The market study on reimbursable pharmaceuticals released by Lithuanian Competition Council revealed that current legal regulation in the market of reimbursable pharmaceuticals is inefficient since it restricts the entry of analogous but cheaper pharmaceuticals. Besides, legal regulation creates favorable conditions for the manufacturers who offer more expensive pharmaceuticals compared to their competitors, which results in weak competition in the market.
Another problem is that the prices of pharmaceuticals reimbursed by the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund are calculated on the basis of publicly declared but not factual prices, which enables manufacturers to manipulate the system of reimbursable pharmaceuticals and maintain higher declared prices.
Besides, the Competition Council found that reference to the price average of several countries applied by the majority of EU members states is not appropriate to Lithuania while doing the calculation of reimbursement price, since it does not encourage manufacturers to reduce the declared prices of pharmaceuticals.
In addition, current legal regulation creates favorable conditions for the exchange of commercially sensitive information among the manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, which may negatively affect competition and the prices of reimbursable pharmaceuticals.
There are no doubts that consumers could save their own money, as well as the budget of the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund, only if they received objective information about pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, the Competition Council found that consumers lack information about analogous, equally efficient but cheaper pharmaceuticals.
The findings of the Study revealed that state regulation of pharmaceuticals is not based on the economic analysis of the impact on the market, although it should be.
According to the Competition Council, it is likely that inappropriate regulation of reimbursable pharmaceuticals results in higher prices of pharmaceuticals, lack of variety and inefficient use of the budget of the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund.
The Competition Council believes that it is necessary for state institutions responsible for health policy:
- to encourage the entry of pharmaceuticals which are of analogous quality, equally efficient but cheaper;
- to apply factual and not publicly declared prices for the prices of reimbursable pharmaceuticals;
- to find a more efficient way of calculating the reimbursement price than applying reference to other states;
- to eliminate the ability of market players to obtain information about the prices of their competitors;
- to ensure that consumers are better informed about the cheapest analogous-quality pharmaceuticals;
- to improve the implementation control of the requirements set for the trade of reimbursed pharmaceuticals in order to prevent manufacturers from having impermissible influence on doctors and pharmacists concerning their suggestions for a particular pharmaceutical.
Market study on household waste: more competition, lower prices for consumersJūratė Šovienė
In May, 2015, Lithuanian Competition Council (KT) completed a study on municipal waste management in Lithuania. The sector inquiry was started in response to a high number of investigations into municipal decisions concerning waste management. The aim of the inquiry was to analyse the sector and to suggest improvements to the municipal waste management system in Lithuania. The results of the inquiry proved a lack of competition and transparent pricing.
MAKING YOURSELF HEARD: communication with policy makersJūratė Šovienė
Advocating the dissemination of competition principles and promotion of a competition culture is one of the main challenges of a competition authority. Advocacy is an important tool in addressing public restrictions to competition, encouraging policy makers to consider competition as an instrument to protect public policy goals, but not as an impediment. In this presentation officials of competition authorities will find some hints how to communicate with policy makers and be heard.
Mission Possible: Application of Competition Rules to Public BodiesJūratė Šovienė
Lithuanian Competition Council is one of the few EU agencies with the right to investigate anticompetitive decisions by public bodies (e.g. municipalities, ministries) and to request to amend or repeal the legal acts or other decisions restricting competition. Furthermore, since January, 2017 the Council was empowered to impose sanctions to public bodies for distorting competition, for granting privileges to or discriminating against any individual undertakings or their groups. Whereas the vast majority of competition agencies in regard to public bodies has a right to use only a soft tool – competition advocacy.
Slide presentation gives a brief insight into the legal background and practice of enforcement of competition rules to public bodies in Lithuania.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
Market study on household waste: more competition, lower prices for consumersJūratė Šovienė
In May, 2015, Lithuanian Competition Council (KT) completed a study on municipal waste management in Lithuania. The sector inquiry was started in response to a high number of investigations into municipal decisions concerning waste management. The aim of the inquiry was to analyse the sector and to suggest improvements to the municipal waste management system in Lithuania. The results of the inquiry proved a lack of competition and transparent pricing.
MAKING YOURSELF HEARD: communication with policy makersJūratė Šovienė
Advocating the dissemination of competition principles and promotion of a competition culture is one of the main challenges of a competition authority. Advocacy is an important tool in addressing public restrictions to competition, encouraging policy makers to consider competition as an instrument to protect public policy goals, but not as an impediment. In this presentation officials of competition authorities will find some hints how to communicate with policy makers and be heard.
