Khảo sát về tình dục toàn cầu 2012 Thực hiện bởi Durex

1. THE FACE OF GLOBAL SEX 2012
Fırst sexUsing a condom and its impact
on future sexual behaviour

2. First Sex | Using a condom and its impact on future sexual behaviour
Contents
Foreword 4
Overview 6
Introduction 8
Country highlights 10
Condom use at first sex
Age at first sex
Age at first sex education
Experience of unplanned pregnancy
Experience of STI
Condom use at last sex
Main results 16
1. Key determinants of condom use at first sex
2. Prospective implications of condom use at first sex
in positive sexual health outcomes later in life
Conclusion 34
Appendix 36
Methodology
Country highlights data table
References 42
The first time is
always memorable

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The Face Of Global Sex 2012
The first time you have sex is always memorable.
For some it is a pleasurable experience that has been planned in advance and in
which both partners have made an informed choice to share intimacy. However,
for others, first sex may be unplanned, unexpected and uninformed.
These first sexual experiences impact not only upon how people feel about their
first time, but also upon their future sexual health, wellbeing and confidence.
People using condoms at first sex are more likely to be satisfied with their overall
sex life and to be confident that they know how to avoid unplanned pregnancy.
The results also clearly show that condom use at first sex is strongly associated
with sexually responsible behaviour in the future. People using a condom when
they lost their virginity are more likely to have used a condom the last time
they had sex, and are less likely to contract STIs or experience an unplanned
pregnancy in the future.
The results from this report can have positive implications for public health,
particularly on the importance of sexual education, as seen in all countries
surveyed. We see that early sex education can have a strong potential role in
helping people make an informed choice to use a condom at first sex. This
provides public health professionals with an effective intervention to reduce the
incidence of STIs, unplanned pregnancies and, more importantly, help people
adopt positive sexual health practices later in life.
At Durex, we believe everyone has the right to a healthy, fulfilling sex life. Being
informed and empowered promotes confidence to experience the best of
sex – free to enjoy sex without safety fears and free to express sexual emotions
physically and verbally. We know that good sexual health promotes a better
sense of sexual wellbeing and leads to healthier lives.
Highlighting the results of this report increases the potential for lifelong
improvement to sexual health. It can help provide healthcare professionals
and sexual health policymakers with valuable information that can be used
to promote sexual health and wellbeing in the future.
Foreword
People using condoms at first
sex are more likely to be satisfied
with their overall sex life and to
be confident that they know how
to avoid unplanned pregnancy.
…early sex education can have
a strong potential role in helping
people make an informed choice
to use a condom at first sex.
First sexual experiences
impact upon how people feel
about their first time and their future
sexual health, well being
and confidence.

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The Face Of Global Sex 2012 First Sex | Using a condom and its impact on future sexual behaviourFirst Sex | Using a condom and its impact on future sexual behaviour
Overview
Adults in these 37 countries
who managed to never have an
unintended pregnancy or an STI
were also more likely to have
used a condom the first time
that they had sex.
Of special importance are the
characteristics that might be
influenced, like the amount
of sexuality education that
they receive or their access
to sexual and reproductive
health resources.
Freya L. Sonenstein, Ph.D.
Professor and Director
Center for Adolescent Health
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health
Why should we care whether condoms
are used at first intercourse?
This study, as well as many others in the literature, finds that one of the best
predictors of condom use among sexually active adults is whether or not these
adults began their sexual activity using condoms. Further, adults in these 37
countries who managed to never have an unintended pregnancy or an STI were
also more likely to have used a condom the first time that they had sex. Thus it is
important for us to understand the characteristics of young people who tend to
protect themselves at first intercourse because these are the individuals who will
be more likely to have intended children and not be burdened by disease. These
are positive outcomes for themselves as individuals and for society in general.
Of special importance are the characteristics that might be influenced, like the
amount of sexuality education that they receive or their access to sexual and
reproductive health resources.
The survey findings indicate that condom use at first sexual intercourse is far
from a universal practice. Across time, condom use has however increased
as is shown by the negative relationship between age and condom use. Older
respondents are less likely to have used condoms when they first began to have
sex compared to younger respondents. Younger survey participants appear to
have responded to efforts to increase condom use.
The results of the survey will prove useful in informing sexual health programmes
all over the world, as they indicate that focusing further educational and
marketing efforts to get young people to use condoms more consistently when
they initiate sex can pay off immediately, as they protect themselves from the
negative consequences of sex. These efforts are also likely to have longer term
effects, as these adults continue to protect themselves and their partners as they
grow older.
Having sexual intercourse for the very first time is
a critical and expected step for most adolescents
around the world as they move into adult roles.
The circumstances under which first sex occurs vary substantially across
societies and time periods.
• In countries where early marriage is the norm, young women are more
likely to first experience sex with their husbands, while elsewhere first
sexual intercourse more often occurs outside of marriage
• Across time and countries circumstances change
• In many developed nations young people are delaying the age of marriage
• Across the globe, the numbers of children desired or expected have
decreased, making pregnancy prevention increasingly important
• And the appearance in the past 30 years of HIV as a life-threatening
condition that can be sexually transmitted has reinvigorated reliance on
condoms for STI prevention
All these patterns are embedded within the Face of Global Sex 2012 survey
whose results are presented here on the following pages.
In this survey, adults aged 18-64 in 37 countries provided information about
the circumstances of their first experience with sexual intercourse, whether it
occurred almost 40 years ago or more recently. We learn that adults in Columbia
and Brazil report the youngest ages at first intercourse (around age 17) and
those in Malaysia and Indonesia report the oldest ages (around 23) on average.
Whether or not a condom was used at first intercourse varied much more
extensively, with two thirds of the adults in Brazil and Greece reporting condom
use, contrasted with less than one third in Indonesia, the Czech Republic and
New Zealand.

