukrainian society // Ethnic community of Ukraine. –
Kyiv: Phoenix, 2001. – P. 6).
5. Jewtuch W. Ethnischer Antagonismus und ethnische Solidaritaet in den
Laendern Nordamerikas // Migrationsforschung. – 1989. – Heft 22.
6. Im Jon San, Pan Il Kvon. Proekt stvorennya kompyuternoyi merezhi dlya
spilnoty ukrayins’kykh koreyciv, yaki prozhyvayut’ na pivdni krayiny // Suchasnyy
stan ta perspektyvy naukovo-kulturnogo obminu mizh Ukrayinoyu i Koreyeyu. – K.,
2001. – S. 127. (Im Jon San, Mr. Il Kvon. The project of computerized network
creation for the community of Ukrainian Koreans living in the South of the country //
Current state and prospects of scientific and cultural exchange between Ukraine and
Korea. – K., 2001. – P. 127).
7. Constitution of Ukraine. – K., 1996. – P. 4.