Mission Possible: Application of Competition Rules to Public BodiesJūratė Šovienė
Lithuanian Competition Council is one of the few EU agencies with the right to investigate anticompetitive decisions by public bodies (e.g. municipalities, ministries) and to request to amend or repeal the legal acts or other decisions restricting competition. Furthermore, since January, 2017 the Council was empowered to impose sanctions to public bodies for distorting competition, for granting privileges to or discriminating against any individual undertakings or their groups. Whereas the vast majority of competition agencies in regard to public bodies has a right to use only a soft tool – competition advocacy.
Slide presentation gives a brief insight into the legal background and practice of enforcement of competition rules to public bodies in Lithuania.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
2. KADA PRASIDEDA VAISTŲ
KONKURENCIJA?
• originalus vaistas (patentinis/etinis/inovacinis)
I. naujas vaistas – kaip grąžą už investicijas, turi patentu apsaugotas išimtines
teises: iki 20 ir daugiau metų
II. pasibaigus patento apsaugos laikotarpiui, į rinką turi teisę įeiti jo analogai:
generiniai vaistai
• Įrodymais pagrįsta medicina:
– generinis vaistas:
• veiklioji medžiaga, vaisto forma, vartojimo būdas = originaliojo
• kokybė, efektyvumas, saugumas = originaliojo
• įregistruojamas ir jį leidžiama platinti rinkoje, jeigu yra chemiškai ir
biologiškai = originaliam
3. KT TYRIMAS
Tiriamasis laikotarpis:
• 2009 – 2015
Tyrimo objektas:
• vaistinėse parduodamų kompensuojamųjų vaistų teisinis reguliavimas ir jo
taikymo praktika
poveikis konkurencijai
kokie sprendimai užtikrintų veiksmingą konkurenciją
Tirtos rinkos dydis: 2015 m. – 250 mln. eurų
• PSDF – 198 mln. eurų
• pacientai – 52 mln. eurų
4. KAIP SUDALYVAUTI
250 MLN. EURŲ „DALYBOSE“?
• Pagal nustatytą tvarką patekti į kompensuojamų vaistų Kainyną
• Kainyne vaistai skirstomi į grupes pagal bendrinį pavadinimą
(formulę/veikliąją medžiagą)
• Grupė formuojama nuo originalaus vaisto
5. KAIP PATEKTI Į RINKĄ
VAISTAMS-KONKURENTAMS?
• užkopti laiptais
• neįstrigti tunelyje
• perprasti butaforinių kainų subtilybes
• pasinaudoti neviešintinų, bet viešinamų kainų nauda
• rasti pacientus migloje
6. „LAIPTAI“ TVARKOJE
Kaip patekti į kompensuojamųjų vaistų rinką (kainyną) generiniam
vaistui?
• vaisto kaina turi būti tam tikru dydžiu (procentais) mažesnė nei jau grupėje
esančio vaisto kaina
• vaisto kaina turi būti mažesnė, nei kainos vidurkis, nustatytas referuojant į
kitose ES valstybėse gamintojų deklaruotas vaistų kainas (GESvid)
pildant grupę 1-ą kartą ≤ 50 % pigiausio
pildant 2-3-ą -15 % pigiausio + ≤ 95 % GESvid
7. „LAIPTAI“ RINKOJE
Tendencijos :
• pildant grupę
1-3 kartus generinių vaistų kainos = nustatytoms
paskesnius kartus < nei nustatytos
• aukštėja „laiptai“ → mažėja naujų vaistų paraiškų kiekis
• nuo 4 „laipto“→ jokio poveikio
Riboja pigesnių vaistų patekimą į rinką (kainyną)
• iki 49% pigesni vaistai (nei jau esantys rinkoje) neįleidžiami
Riboja kainų konkurenciją rinkoje
• kainos skirtumo reikalavimas veikia kaip kainos orientyras rinkos dalyviams
• ilguoju laikotarpiu tai galimai lemia aukštesnį kainų lygį
8. „TUNELIS“ TVARKOJE
Kas iškrenta iš rinkos (kainyno)?
