PPPT of Kholberg's Theory

1. KOHLBERG’S THEORY
OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
3 levels and 6 stages of moral development by kohlberg

2. •Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–
1987) was an American
psychologist best known for
his work in moral
development and moral
psychology. He was born in
Bronxville, New York, and
studied psychology at the
University of Chicago, where
he obtained his bachelor's

3. •Lawrence Kohlberg
proposed a theory of moral
development that outlines
three levels, each
consisting of two stages.
The theory is based on the
idea that moral reasoning
develops in a sequential
and hierarchical manner.

4. AVOIDING PUNISHMENT
SELF-INTERESST
GOOD BOY ATTITUDE
LAW AND ORDER
MORALITY
SOCIAL
CONTRACT
PRINCIPLE
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
(3-7 Age)
Moral Reasoning Based on
Reward and Punishment
CONVENTIONAL
(8-13 Age)
Moral Reasoning Based on
External Ethics
POST-
CONVENTIONAL
(Adulthood)
Moral Reasoning Based on
Personal Ethics
STAGES OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT

5. LEVEL 1: PRECONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
•At this stage, individuals focus on avoiding
punishment. They obey rules to avoid
consequences.

6. LEVEL 1: PRECONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
• Individuals at this stage begin to recognize that there is
more than one point of view. They understand that different
people have different needs, and they begin to consider
reciprocity and fairness in their actions.

7. LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships
• In this stage, individuals value interpersonal
relationships and conform to societal expectations.
They seek approval from others and want to be seen as
a good person by those close to them.

8. LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
• At this stage, individuals focus on maintaining social
order and obeying authority. They understand the
importance of obeying laws and fulfilling duties to
uphold society's rules.

9. LEVEL 3: POSTCONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
• Individuals at this stage recognize that societal rules are
relative and can be changed for the greater good. They
understand the importance of social contracts and
individual rights and may challenge laws that they see as
unjust.

10. LEVEL 3: POSTCONVENTIONAL
MORALITY
Stage 6: Universal Principles
• At the highest stage of moral development, individuals
have developed their own set of moral principles based on
universal human rights and justice. They are willing to
disobey laws that conflict with their deeply held ethical
principles.

11. It's important to note that not everyone reaches the
highest stages of moral development, and
progression through these stages may vary based
on individual experiences, education, and culture.
Additionally, Kohlberg's theory has been criticized
for its cultural bias and gender insensitivity, among
other limitations.