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The Face Of Global Sex 2012
8
Introduction
Since the 1990s, Durex has carried out global
surveys investigating and documenting sexual
attitudes and practices of the general population
around the world.
Initially, these surveys were intended to help raise brand awareness and
profile. The results of these reports, therefore, were not specifically targeted
at the academic world or sexual health experts, disseminated instead, to the
general populations of the participating countries through mass media channels.
However, it quickly became apparent that the information being gathered
and disseminated served as a valuable tool in:
• Raising public awareness regarding unsafe sexual behaviours
• Highlighting the value of condom use as a public health measure
• Encouraging public policy debate
As a result, the reports were made more widely available to the academic world
and healthcare media. Their focus was also refined to include more academic
information that could specifically be used for policy-making and sexual
wellbeing programs.
Scientific studies on human sexuality
This process eventually led to the development of scientific studies on human
sexuality, regularly produced by Durex since 2005. Using data from the Durex
Sexual Wellbeing Global Surveys, the brand has been able to develop statistical
models for better understanding specific trends and associations of variables
related to human sexuality.
A good example of how this worked took place in 2007, when Durex had a
scientific paper published on likelihoods of unprotected sex among the UK
population in the Journal of the European Society for Contraception; and in
2008 the brand developed a statistical model that clearly demonstrated a strong
association between parental involvement in children’s sex education and higher
levels of sexual confidence later in their life.
The importance of these studies is becoming increasingly recognised for two
main reasons:
• Firstly, the results of these surveys allow the general population to have
access to unique sets of data, important for awareness of critical public
health issues
• Secondly, the results promote an in-depth scientific analysis and debate
for strengthening public policies on sex education
Evolving survey format
The format of the surveys has also evolved in the past few years to
accommodate the needs of the new audiences. Originally, the surveys were
presented to the public in a form of descriptive analysis of the data. Information
on associations and determination modelling was limited to scientific forums. In
this context, sexual programmes only benefited from an understanding of overall
sexual health figures, such as the proportion of condom use, STI incidence etc.
Other important information, such as socio-demographic, behavioural, and/
or attitudinal determinants, that could have been used for understanding and
promoting regular use of contraception and protection against STIs, were not
previously available and have only recently been incorporated into the reports
to be made available to the public domain.
As one of the few organisations in the world to have adequately developed an
integrated social marketing approach within its unique strategy, Durex is now
recognised as a key player in sexual health issues and policy by major sex
education world leaders, such as the UNFPA and the European Commission.
Durex is also a world leader in systematising the social needs of its consumers
and the public, recognised by GBCHealth, the organisation that mobilises the
power of the global business community to build a healthier world.
The new Face of Global Sex 2012 report has as its main focus the importance
of condom use during the first sexual experience. In addition, it relates to other
variables in sexual health, providing important insights into determinants that
impair or promote condom use throughout life and sexual wellbeing in general.
In particular, the report examines and finds important associations between the
use of condoms at first sex with future positive sexual health behaviours and
outcomes in later life.
Durex used findings from the Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey 2011–2012
to develop this new study for testing these two important associations.
The new Face of Global Sex
2012 report has as its main focus
the importance of condom use
during the first sexual experience.

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The Face Of Global Sex 2012
Country
highlights
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
15 yrs old
17 yrs old
19 yrs old
21 yrs old
23 yrs old
25 yrs old
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
Condom use at first sex
Proportions of condom use at first sex varied across countries as shown in the
graph below:
• Brazil was the country reported to have the highest proportion of
condom users at first sex (66.0%), followed by Greece (65.5%) and
South Korea (62.8%)
• By contrast, the lowest proportion of individuals using condoms at first
sex was observed in Indonesia (27.6%), Czech Republic (30.4%) and
New Zealand (32.6%)
Age at first sex
Age at first sex differed by more than four years between participating countries:
• Brazil was the country with the lowest age at first sex (17 on average) –
followed closely by Colombia and Austria which had similar results
• Malaysia, Indonesia and India were the countries with the highest average
age at first sex, each of them at over 22 years
Condom use at first sex Mean age at first sex
Proportion(%)
Ageinyears
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey

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12
Age at first sex education
• Sex education was found to start on average between the ages of 12 and
12.5 in Mexico, Austria and Germany
• By contrast, respondents in India, Malaysia and China reported receiving
their first formal sex education over the age of 15
Experience of unplanned pregnancy
• More than 80% of respondents in Italy, France, the Netherlands and Mexico
reported having never experienced an unplanned pregnancy
• However, these figures were significantly lower in Turkey, New Zealand,
and Romania where the equivalent number was at around 60% of
all respondents
Country
highlights
11 yrs old
12 yrs old
13 yrs old
14 yrs old
15 yrs old
16 yrs old
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
Mean age at first sex education
Ageinyears
Never experienced an unplanned pregnancy
Proportion(%)
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey

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Condom use at last sex
Despite the number claiming current use of condoms as a contraception/
protection method, rates of condom use at last sex varied markedly
across countries:
• From 79% in China, to
• 39% in the Czech Republic
Country
highlights
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
USA
UK
Turkey
Thailand
Taiwan
Switzerland
Spain
SouthKorea
SouthAfrica
Singapore
Russia
Romania
Portugal
Poland
Nigeria
NewZealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Malaysia
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Indonesia
India
Hungary
HongKong
Greece
Germany
France
CzechRepublic
Croatia
Colombia
China
Canada
Brazil
Austria
Australia
Experience of STI
In the case of having experienced an STI:
• Russia, Croatia and especially Turkey were the countries at greatest risk
• Taiwan, UK and Indonesia were countries with the smallest incidence rates,
with proportions of individuals never experiencing STIs at over 88%
Never experienced an STI
Proportion(%)
Used condom at last sex
Proportion(%)
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey
To review the country highlights data, please refer to the appendix on pages 40–41
Source: 2011–2012 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey

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Main results
1. Key determinants of condom use at first sex
To identify the factors helping to determine condom use at first sex, seven
independent variables were examined. They were:
• Gender
• Age
• Income level
• Education level
• Relationship at first sex
• Did not plan for first sex
• Never received sex education
Seven univariate and one multivariate (including
all independent variables) models were created.
In addition, other variables were also examined – including age at first sex, drug
and/or alcohol use at first sex and discussing with parents prior to first sex – but
these were found to have no statistically significant level of association. The table
below shows the results for the univariate and multivariate models.
REGRESSION MODELS UNIVARIATE MULTIVARIATE
Condom Use at First Sex
Robust
Odds
Ratio
Std.
Err. z Pz
[95% Conf.
Interval]
Robust
Odds
Ratio
Std.
Err. z Pz
[95% Conf.
Interval]
Male 1.191 0.047 4.430 0.000 1.102 1.286 1.214 0.048 4.940 0.000 1.124 1.311
Current age 0.963 0.004 -9.340 0.000 0.956 0.971 0.971 0.004 -7.130 0.000 0.963 0.979
Income very much above average 0.867 0.119 -1.040 0.297 0.662 1.134 0.776 0.113 -1.740 0.081 0.584 1.032
Income above average 1.017 0.080 0.210 0.830 0.872 1.187 0.953 0.095 -0.480 0.631 0.784 1.159
Income somewhat above average 0.986 0.053 -0.260 0.795 0.887 1.096 0.973 0.053 -0.510 0.609 0.874 1.082
Income somewhat below average 0.838 0.048 -3.060 0.002 0.748 0.938 0.909 0.068 -1.280 0.202 0.785 1.053
Income below average 0.744 0.049 -4.480 0.000 0.653 0.847 0.826 0.062 -2.540 0.011 0.712 0.957
Income very much below average 0.638 0.059 -4.880 0.000 0.533 0.764 0.715 0.080 -3.010 0.003 0.575 0.889
Highest education level: PhD,
MBA or similar 0.951 0.087 -0.550 0.584 0.796 1.137 1.015 0.108 0.140 0.890 0.824 1.251
Medium education level 0.825 0.065 -2.420 0.015 0.706 0.964 0.910 0.070 -1.230 0.220 0.782 1.058
Low education level 0.674 0.057 -4.640 0.000 0.570 0.796 0.876 0.068 -1.710 0.088 0.752 1.020
Still in education 1.729 0.161 5.870 0.000 1.440 2.075 1.459 0.167 3.300 0.001 1.166 1.826
Married at first sex 0.522 0.040 -8.390 0.000 0.449 0.608 0.689 0.065 -3.950 0.000 0.573 0.829
In stable relationship at first sex 1.790 0.076 13.730 0.000 1.647 1.945 1.611 0.086 8.920 0.000 1.451 1.789
In casual relationship at first sex 1.034 0.062 0.570 0.572 0.920 1.163 1.266 0.096 3.110 0.002 1.091 1.468
Did not plan for first sex 0.737 0.038 -5.950 0.000 0.666 0.815 0.777 0.041 -4.730 0.000 0.700 0.862
Never received sex education 0.470 0.050 -7.170 0.000 0.382 0.578 0.680 0.067 -3.890 0.000 0.560 0.826
The intention of this study was to:
1. Identify the key determinants
for condom use at first sex.
2. Identify prospective
implications of condom use
at first sex in regular condom
use and positive sexual health
outcomes later in life