≤ 3 gamintojų vaistai kainyne visi vaistai
>3 gamintojų vaistai kainyne tik tokie vaistai
≤ 2 pigiausių vidurkis + 40%
9. „TUNELIS“ NETAIKOMAS, KAI
RINKOJE VEIKIA ≤3
• Pigiausio ir brangiausio grupėje vaisto mažmeninių kainų skirtumai
(veikliosios medžiagos kiekis pakuotėje =)
• iki 514 %
• vidutiniškai 61 %
• Kainų konkurencija – silpna
10. „TUNELIS“ TAIKOMAS,
KAI RINKOJE VEIKIA >3
Pigiausio ir brangiausio grupėje vaisto kainos dalies tenkančios tam
pačiam veikliosios medžiagos kiekiui skirtumai
• deklaruojamų kainų
– nuo 35 % iki 787 %
– vidutiniškai 180 %
• mažmeninių kainų
– nuo 0 iki 342 %
– vidutiniškai 100 %
• mažmeninių kainų (kai pakuotės yra vienodos)
– nuo 0 iki 334 %
– vidutiniškai 111 %
11. „TUNELIO“ (NE)VEIKIMAS
PRAKTIKOJE
• „Tunelis“
– per siauras → apsaugo brangius vaistus nuo iškritimo iš rinkos
– praktikoje → neveikia
• leidžiamas [2 pigiausi+40 %], o yra kelis kartus didesnis
• 51 % grupių faktiškai pigiausias vaistas nėra tas,
– kurio deklaruojama kaina yra mažiausia ir
– pagal kurį yra skaičiuojama bazinė kaina
• kainų konkurencija – silpna
• PSDF kompensacijos – didesnės nei galėtų būti
12. DEKLARUOJAMOS AR
BUTAFORINĖS KAINOS?
52 % vaistų, kuriems taikomas “tunelis“, deklaruojama kaina skiriasi nuo
faktinės
• nuo 0,09 % iki 94 %
• vidutiniškai 34 %
Gamintojui nėra paskatų mažinti deklaruojamos kainos
• sumažini deklaruojamą kainą
– sumažėja bazinė kaina → gauni mažesnę kompensaciją iš PSDF
– rizikuoji rinkos dalimi valstybėse, kurios referuoja į Lietuvą
• nemažindamas kainos → išlieki rinkoje (kainyne)
13. VIEŠA/NEVIEŠA KAINA
• gamintojas mažmeninę kainą norėjo sumažinti iki, pvz., 3,46 Eur.:
pigiausio mažmeninė kaina bazinė kaina kompensavimas paciento priemoka
5,21 Eur 3,46 Eur 100 % 1,75 Eur
kainos mažinimo būdas bazinė kaina paciento priemoka
neviešas
paciento priemokos
nesikeičia 0
viešas
deklaruojamos kainos
sumažėja iki 2,1 Eur sumažėja iki 1,36 Eur
• ekonomiškai naudingesnis kainos mažinimo būdas
neviešas → gamintojui
viešas → PSDF
14. KOMERCIŠKAI JAUTRIOS
INFORMACIJOS MAINAI
• Klasifikatoriuje skelbiama detali kompensuojamųjų vaistų kaininė informacija
– per Klasifikatorių sumažintos vaistų mažmeninės kainos
– bazinės kainos
– paciento priemokų dydžiai
– nuolaidų taikymo trukmė
• Šią informaciją mato vaistų gamintojai-konkurentai
• Kaininės informacijos mainai tarp konkurentų
– sumažina/panaikina netikrumą dėl rinkos veikimo
– sumažina ŪS paskatas konkuruoti
– sumažina ŪS savarankiškumą priimant kainodaros sprendimus
– gali riboti naujų konkurentų atėjimą į rinką
15. TAI GALI RIBOTI KONKURENCIJĄ
• Vaistų rinkos yra gana koncentruotos: 75 % grupių, kuriose yra >1
gamintojas, yra 2-4 gamintojai
• Kaininės informacijos apie vaistus skelbimas Klasifikatoriuje gali
riboti konkurenciją rinkoje, nes:
– informacija, kuria keičiamasi, gali būti laikoma strategiškai svarbia
– informacija yra aktuali, o ne istorinio pobūdžio
– informacija keičiamasi pakankamai dažnai ir reguliariai
16. INFORMUOTI PACIENTAI – DIDESNĖ
KAINŲ KONKURENCIJA
Tačiau, pacientai neturi pakankamai žinių apie originalių ir generinių
vaistų pakeičiamumą:
• vaistą renkasi atsižvelgdami tik į specialistų (gydytojo ar vaistininko)
rekomendacijas
• neturi motyvacijos rinktis pigesnio analogiškos kokybės ir veiksmingumo
vaisto
17. KĄ SAKO GYDYTOJAI?
„...patys efektyviausi vaistai yra taip vadinami etiniai vaistai...
...iš principo pagrindinio kiekvieno vaisto komponento-veikliosios
medžiagos-sudėtis bei kiekiai tuose generiniuose vaistuose turėtų būti
identiški originalams. Tačiau medikai jums pasakys, kad taip, deja,
būna anaiptol ne visuomet...
