The Ku Klux Klan originated in the southern United States after the Civil War. The KKK aimed to reestablish white supremacy and sought to eliminate African Americans, Christians, Jews and other groups. In the 1920s, the second KKK was reformed under William J. Simons and used lynching and violence against racial and religious minorities. The document also discusses the origins and goals of the first, second and third iterations of the KKK throughout American history.
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Rank-and-File Radicalism within the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s .docxmakdul
Rank-and-File Radicalism within the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s
By John Zerzan
In the following article are presented some unusual features of the Ku Klux Klan
of the 1920s, the only period in which the KKK was a mass movement. In no way should
this essay be interpreted as an endorsement of any aspect of this version of the Klan or of
any other parts of Klan activity. Nonetheless, the loathsome nature of the KKK of today
should not blind us to what took place within the Klan 70 years ago, in various places and
against the wishes and ideology of the Klan itself.
In the U.S. at least, racism is certainly one of the most crudely reified phenomena.
The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s is one of the two or three most important - and most
ignored - social movements of 20th century America. These two data are the essential
preface to this essay.
Writing at the beginning of 1924, Stanley Frost accurately surveyed the Klan at
the crest of its power: ``The Ku Klux Klan has become the most vigorous, active and
effective organization in American life outside business.''(1) Depending on one's choice
of sources, KKK membership in 1924 can be estimated at anywhere between two and
eight million.(2)
And yet, the nature of this movement has been largely unexplored or
misunderstood. In the fairly thin literature on the subject, the Klan phenomenon is usually
described simply as `nativism'. A favorite in the lexicon of orthodox historians, the term
refers to an irrationality, racism, and backwardness supposedly endemic to the poorer and
less-educated classes, and tending to break out in episodic bouts of violently-expressed
prejudice. Emerson Loucks' The Ku Klux Klan in Pennsylvania: A Study of Nativism is a
typical example. Its preface begins with, ``The revived KKK and its stormy career is but
one chapter in the history of American nativism,'' the first chapter is entitled, ``Some
Beginnings of Nativism,'' and in the book's concluding paragraph we learn that
``Nativism has shown itself to be a perennial.''(3)
Kenneth Jackson, with his The Ku Klux Klan in the City, has been one of a very
few commentators to go beyond the amorphous `nativism' thesis and also challenge
several of the prevailing stereotypes of the Klan. He argues forcefully that ``the Invisible
Empire of the 1920s was neither predominantly southern, nor rural, nor white
supremacist, nor violent.''(4) Carl Degler's succinct comments corroborate the non-
southern characterization quite ably: ``Significantly, the single piece of indisputable Klan
legislation enacted anywhere was the school law in Oregon; the state most thoroughly
controlled by the Klan was Indiana; and the largest Klan membership in any state was
that in Ohio. On the other hand, several southern states like Mississippi, Virginia, and
South Carolina hardly saw the Klan or felt its influence.''(5) Jackson's statistics show
clearly the Klan's northern base, with only one southern state, Texas, ...
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
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Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
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to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
2. The KKK KKK is the abbreviation for Ku Klux Klan. Ku Klux Klan comes from a Greek word “klyklos” It means cycle or circle.
3. The KKK in 1920 In the 1920’s, the KKK reformed. William J. Simons reformed the second KKK. They tried to eliminate the African-Americans, Christians, Jews and other races/religions in the US to make a total white, protestant nation.
4. Lynching Lynching is another word for hanging. It was used by the KKK a lot to kill people to show hatred of blacks, Jews, and Christians. The lynching of Laura Nelson in Okemah, Oklahoma on May 25, 1911; she had tried to protect her son, who was lynched together with her.
6. The First KKK The first KKK was developed in December, 1886. Six very well educated Confederate Veterans, when the south was in reconstruction from the Civil War, made the first KKK. It was formed in Pulaski, Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest was the first Grand Wizard of the KKK
7. The Second KKK The second KKK was formed at a small organization in Georgia. The KKK they continued the same goal, trying to have white supremacy and Protestantism throughout the United States. Grand Dragons were the leaders of the KKK. The states that had the most KKK people in it were Alabama and Iowa.
8. The Third KKK The third KKK formed in the 1950’s through the 1960’s. The third KKK formed after WWII.