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18
Interestingly, the Durex study
found that for each one-year
increase in age past the age
of 18, the likelihood for having
used a condom at first sex
reduces by 2.9%.
The impact of age
The survey showed age of respondent to be another important predictor for
condom use at first sex. Interestingly, the Durex study found that for each one-
year increase in age past the age of 18, the likelihood for having used a condom
at first sex reduces by 2.9%. However, this could be a period effect, with older
people, especially those who reached puberty before the arrival of HIV, being
less likely to have used condoms.
The graph below shows that over 70% of respondents below the age of
20 affirmed having used condoms at first sex. This proportion decreased
significantly as age progressed, reaching less than 40% of total at the age
of 50 and less than 25% by the age of 64.
The marked difference in
condom use by males and
females suggests that it should
be considered carefully when
devising interventions to influence
behaviour at first sex.
Gender – an important predicting factor
Gender is considered an important factor in predicting condom use at first sex.
International literature suggests that males are more likely to have protected sex
at their first sexual experience:
• Yilmaz et al (2010), found that male Turkish students had started sexual
relations at a younger age but had unprotected first sex less often than
female students
• Similarly, Sneed et al (2012), observed that males were significantly more
likely to report using condoms for protection at first intercourse than females
The results of the Durex survey confirm this data from international literature,
showing a significant correlation between gender and likelihood to use condoms
at first sex. After adjusting for weighting and clustering effects, the multivariate
model indicated a 21.4% higher likelihood for using male condoms at first sex
for males compared to female respondents (95%CI: 12.4–31.1%).
The marked difference in condom use by males and females suggests that it
should be considered carefully when devising interventions to influence behaviour
at first sex.
This result would merit further research to establish the gender difference –
whether it lies in a simple misunderstanding of the question by respondents,
through women using other contraception options that are open to them,
to the potential of females being pressured into sex before they are ready.
The results enable the creation of a clear picture of a
person most likely to use condoms at first sex:
Main results
INFLUENCING FACTOR EXAMINED INDIVIDUAL MOST LIKELY TO USE
CONDOMS AT FIRST SEX
• Gender
• Income level
• Education level
• Relationship at first sex
• Did not plan for first sex
• Never received sex education
• Male
• From average or higher
income family
• Currently still in education
• In a stable relationship but
not married
• Planned for sex
• Received sex education
Each of these factors had a significant impact on the use of condoms at first sex
and which in itself impacts upon future sexual behaviour, as detailed in this report.
20
20 30 40 50 60 70
Age of repsondent
Percentofuse(%)
40
60
80
Fitted values95% CI
Percentage condom use at first sex by age of respondent

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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Still inLow levelMedium levelHigh levelHighest level:
PhD, MBA etc
1.02 1.0
0.91 0.88
1.46
Education level – no clear association with condom use
Despite a general belief of education being associated with less risky behaviours,
the study did not show a strong association between the level of education and
the likelihood of condom use at first sex.
The only strong association was found in respondents who claimed to still be
studying. For that particular group, condom use at first sex was 45.9% more
likely than the average to use condoms at first sex. Other international studies
confirm this finding (Andrade et al 2008 and Paiva et al 2008). Paiva observed
that more schooling was also associated with delaying of sexual intercourse
and commented that the postponement of the first sexual intercourse is more
frequent among youths with more years of schooling.
This is an area that would benefit from further research to establish the causes
for the high figure. Potential reasons could include:
• Better access to medical facilities
• Receiving counselling and
information in a college environment
• A better knowledge base about
sexual health among students
• Peer influence resulting in
safer behaviour
• People investing in education may
simply have more to lose if an
unintended pregnancy occurs
Below average income reduces likelihood of condom use
In the case of income, keeping in mind that the majority of respondents reported
having a level of family income as ‘about average’ for their country, statistically
significant differences in Odds Ratio were found for poorer segments of the
population in all 37 countries:
• Respondents that reported having an income ‘very much below average’
were 39.9% less likely to have used a condom at first sex
• Similarly, individuals who reported being from ‘below average’ income
families were 21.1% less likely to have used a condom at first sex
• This could indicate the importance of targeting people from the lower income
end of the spectrum for safer sex initiatives
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Very much
below
average
Below
average
Somewhat
below
average
Somewhat
above
average
About
average
Above
average
Very much
above
average
0.78
0.95
0.97
0.91
0.83
0.72
1.0
Main results
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’ by ‘Income’
Income
Education level
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’ by ‘Education’

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Relationship at first sex – one of the most
important factors
Relationship status was found to be one of the most important factors associated
with the likelihood of condom use at first sex.
• Individuals who were in a stable relationship were 61.1% more likely to
have used a condom at first sex
• This trend is dramatically reversed in the case of people who engaged in
first sex only when they got married. In this group the likelihood of use of
condoms at first sex was found to be negative by 45.1%
Main results
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
In stable relationship
at first sex
Not in a stable relationship
at first sex
1.0
1.61
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’
by ‘Being in a stable relationship’
Relationship status
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Married at
first sex
Not married
at first sex
1.0
0.69
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’
by ‘Being married’
Marital status
This association, between a stable relationship and condom use is surprising,
as, intuitively, it would be more expected that condom use would be higher
with casual relationships.
Manlove et al (2008) also found the negative association between casual
partners and the odds of condom use at first sex. The reason for this
seemingly odd result could lie in what young people before first sex perceive
as being a stable relationship. In this case, a relationship of just a few weeks
could potentially be described as stable by a young person when, later in life
that same person would describe it as casual.

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Planning for first sex – increases condom usage
Planning of the first sexual experience was also found to be directly associated
with condom use at first sex. The Durex study found that those who did not plan
their first sexual experience were 28.7% less likely to have used a condom.
The significance of planning is also noted by Stone and Ingham (2002) who
commented in their study that only one variable emerged as a significant
independent predictor of condom use for both sexes – the degree of discussion
about contraception preceding first intercourse. They also pointed out that its
impact appears to be stronger and more consistent among females than it was
among males.
The association of condom use with planning and enjoyment could also be
as a result of couples sharing their anxieties about unplanned pregnancy or
transmission of STIs, thus making the use of condoms more likely.
Those who did not plan their
first sexual experience were
28.7% less likely to have used
a condom.
The association of condom use
with planning and enjoyment
could also be as a result of
couples sharing their anxieties
about unplanned pregnancy or
transmission of STIs, thus making
the use of condoms more likely.
Never received sex education – a dramatic indicator
In the case of correlation of no sex education with condom use at first sex, the
impact is shown to be even more pronounced. Respondents that reported never
having received sexual education were 47.1% less likely to have used condoms at
first sex.
The same trend was also reported by Manlove et al (2008), where they found
that those who did not receive formal sex education had lower odds of condom
use and/or consistency. This outcome is to be expected, as individuals receiving
no formal sex education would generally be expected to have lower knowledge
levels about the nature of the risks associated with unprotected sex and how to
avoid them. However, this result should be treated with caution as, across time,
levels of sex education and condom use have both risen.
Respondents that reported never
having received sexual education
were 47.1% less likely to have
used condoms at first sex.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Did not plan
for first sex
Planned for
first sex
1.0
0.78
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Never received
sex education
Received
sex education
0.68
1.0
Main results
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’
by ‘Having not planned for first sex’
Odds ratio of ‘Condom use at first sex’
by ‘Never receiving sex education’
Planning approach
Access to sex education