Apibendrindamas savo ir tūkstančių Lietuvos medikų poziciją
L.Labanauskas* laikosi kategoriškos nuomonės: „reikia grįžti prie
ankstesnės tvarkos, kai medikas pacientui išrašydavo receptą su
konkrečiu vaisto pavadinimu.“
*prof. Liutauras Labanauskas – Lietuvos gydytojų sąjungos prezidentas
2016-03-18, www.delfi.lt
18. KĄ SAKO GYDYTOJAI?
„Jeigu vaistų kainos skiriasi, mažiau pasiturinti visuomenės dalis
renkasi pigesnius vaistus... Jei gydytojas ar farmacininkas informuoja
apie pigiausius preparatus, turėtų lygiai taip pat pasakyti, kuris vaistas
yra originalus. Iš savo patirties perkant vaistus galiu pasakyti, kad man
visada siūlo pigiausią variantą, todėl dažnai turiu pasiklausti, kuris
preparatas yra originalus.“
Kauno klinikų Kardiologijos klinikos
I kardiologijos skyriaus vadovė doc. Olivija Gustienė
2017-01-18, www.delfi.lt
19. KĄ SAKO GYDYTOJAI?
„Generikai yra pigesni vaistai ir daugelis įsitikinę, kad jei cheminė
formulė ta pati, vaistas turėtų veikti lygiai taip pat kaip ir brangesnis.
Ne visi galvoja, kad brangesni vaistai turi papildomų medžiagų, kurios
pailgina veikimą, padeda geriau pasisavinti bei sukelia mažiau
komplikacijų.“
Šeimos gydytojų asociacijos vadovas prof. Julius Kalibatas
2017-01-18, www.delfi.lt
20. KĄ SAKO VAISTININKAI?
Valstybės kontrolė (2016):
• kuo žemesnė vaistų kaina, tuo mažesnė priemoka ir vaistinės pelnas;
• vienu iš 14 tirtų atvejų vaistininkas tinkamai informavo pacientą apie
mažiausiai kainuojantį vaistą;
• parduoti brangesnius vaistus gali skatinti vaistininko darbo užmokesčio
siejimas su vaistų apyvarta.
21. KĄ DARO PACIENTAI?
Valstybės kontrolė (2016):
• dažniausiai perka tuos vaistus, kurių priemoka yra didesnė, pvz.:
Vaisto veikliosios medžiagos
dozė,
kiekis pakuotėje
Vaistas pagal
gamintoją
Vidutinė pakuotės
priemoka, EUR
Pacientų
skaičius
2015 metais
Nebivololum
5mg tabletės
N90 A 1,52 3 755
B 2,27 8 720
N90
C 4,29 161 951
Clopidogrelum
75 mg tabletės
N84 O 6,47 9 340
N90 M 0,68 1 901
22. KT IŠVADOS
• reguliavimas riboja vaistų kainų konkurenciją
– ribojamas analogiško poveikio, bet pigesnių vaistų patekimas į rinką
– brangūs vaistai saugomi nuo konkurencijos
– sudarytos palankios sąlygos konkurentams keistis komerciškai jautria informacija
– pacientai negauna informacijos apie analogiško veiksmingumo, bet pigesnius vaistus
• reguliavimas yra naudingas rinkos dalyviams
– kompensuojamosios kainos skaičiavimas grindžiamas butaforinėmis kainomis
– išlieki rinkoje, net ir su kelis kartus aukštesne kaina nei konkurentų
• reguliavimas remiasi ne ekonomine analize, o klaidų ir bandymų metodu
– deja, iš klaidų nepasimokoma
• reguliavimas nepasiekia jam keliamų tikslų
– mažinti kainas
– racionaliai naudoti PSDF lėšas
– gerinti vaistų prieinamumą ir įvairovę
23. KT REKOMENDUOJA
skatinti pigesnių, bet analogiškos kokybės ir veiksmingumo, vaistų patekimą į rinką
(kainyną) ir tarpusavio konkurenciją dėl išlikimo joje
kompensuojamos kainos skaičiavimui taikyti faktines, o ne deklaruojamas kainas
ieškoti efektyvesnio kompensuojamos kainos skaičiavimo būdo, nei referavimas į
kitas valstybes
panaikinti rinkos dalyvių galimybes sužinoti informaciją apie konkurentų taikomas
kainas
efektyviau informuoti bei skatinti pacientus rinktis pigesnius analogiškos kokybės
vaistus
tobulinti vaistų prekybai nustatytų reikalavimų įgyvendinimo kontrolę, siekiant
išvengti gamintojų neleistinos įtakos gydytojams bei vaistininkams
24. AR PASINAUDOSIME KITŲ ŠALIŲ
GERĄJĄ PATIRTIMI?
• aukcionai
• privalomas mažiausiai kainuojančio išdavimas vaistinėje
• kaštų-naudos analizė
• regresiniai antkainiai
• mokestis vaistinei tik už vaistų išdavimą
• terapinių alternatyvų grupavimas
• lankstus ir operatyvus sistemos reagavimas į pokyčius rinkoje