Powerpoint Presentation

3. Introduction
KOREA

4. KOREA – “Land of the Morning Clam”
Korea, called Hanguk (Korean: 한국; Hanja: 韓國) or
Daehanminkuk (Korean: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國) in South
Korea and Chosŏn (Korean: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮) in North Korea, is
an East Asian territory that is divided into two distinct sovereign
states: North Korea, formally the Democratic People's Republic
of Korea (DPRK), and South Korea, formally the Republic of
Korea (ROK).

5. Geographical
Features
KOREA

6. Geographical Features
 Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the
northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
 To the northwest, the Amnok River (Yalu River) separates Korea from China and to the northeast, the
Duman River (Tumen River) separates Korea from China and Russia. The peninsula is surrounded by the
Yellow Sea to the west, the East China Sea and Korea Strait to the south, and the Sea of Japan. Notable
islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo).
 The 600-mile peninsula jutting down from China into the Sea of Japan off Eastern Asia.
 Total land area of 220,750 sq. km. (North Korea – 120,540 sq. km. and South Korea – 100,210 sq. km.)
 The peninsula is completely covered by north to south mountain ranges separated by narrow valleys.
 Climate is temperate. Cold winter and hot summers.

7. Map of
Korea

8. Jeju Island

9. Early
History
KOREA

10. Early History
 According to myth, Korea is founded by Tangun in 233 BC, who gave the
name “Chosun” (Land of the Morning Calm).
 In 12th century BC. , another tribes of Korean migrated to East China.
 108 BC, Han Dynasty attacked Korea and overthrow the last Tangun
Chosun and occupied Korea until 312 AD.
 3 Independent Kingdoms ruled Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla.
 In 668 AD, Silla Kingdom unified Korea and ruled until 935 AD.
Arts and sciences flourished, different of that the Chinese, and Buddhism came.

11.  Korean Dynasties. In 935 AD, new kingdom by Wang Kon (Wang Kien) was
established, the Goguryeo or “Koryo” Dynasty (modern name) and fought Mongol
invasion for 45 years.
 Yi Dynasty (1392-1910), made Seoul as capital, accept Chinese ways, Confucianism
as state religion and Korea`s “Golden Age”.
 Hermit Kingdom. Korea closed its doors for around 232 years (1644-1876). Entry of
Christian missionaries in 1791.
 Japanese Rule (1910-1945), used as military base of Japan.
 Division of Korea. The 2 occupational zones between the so called “38th Parallel”.
 North Korea – pro-communist (USSR & PRC)
 South Korea – pro-democracy (USA)
 Cold War, relations were cut off between both Korea.
 Korean War (1950-53), June 25, 1950 North Korea attack the South.
 Truce of Panmunjon in July 27, 1953. Creation of the 151-mile Demilitarized Zone
(DMZ)

12. Aftermath of KOREAN WAR

13. Gyeongbokgung Palace

14. Culture/Social
Environment
KOREA

15. Culture/Social Environment
 •In ancient Chinese texts, Korea is referred to as "Rivers and
Mountains Embroidered on Silk" (금수강산, 錦繡江山) and
"Eastern Nation of Decorum" (동방예의지국, 東方禮儀之國).
 • Individuals are regarded as one year old when they are born,
as Koreans reckon the pregnancy period as one year of life for
infants, and age increments increase on New Year's Day rather
than on the anniversary of birthdays. Thus, one born immediately
before New Year's Day may only be a few days old in western
reckoning, but two years old in Korea. Literature

17. Culture/Social Environment
 Literature written before the end of the Joseon Dynasty is called
"Classical" or "Traditional." Literature, written in Chinese
characters (hanja), was established at the same time as the
Chinese script arrived on the peninsula. Korean scholars were
writing poetry in the classical Korean style as early as the 2nd
century BC, reflecting Korean thoughts and experiences of that
time. Classical Korean literature has its roots in traditional folk
beliefs and folk tales of the peninsula, strongly influenced by
Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

18. Culture/Social Environment
 • Religion. Confucian tradition has dominated Korean thought, along with
contributions by Buddhism, Taoism, and Korean Shamanism. Since the middle of
the 20th century, however, Christianity has competed with Buddhism in South
Korea, while religious practice has been suppressed in North Korea. Throughout
Korean history and culture, regardless of separation; the influence of traditional
beliefs of Korean Shamanism, Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism
have remained an underlying religion of the Korean people as well as a vital
aspect of their culture; all these traditions have coexisted peacefully for hundreds
of years up to today despite strong Westernization from Christian missionary
conversions in the South or the pressure from the Juche government in the
North.