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2. Prospective implications of condom use at first
sex in positive sexual health outcomes later in life
For the second model, for each predictive model created, the following
control variables were used:
• Gender
• Age
• Income
• Education
• Current relationship status
• Region of residence (urban,
suburban and rural)
• Current employment status
• Sexual orientation (heterosexual,
homosexual and bisexual)
Based on these control variables, ‘Condom use at first sex’ was used as the
main independent variable on the controlled logistical regressions to check
for potential associations with:
1. Level of confidence in how to prevent AIDS
2. Level of confidence in how to prevent unplanned pregnancy
3. Level of confidence in how to have a happy sex life
4. Level of confidence in sources of sex education
5. Agreement with the statement ‘Sex education makes
people more responsible’
6. Feeling satisfied overall with sexual life
7. Never having experienced unplanned pregnancy
8. Never having experienced an STI
9. Use condoms at the moment
10. Always use condoms with main partner
11. Always use condoms with other partner(s)
12. Used condoms the last time he/she had sex
The 12 logistic regressions were also adjusted for clustering effects and
weighting of the dataset. The following table presents the main findings
for results of association of condom use at first sex with each of the variables
in the model:
Dependent Variables
OR
(Used condom
at first sex)
Robust
SE
z p-value 95% CI
Domain 1
1. Level of confidence in how to prevent AIDS 1.087 0.088 1.03 0.302 0.928 1.273
2. Level of confidence in how to prevent
unplanned pregnancy 1.355 0.112 3.67 0.000 1.152 1.594
3. Level of confidence in how to have a happy sex life 1.134 0.078 1.82 0.069 0.990 1.298
4. Level of confidence in sources of sex education 1.130 0.077 1.79 0.073 0.989 1.291
Domain 2
5. Agreement with the statement ‘Sex education
makes people more responsible’ 1.208 0.077 2.95 0.003 1.066 1.370
6. Feeling satisfied overall with sexual life 1.196 0.083 2.59 0.010 1.045 1.370
Domain 3
7. Never having experienced unplanned pregnancy 1.479 0.073 7.93 0.000 1.343 1.629
8. Never having experienced an STI 1.262 0.086 3.43 0.001 1.105 1.442
Domain 4
9. Use condoms at the moment 2.764 0.198 14.19 0.000 2.402 3.180
10. Always use condoms with main partner 1.392 0.113 4.08 0.000 1.187 1.631
11. Always use condoms with other partner(s) 1.397 0.208 2.24 0.025 1.043 1.871
12. Used condoms the last time he/she had sex 1.423 0.127 3.97 0.000 1.196 1.694
Statistically significant levels of association were found for nine of the
tested variables. These variables can be subdivided into four domains:
Domain 1
Level of confidence in sexual health knowledge
Domain 2
Agreement with specific attitudinal issues concerning sexual health
Domain 3
Current and previous incidence of STIs and unplanned pregnancy
Domain 4
Current condom use
Main results

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Results – impact of using condoms at first sex
on future behaviour
The results enable the creation of a simple profile of the future behaviour of a
person using condoms at first sex. The individual will on average:
• Be confident they can prevent unplanned pregnancy
• Be satisfied with their overall sex life
• Believe sex education enables people to be more responsible when
having sex
• Be unlikely to have experienced an STI or unplanned pregnancy
• Probably use condoms as their current contraception choice
• Probably use a condom with their main and other partners
• Probably have used a condom at their last sexual intercourse
These sexual health and wellbeing benefits are highly significant and suggest
that targeting programmes to encourage condom use at first sex would be
beneficial to global sexual health. However, more research would be needed as
the results could be influenced by reverse causality, with individuals with better
overall sexual health being more likely to also use condoms.
To see how the profile of a condom user at first sex was reached, we need to
look at the findings for each of the domains.
Domain 1 – Level of confidence in sexual
health knowledge
1. Level of confidence in how to prevent AIDS
2. Level of confidence in how to prevent unplanned pregnancy
3. Level of confidence in how to have a happy sex life
4. Level of confidence in sources of sex education
Out of the four variables related to the level of confidence:
• A strong association was found only for the variable of level of confidence
in how to prevent unplanned pregnancy (p0.05). Individuals that reported
having used condoms at first sex were 35.5% more likely to indicate that they
felt confident in being able to prevent an unplanned pregnancy
• However, for the other three confidence variables (AIDS, happy sex life and
source of sex education) no statistically significant associations were found
This obviously leads to the conclusion that, while people are aware of the value of
condoms in preventing pregnancy, they are not aware of their role in preventing
the transmission of STIs such as HIV. This may be perpetuated by the fact that
some people view STIs and AIDS as being treatable. The fact that they are also
unsure of where to find a source of sexual information also implies a lack of
knowledge on the subject.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Used condoms at first sex and
confidence on how to prevent
unplanned pregnancy
Did not use
condom at first sex
1.0
1.36
Main results
Odds ratio of ‘Confidence on how to prevent unplanned
pregnancy’ by ‘Condom use at first sex’

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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Used condom at
first sex and never
experienced a STI
Used condom at first sex
and never experienced an
unplanned pregnancy
Did not use
condom at first sex
1.0
1.48
1.26
Domain 2 – Agreement with specific attitudinal issues
concerning sexual health
5. Agreement with the statement ‘Sex education makes people more responsible’
6. Feeling satisfied overall with sexual life
In the second domain, the level of association was strongest for attitudinal
questions regarding sexual education and health.
• Respondents claiming to have used condoms at first sex were 20.8% more
likely to agree with the statement: ‘Sex education enables people to be more
responsible when having sex’
• Furthermore, for the statement “I am satisfied with my overall sex life”, the
increase of likelihood for individuals who have used condoms at first sex is
very similar at 19.6%
This result is interesting when compared with the result of Domain 1 (Level of
confidence in sexual health knowledge), where people were unsure where to
find a source of sexual information or about how to protect themselves from AIDS.
Respondents obviously value sex education, yet would appear to have
had limited access to it or for the quality of that education to have been low.
Domain 3 – Current and previous incidence of STIs
and unplanned pregnancy
7. Never having experienced unplanned pregnancy
8. Never having experienced an STI
A very strong significant association was found for the unplanned pregnancies
and STI incidence variables and condom use at first sex.
• In the case of STIs, respondents who had used condoms at first sex were
26.2% more likely to have not experienced an STI
• When it came to unplanned pregnancy, respondents using condoms at
first sex were at an even lower risk, with 47.9% more likely to have never
experienced an unplanned pregnancy
Main results
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Used condom at first sex
and agree with the
statement “Sex education
enables people to be more
responsible when having sex”
Did not use
condom at first sex
Used condom at first sex
and agree with statement
“I am satisfied with my
overall sex life”
1.0
1.21 1.20
Odds ratio of ‘Sexual health attitudes’
by ‘Condom use at first sex’
Odds ratio of ‘Past unplanned pregnancy and STI experience’
by ‘Condom use at first sex’

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The Face OF GlObal Sex 2012The Face OF GlObal Sex 2012
32
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Used condoms
at first sex and
used condoms
the last time
he/she had sex
Used condoms
at first sex and
always use
condoms with
other partner(s)
Used condoms
at first sex and
always use
condoms with
main partner
Used condom
at first sex and
use condoms
at the moment
Did not use
condom at
first sex
1.0
2.76
1.39 1.4 1.42
Domain 4 – Current condom use
9. Use condoms at the moment
10. Always use condoms with main partner
11. Always use condoms with other partner(s)
12. Used condoms the last time he/she had sex
The strongest significant association was found between the independent
variable, condom use at first sex and current behaviour in the use of
contraception. Individuals claiming using condoms as their current method for
contraception were 176% more likely to have used a condom at first sex.
This particular association is widely reported in many other studies:
• Traeen et al (2011) reported that using a condom at most recent
sexual intercourse was significantly associated with condom use
at first intercourse
• Similarly Ma et al (2009), found that condom use during the first sexual
experience, oral contraceptive use in the previous year and a higher condom
self-efficacy score in both genders were potent predictors of frequent
condom use
• And Thomas et al (2004), observed that using condoms at the first sexual
experience is a strong predictor of future condom use
Individuals claiming using
condoms as their current
method for contraception were
176% more likely to have used a
condom at first sex.
Other very significant results were found in frequency of condom use with the
main partner and other partner(s). The likelihood of respondents who used
condoms at first sex also using one with their main partner was 39.2% and
39.7% with other partner(s).
Finally, individuals who had used condoms at first sex and were currently using
condoms as a method of contraception were 42.3% more likely to have used
condoms at their last sexual intercourse.
These results clearly show the value of targeting sexual health programmes
at young people before first sex to encourage condom use as it has beneficial
effects throughout their sexual life.
Main results
Odds ratio of ‘Present condom use’
by ‘Condom use at first sex’

18. 353534
The Face Of Global Sex 2012
Appendix
The results of the Face of Global Sex 2012 have
strong implications for the field of public health.
The study clearly demonstrates that early sexual education and making first sex a
planned experience, is important to ensure:
• Condom use at first sex
• Positive sexual health practices later in life
Children and adolescents that receive sexual health orientation and have their
questions answered by people whom they trust, show a significantly stronger
tendency to use condoms at first sex and later in life. These results attest to the
importance of sexual education in all countries surveyed.
Individuals who have used condoms at first sex are:
• Significantly less likely to experience an STI or unplanned pregnancy.
(This is true even after adjusting the model for gender, age, sexual
orientation, relationship status, area of residence, country of
origin, etc.)
• Significantly more likely to demonstrate higher levels of confidence
in preventing unplanned pregnancy and to have positive attitudes
concerning sexual education.
The strongest association with the use of condoms at first sex was found
with variables of regular condom use later in life, with both main and other
sexual partners. This knowledge offers public health professionals an effective
intervention for reducing the incidence of STIs and unwanted pregnancies.
The results of the study enable the identification of a profile of the person who is
most likely to use condoms at first sex:
• Male
• About average income
• Currently continuing education
• In a stable relationship
• Planned first sex
• Received sex education
Understanding this profile will enable the tailoring of sexual health
strategies to be more effective in encouraging condom use at first sex,
with all the subsequent benefits that this action brings to the sexual health
life of the individual.
Conclusion
Children and adolescents that
receive sexual health orientation
and have their questions
answered by people whom
they trust, show a significantly
stronger tendency to use
condoms at first sex and
later in life.
This knowledge offers public
health professionals an effective
intervention for reducing the
incidence of STIs and
unwanted pregnancies.