20. Culture/Social Environment
 Music includes both folk and classical music. The country has
produced internationally prominent composers. Young-ja Lee is one
example. She was born in 1931 in Wonju and studied at the
Conservatoire de Paris, and the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.
She continued her education at the Manhattan School of Music. Lee
endured hardships during the Japanese occupation and Korean
War, but emerged to become one of the dominant forces in Korean
music in the 20th century. Some of the more modernized Korean
pop music such as Gangnam Style by Psy is an example of Korean
music impacting demographics internationally.

21. Korean Sword Dance

22. Culture/Social Environment
 Education. South Korea ranks second on math and literature and
first in problem solving. Although South Korean students often
rank high on international comparative assessments, the
education system is criticized for emphasizing too much upon
passive learning and memorization. The South Korean education
system is rather notably strict and structured as compared to its
counterparts in most Western societies. In Korea, university is
hard to enter, and graduation is comparatively easier than entry.

24. Economic
Condition
KOREA

25. Economic Condition
SOUTH KOREA
 South Korea's market economy ranks 13th in the world by both nominal and
purchasing power parity GDP, identifying it as one of the G-20 major
economies. It is a developed country with a high-income economy and is the
most industrialized member country of the OECD.
 South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the
early 1960s to the late 1990s, and South Korea is still one of the fastest-
growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore,
and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. South Koreans refer to this growth as
the Miracle on the Han River. The South Korean economy is heavily
dependent on international trade, and in 2014, South Korea was the 5th largest
exporter and 7th largest importer in the world.

26. GDP Growth (1910-2010)

27. Economic Condition
NORTH KOREA
 North Korea's economy is a centrally planned system. Although there have
been some small-scale reforms as of 2015, Pyongyang's basic adherence to
a rigid centrally planned economy continues, as does its reliance on
fundamentally non-pecuniary incentives. 2012, but recent reports conflict
over particular legislation and enactment.
 North Korea had a similar GDP per capita to its neighbor South Korea from
the aftermath of the Korean War until the mid-1970s, but with a GDP per
capita of less than $2,000 in the late 1990s and early 21st century, North
Korea remains one of the world's poorest and least developed countries
when measured solely by GDP.

28. North Korean Industry

29. Notable/Famous
Personalities KOREA

30. Kim Il-sung
Kim Jong-il

31. Park
Chung
Hee
Military Dictator of
South Korea

32. Dae Jo-
Young
Founder of Balhe
Kingdom

33. King
Gwanggaeto
the Great
Goguryo Kingdom`s
19th King

34. Lee Je-Ma
Doctor - Author of
Korean Medical Theory

35. Dangun
Founder of First
Korean Kingdom of
Gojoseon

36. Jeong
Seon
Painter of Korean
Landscape Painting

37. Kim
Jeong-Ho
Geographer

38. Heo Jun
Royal Physician

39. King
Sejong
4th King of Joseon
Dynasty
Inventor of Korean
Alphabeth

40. Isabu
General of Silla
Kingdom

41. Jang
Young-Sil
Scientist, invented
World`s First Rain
Gauge

42. Yi Hwang
Eminent Scholar

43. Park Yeon
Great Musician

44. Introduction
JAPAN

45. JAPAN – “Land of the Rising Sun”
Japan (i/dʒəˈpæn/; Japanese: 日本 Nippon [nip
̚ põ
̞ ɴ] or Nihon [nihõ
̞ ɴ]; formally
日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, "State of Japan") is an island country in
East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan,
the East China Sea, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching
from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the
south. The kanji that make up Japan's name mean "sun origin", and Japan is
often called the "Land of the Rising Sun".

46. Geographical
Features
JAPAN

47. Geographical Features
 Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest are
Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent
of Japan's land area.
 About 73%of Japan is forested, mountainous, and unsuitable for agricultural,
industrial, or residential use. As a result, the habitable zones, mainly located in
coastal areas, have extremely high population densities. Japan is one of the most
densely populated countries in the world.
 The islands of Japan are located in a volcanic zone on the Pacific Ring of Fire.
 Japan has 108 active volcanoes. During the twentieth century several new volcanoes
emerged, including Shōwa-shinzan on Hokkaido and Myōjin-shō off the Bayonnaise
Rocks in the Pacific. Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunami, occur
several times each century.

48. Map of
Japan

49. Geographical Features
 Climate. The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate, but varies
greatly from north to south. Japan's geographical features divide it into six
principal climatic zones: Hokkaido, Sea of Japan, Central Highland, Seto
Inland Sea, Pacific Ocean, and Ryūkyū Islands. The northernmost zone,
Hokkaido, has a humid continental climate with long, cold winters and very
warm to cool summers. Precipitations are not heavy, but the islands usually
develop deep snow banks in the winter.
 The Pacific coast features a humid subtropical climate that experiences
milder winters with occasional snowfall and hot, humid summers because of
the southeast seasonal wind. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the
rainy season.

51. Geographical Features
 Biodiversity. Japan has nine forest eco-regions which reflect the climate and
geography of the islands. They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the
Ryūkyū and Bonin Islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild
climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold,
winter portions of the northern islands. Japan has over 90,000 species of wildlife,
including the brown bear, the Japanese macaque, the Japanese raccoon dog, the
Large Japanese Field Mouse, and the Japanese giant salamander.
 Environment. As of June 2015, more than 40 coal-fired power plants are
planned or under construction in Japan. The NGO Climate Action Network
announced Japan as the winner of its "Fossil of the Day" award for "doing the most
to block progress on climate action."

53. Mt. Fuji

54. Early
History
JAPAN

55. Early History
 A Paleolithic culture around 30,000 BC constitutes the first known habitation
of the Japanese archipelago. This was followed from around 14,000 BC (the
start of the Jōmon period) by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-
gatherer culture, who include ancestors of both the contemporary Ainu
people and Yamato people.
 Japan first appears in written history in the Chinese Book of Han. According
to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the most powerful kingdom on the
archipelago during the 3rd century was called “Yamataikoku”. Buddhism was
first introduced to Japan from Baekje of Korea.

56. Early History
 Nara period (710–784) of the 8th century marked the emergence
of a strong Japanese state, centered on an imperial court in Heijō-
kyō (modern Nara). The Nara period is characterized by the
appearance of a nascent literature as well as the development of
Buddhist-inspired art and architecture.
 Samurai warriors face Mongols, during the Mongol invasions of
Japan. The Kamikaze, two storms, are said to have saved Japan
from Mongol fleets.

57. Early History
 Heian period (794–1185), during which a distinctly indigenous
Japanese culture emerged, noted for itsart, poetry and prose.
Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji and the lyrics of Japan's
national anthem Kimigayo were written during this time.
 Buddhism began to spread during the Heian era chiefly through
two major sects, Tendai by Saichō, and Shingon by Kūkai. Pure
Land Buddhism (Jōdo-shū, Jōdo Shinshū) greatly becomes
popular in the latter half of the 11th century.

58. Early History
 Feudal era. Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence
and dominance of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. In 1185,
following the defeat of the Taira clan in the Genpei War, sung in the epic
Tale of Heike, samurai Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed shogun
and established a base of power in Kamakura. After his death, the Hōjō
clan came to power as regents for the shoguns.
 Kamakura period (1185–1333). The “Zen” school of Buddhism was
introduced from China and became popular among the samurai class.

59. Feudal Era

60. Early History
 Muromachi Period (1336–1573). Ashikaga Takauji established the shogunate in Muromachi,
Kyoto. The Ashikaga shogunate achieved glory in the age of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and the
culture based on Zen Buddhism (art of Miyabi) prospered.
 In 16th century, traders and Jesuit missionaries from Portugal reached Japan for the first time,
initiating direct commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West.
 Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son and used his position to gain political
and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the Battle of
Sekigahara in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa
shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted measures including
buke shohatto, as a code of conduct to control the autonomous daimyo; and in 1639, the
isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of
tenuous political unity known as the Edo period (1603–1868).

61. Early History
 Modern era. On March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black
Ships" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside
world with the Convention of Kanagawa. Subsequent similar treaties with
Western countries in the Bakumatsu period brought economic and political
crises. The resignation of the shogun led to the Boshin War and the
establishment of a centralized state nominally unified under the Emperor
(the Meiji Restoration).

62. The Imperial Palace

63. Culture/Social
Environment
JAPAN

64. Culture/Social Environment
 Japan's population of 126 million is the world's tenth largest. Approximately
9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital city of Japan, which is the second
largest city proper in the OECD.
 Religion. Japan has full religious freedom based on Article 20 of its
Constitution. Upper estimates suggest that 84–96% of the Japanese
population subscribe to Buddhism or Shinto, including a large number of
followers of a syncretism of both religions. Less than 1% of Japanese are
Christian. Other minority religions include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, and
Judaism, and since the mid-19th century numerous new religious movements
have emerged in Japan.