19. Potential
determinants of
condom use at
first sex
Condom use
at first sex
Current sexual
health confidence,
attitudes, condom
use and outcomes
Model 1 Model 2
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The Face Of Global Sex 2012
36
The main research question examined in the report was the following:
What are the key determinants of condom use at first sex and what are the
prospective implications for regular condom use and positive sexual health
outcomes later in life?
Based on the initial assessment, two specific hypotheses were tested:
• Ho1: Specific socio-demographic characteristics and previous exposure to
sex education are not associated with condom use at first sex
• Ho2: Condom use at first sex is not associated with continuous condom use
and positive sexual health outcomes later in life
All data collected electronically by Harris Interactive was compiled into a single
database using Excel.
• A descriptive and explanatory analysis was first carried out before translating
the consolidated database into STATA statistical software and conducting
the statistical analysis
The statistical analysis included two different models of analyses:
• Model 1 was used for identifying the determinants of condom use at first sex
• Model 2 was used for identifying the implications of condom use at
first sex on continuous and positive sexual health behaviours and
outcomes later in life
The diagram below presents the two temporal levels of association to be tested
by these statistical models:
Appendix
Methodology
The 2011–12 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey was carried out in
37 countries.
• The sampling of the respondents was conducted by Harris Interactive
via a web-based panel system in 36 of 37 countries
• In the 37th country, Nigeria, data was collected using
face-to-face interviews
• The minimum sample was composed of 500 respondents per country
including people 18 and up to 64 (for a margin of error in each country
of approximately 4.3%)
In addition, based on the composition of the samples, the data collecting agency
made the necessary adjustments for weighting the data in a way to include a
representative sample. Below is a list and description of samples collected from
each of the participating countries:
Country Frequency Percent Cumulative
Australia 1,009 3.4 3.4
Austria 501 1.7 5.0
Brazil 1,004 3.4 8.4
Canada 1,015 3.4 11.8
China 2,060 6.9 18.6
Colombia 1,007 3.4 22.0
Croatia 504 1.7 23.7
Czech Republic 506 1.7 25.4
France 1,059 3.5 28.9
Germany 1,006 3.4 32.2
Greece 513 1.7 34.0
Hong Kong 508 1.7 35.6
Hungary 510 1.7 37.3
India 1,005 3.4 40.7
Indonesia 1,014 3.4 44.1
Ireland 500 1.7 45.7
Italy 1,064 3.6 49.3
Japan 509 1.7 51.0
Malaysia 506 1.7 52.7
Country Frequency Percent Cumulative
Mexico 1,019 3.4 56.1
Netherlands 1,013 3.4 59.5
New Zealand 510 1.7 61.2
Nigeria 500 1.7 62.8
Poland 1,029 3.4 66.3
Portugal 507 1.7 68.0
Romania 507 1.7 69.6
Russia 1,030 3.4 73.1
Singapore 506 1.7 74.8
South Africa 504 1.7 76.4
South Korea 1,010 3.4 79.8
Spain 1,000 3.3 83.1
Switzerland 506 1.7 84.8
Taiwan 1,012 3.4 88.2
Thailand 505 1.7 89.9
Turkey 1,004 3.4 93.2
UK 1,014 3.4 96.6
USA 1,018 3.4 100
Total 29,994 100
The main goal of the survey was to collect data on various sexual knowledge,
attitude and practice variables, including specific domains of respondents’ first
sexual experiences, their current propensity to use contraception protection and
other specifics of their current sexual health status.

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38
Appendix
Methodology continued
For Model 1, the following analyses were conducted:
1. Review of all variables included in the final dataset and check for
inconsistencies and missing numbers
2. Codebook of all variables for identification of quartiles, means and medians
of all variables
3. Weighting the dataset to adjust for distribution discrepancies
4. Calculating the mean and 95% confidence intervals for all variables
5. T-tests for statistically significant differences between various
control variables
6. Generation of box-plot graphs for main variables
7. Development of univariate and multiple logistic regression models for
identifying specific associations between various independent variables
and condom use at first sex
8. Generation of two-way associative graphs for examining the association
between the specific independent variables and the dependent variable
9. Confounding and interaction testing for all independent variables included
in the final multiple logistic regression model
For Model 2, similar procedures were carried out for steps one to six
included in Model 1, while the final regression model used a different
approach as follows:
1. Development of multiple logistics regression models for identification of
potential associations of condom use at first sex (used as independent
variable) with multiple dependent variables (multiple models). All of these
models were adjusted for socio-demographic variables, such as age of
respondents, income, education, location of residence, sexual orientation
and relationship status
2. Generation of likelihood graphs and odds ratios based on the models
created for each dependent variable
Only non-virgin respondents were included in the final dataset for the analysis
of the descriptive statistics in Models 1 and 2 given the assumption of the model
that respondents had already lost their virginity.
• Out of the 29,994 respondents for all countries, 4,290 respondents (14.3%)
claimed they were still virgins and were therefore excluded from the sample,
leaving a total of 25,704 respondents whose response to the question:
“Have you lost your virginity?” was positive
Method
Number of
respondents
% of total number
of respondents
Condoms 13,219 51.4
Withdrawal 5,155 20.1
Oral contraceptive pill 4,801 18.7
Rhythm/natural method 2,112 8.2
Coil/IUD/IUS 707 2.8
Diaphragm/Cap 304 1.2
Female condom 533 2.1
Contraceptive injections/implants 491 1.9
Emergency contraception 1,107 4.3
Contraceptive patch 376 1.5
Male sterilisation 239 0.9
Female sterilisation 278 1.1
Other form of contraception/protection 398 1.5
Can’t remember 1,175 4.6
No contraception/protection used 4,780 18.6
Decline to answer 552 2.1
Condoms Oral Contraception
No Yes Total
No 10,451 2,034 12,485
Yes 10,452 2,767 13,219
Total 20,903 4,801 25,704
As mentioned previously, the key independent variable used across all statistical
models was condom use at first sex. The table below shows the distribution
of birth control methods used by respondents in absolute number and as a
percentage of the total:
As presented in the table above, condom use is cited as the contraceptive
method most utilised (51.4%) by all respondents, followed by withdrawal (20.1%)
and oral contraceptive pill (18.7%).
• It is important to observe that 18.6% of respondents claimed not using any
contraception/protection
• In addition, as respondents were allowed to respond to more than one
method, a significant number of respondents indicated dual usage. For
instance, in the case of condoms and oral contraception, dual protection
was observed in 10.8% (or 2,767 respondents) as presented below

21. 41
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40
Appendix
Country Condom Use at First Sex Mean Age at First Sex –
Years
Age at First Sex Education –
Years
Never Experienced an
Unplanned Pregnancy
Never Experienced a STI Used Condoms at Last Sex
Australia 42.3% 18.1 12.9 70.4% 81.4% 64.4%
Austria 57.4% 17.5 12.4 78.3% 79.0% 57.3%
Brazil 66.0% 17.3 12.9 74.6% 76.8% 68.2%
Canada 39.2% 18.5 12.7 73.8% 83.1% 66.8%
China 49.4% 21.2 15.3 69.1% 71.7% 78.9%
Colombia 52.8% 17.4 12.9 76.7% 81.5% 50.7%
Croatia 44.7% 18.5 13.6 71.2% 69.5% 48.2%
Czech Republic 30.4% 17.6 13.5 67.1% 82.7% 39.1%
France 34.8% 18.7 13.3 81.3% 84.0% 53.7%
Germany 45.7% 17.8 12.5 79.2% 82.6% 61.9%
Greece 65.5% 18.4 13.6 69.1% 74.9% 65.0%
Hong Kong 56.9% 20.8 12.9 70.2% 82.3% 76.0%
Hungary 35.8% 18.4 13.2 69.6% 76.7% 55.6%
India 51.8% 22.5 15.9 73.2% 69.8% 71.3%
Indonesia 27.6% 23.6 14.8 72.2% 87.6% 54.5%
Ireland 48.6% 18.8 13.3 68.2% 83.8% 70.6%
Italy 55.1% 19.4 13.4 85.6% 76.8% 55.3%
Japan 60.9% 20.4 12.8 75.6% 82.6% 64.5%
Malaysia 54.0% 23.7 15.5 66.7% 78.6% 57.0%
Mexico 51.0% 19.1 12.3 80.7% 78.5% 59.7%
Netherlands 48.1% 18.5 12.6 81.0% 83.1% 62.7%
New Zealand 32.6% 17.5 12.8 63.0% 71.7% 66.2%
Nigeria 45.0% 20.6 15.0 77.4% 83.0% 57.3%
Poland 60.9% 19.4 14.2 71.4% 76.6% 52.6%
Portugal 49.6% 18.4 13.1 78.8% 78.2% 48.0%
Romania 43.5% 19.3 14.7 63.2% 78.5% 55.4%
Russia 50.1% 17.9 14.6 70.1% 67.2% 56.9%
Singapore 50.1% 22.0 14.5 74.9% 75.6% 62.5%
South Africa 49.5% 19.4 13.3 70.2% 81.1% 63.1%
South Korea 62.8% 22.1 14.4 65.9% 83.5% 60.5%
Spain 61.0% 19.5 13.2 78.9% 84.9% 67.1%
Switzerland 55.1% 18.6 13.1 76.4% 76.0% 61.4%
Taiwan 55.8% 21.9 13.7 69.0% 89.0% 71.5%
Thailand 60.5% 20.2 13.8 73.4% 83.0% 69.7%
Turkey 41.4% 21.3 14.6 62.4% 55.3% 54.7%
UK 50.2% 18.3 12.6 75.9% 87.6% 63.6%
USA 39.6% 18.4 12.9 72.9% 80.4% 65.3%
Country highlights data table

22. 4242
The Face Of Global Sex 2012
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Good sexual health promotes
a better sense of sexual wellbeing
and leads to healthier lives

23. Reckitt Benckiser
Turner House
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Berkshire
SL1 3UH
United Kingdom
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www.durex.com
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