65. Culture/Social Environment
 Languages. More than 99 percent of the population speaks Japanese as their
first language. Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a
system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with
verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker
and listener. Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of
kana (syllabaries based on cursive script and radical of kanji), as well as the
Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.

66. Culture/Social Environment
 Education. Since 1947, compulsory education in Japan comprises elementary
and middle school, which together last for nine years (from age 6 to age 15).
Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior high school,
and, according to the MEXT, as of 2005 about 75.9 percent of high school
graduates attended a university, junior college, trade school, or other higher
education institution.

67. Culture/Social Environment
 Health. In Japan, health care is provided by national and local
governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered
through a universal health insurance system that provides
relative equality of access, with fees set by a government
committee.

69. Tea Ceremony

70. Economic
Condition
JAPAN

71. Economic Condition
 As of 2012, Japan is the 3rd largest national economy in the world, after the
United States and China, in terms of nominal GDP, and the fourth largest national
economy in the world, after the United States, China and India, in terms of
purchasing power parity.
 Japan has a large industrial capacity, and is home to some of the largest and most
technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronics, machine tools,
steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed
foods.
 As of 2010, Japan's labor force consisted of some 65.9 million workers. Japan has
a low unemployment rate of around four percent. Some 20 million people, around 17
per cent of the population, were below the poverty line in 2007.

72. Economic Condition
Exports
 Japan's exports amounted to US$4,210 per capita in 2005. As of
2012, Japan's main export markets were China (18.1 percent), the
United States (17.8 percent), South Korea (7.7 percent), Thailand
(5.5 percent) and Hong Kong (5.1 percent). Its main exports are
transportation equipment, motor vehicles, iron and steel products,
semiconductors and auto parts.

73. Cars exported by Japan

74. Economic Condition
Imports
 Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs (in
particular beef), chemicals, textiles and raw materials for its industries.
 Japan ranks 27th of 189 countries in the 2014 Ease of doing business index
and has one of the smallest tax revenues of the developed world.
 As of 2006, Japan was home to 326 companies from the Forbes Global 2000
or 16.3 percent.

75. City of Tokyo

76. Notable/Famous
Personalities JAPAN

77. Notable/Famous Personalities
 • Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
 Everybody wants to be like Nobunaga. Ambitious, strong, risk-
taking successful, Nobunaga actually embodied many
characteristics that were not traditionally “samurai.”
 • Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) If Nobunaga is Caesar, and
then Tokugawa is Augustus. Tokugawa was the daimyo that
ended up finally becoming shogun of all of Japan.

78. Notable/Famous Personalities
 •Prince Shotoku (573-621)
 As regent, Shotoku helped create Japan’s first constitution, bring Chinese culture and ideas to
Japan, and spread Buddhism across the country. He is still revered in Japan as the ideal
enlightened ruler.
 •Murasaki Shikibu (c.973 - c.1014)
 Considered by some to be the first novelist there ever was, Murasaki Shikibu was a court lady
related to the Fujiwara family. In her spare time, she wrote novels and diaries that were based
on her life amongst the aristocrats of Japan.
 •Sen no Rikyu (1522-1591)
 As master of tea under Nobunaga and later Hideyoshi, Sen no Rikyu mastered the art of the tea
ceremony. Incorporating elements of wabi-sabi , Rikyu emphasized a rustic, humble
atmosphere to his ceremonies that today is called very “Japanese.”

79. Notable/Famous Personalities
 • Fukuzawa Yukichi 1835-1901)
 Considered one of the leaders in incorporating western ideas and
culture into Japanese society, Fukuzawa helped establish the first
university, (Keio University) in Japan.
 • Sakamoto Ryoma (1836-1867)
 Idealized by many Japanese (especially young men) Ryoma was a
progressive thinker that felt that the way for Japan to move forward was
to overthrow the Tokugawa bakufu government.

80. Notable/Famous Personalities
 Emperor Showa (Hirohito) (1926-1989)
The image of this very famous Japanese Emperor remains very
complex. Was Hirohito one of the main engineers of Japanese
aggression against Asian countries.
 Himiko (c.a. 248)
This queen of ancient Japan (when it was still called Wa) holds a
mystical place in Japanese history. Though there are records of her in
both Chinese and Korean documents, much of her life remains a
mystery.

81. Emperor
Hirohito