This document discusses algorithms for keyword proximity search in XML trees. It presents two problems: identifying all minimum connecting trees (MCTs) that connect keyword nodes, and identifying lowest MCTs whose root is not an ancestor of another MCT root. For indexed XML data, it proposes a nested loop algorithm and a more efficient stack-based algorithm. For unindexed data, it adapts the stack algorithm to perform in one pass over the data tree. Experimental results show the stack-based algorithms generally outperform nested loops algorithms.
Harold Boley: RuleML/Grailog: The Rule Metalogic Visualized with Generalized ...PhiloWeb
RuleML/Grailog provides a graph-based visualization syntax for logic called Grailog. It uses generalized directed graphs to represent logical concepts like predicates, variables, constants, and formulas. The graphs extend basic directed labeled graphs to allow for hyperedges, recursive nesting, and labelnodes. Various graphical elements like shapes, lines, and hatching are used to represent logical elements and their properties in a visual format that is cognitively easier for humans to understand and work with compared to symbolic logical representations.
The document introduces strings and the String class in Java, describing how to construct, compare, manipulate, and extract substrings from strings. It also covers converting between strings and other data types, as well as using regular expressions to match and replace patterns within strings. The overall goal is to provide programmers with the necessary string processing capabilities to solve problems involving text files and replacing words within files.
The document introduces the String class and how to use strings to process text and files in Java. It discusses constructing strings, comparing strings, getting substrings and string lengths, and converting between strings and other data types. The objectives cover using the String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer classes to manipulate fixed and flexible strings.
Hummingbird - Open Source for Small Satellites - GSAW 2012Logica_hummingbird
The document describes Hummingbird, an open source ground segment software framework for small satellites. Some key points:
- Hummingbird uses simplicity as a design principle and pushes functionality to existing technologies to reduce complexity.
- It takes a "back to basics" approach using modern network technologies like Spring, Camel, ActiveMQ and CometD rather than reinventing components.
- The framework has evolved from a classical separation of tiers to a true asynchronous processing model using a semantic information model and non-relational databases.
The document describes the design of a semantic role labeling system. It includes UML descriptions of the DepTree, DepTreeNode, and Corpus_type classes that make up the system. The DepTree class represents a dependency parse tree, DepTreeNode represents nodes in the tree, and Corpus_type represents a corpus of training and testing data. The design generates subtrees from sentences for semantic relation labeling and uses a tree distance algorithm to find similar subtrees in a training corpus for labeling.
The document discusses proposed music and audio workflows including archival, supported, and generic workflows. It shows diagrams of the workflows which involve adding files and metadata, converting file formats, and grouping the files and metadata into a structured archive. It also proposes a new interface for submitting audio resources that allows selecting and labeling multiple related files.
The document discusses the topics that will be covered in a .NET summer training program, including introductions to .NET framework classes, data types, OOP concepts, inheritance, multithreading, exception handling, file I/O, ADO.NET, web forms, and HTML controls. The training will cover syntax, architecture, and implementations related to these .NET and web development technologies.
Harold Boley: RuleML/Grailog: The Rule Metalogic Visualized with Generalized ...PhiloWeb
RuleML/Grailog provides a graph-based visualization syntax for logic called Grailog. It uses generalized directed graphs to represent logical concepts like predicates, variables, constants, and formulas. The graphs extend basic directed labeled graphs to allow for hyperedges, recursive nesting, and labelnodes. Various graphical elements like shapes, lines, and hatching are used to represent logical elements and their properties in a visual format that is cognitively easier for humans to understand and work with compared to symbolic logical representations.
The document introduces strings and the String class in Java, describing how to construct, compare, manipulate, and extract substrings from strings. It also covers converting between strings and other data types, as well as using regular expressions to match and replace patterns within strings. The overall goal is to provide programmers with the necessary string processing capabilities to solve problems involving text files and replacing words within files.
The document introduces the String class and how to use strings to process text and files in Java. It discusses constructing strings, comparing strings, getting substrings and string lengths, and converting between strings and other data types. The objectives cover using the String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer classes to manipulate fixed and flexible strings.
Hummingbird - Open Source for Small Satellites - GSAW 2012Logica_hummingbird
The document describes Hummingbird, an open source ground segment software framework for small satellites. Some key points:
- Hummingbird uses simplicity as a design principle and pushes functionality to existing technologies to reduce complexity.
- It takes a "back to basics" approach using modern network technologies like Spring, Camel, ActiveMQ and CometD rather than reinventing components.
- The framework has evolved from a classical separation of tiers to a true asynchronous processing model using a semantic information model and non-relational databases.
The document describes the design of a semantic role labeling system. It includes UML descriptions of the DepTree, DepTreeNode, and Corpus_type classes that make up the system. The DepTree class represents a dependency parse tree, DepTreeNode represents nodes in the tree, and Corpus_type represents a corpus of training and testing data. The design generates subtrees from sentences for semantic relation labeling and uses a tree distance algorithm to find similar subtrees in a training corpus for labeling.
The document discusses proposed music and audio workflows including archival, supported, and generic workflows. It shows diagrams of the workflows which involve adding files and metadata, converting file formats, and grouping the files and metadata into a structured archive. It also proposes a new interface for submitting audio resources that allows selecting and labeling multiple related files.
The document discusses the topics that will be covered in a .NET summer training program, including introductions to .NET framework classes, data types, OOP concepts, inheritance, multithreading, exception handling, file I/O, ADO.NET, web forms, and HTML controls. The training will cover syntax, architecture, and implementations related to these .NET and web development technologies.
Keyword-based Search and Exploration on Databases (SIGMOD 2011)weiw_oz
Keyword-based search aims to support searching databases using keywords rather than structured queries. This allows for a large user population but comes with challenges including structural and keyword ambiguity. The tutorial discusses approaches to infer structure from keywords and rank candidate structures and results to provide high-quality answers. Future work includes better handling of keyword ambiguity and more effective result analysis and exploration.
This document discusses building a web application for interactively querying and exploring big data with Solr. It describes the goals of quickly exploring data and making Solr/Hadoop easier to use. The architecture is presented as a user interface on top of the standard Solr API using REST. The history and improvements of the user experience are covered. Advanced features like analytic facets, nested facets, and operations on data buckets are introduced.
This document summarizes three papers on keyword search over structured databases using an interpretative approach. The first paper discusses building an efficient index table to map keywords to row and column identifiers in the database. The second paper presents a general algorithm with two steps - a publication step to pre-compute indexing, and a search step to lookup keywords and generate SQL queries. The third paper introduces the concept of intrinsic and contextual weights to model the dependency between query keywords and generate a ranked list of query interpretations.
Overview of structured search technology. Using the structure of a document to create better search results for document search and retrieval.
How both search precision and recall is improved when the structure of a document is used.
How a keyword match in a title of a document can be used to boost the search score.
Case studies with the eXist native XML database.
Steps to set up a pilot project.
Information retrival system and PageRank algorithmRupali Bhatnagar
We discuss the various models for Information retrieval system present in literature and discuss them mathematically. We also study the PageRank Algorithm which is used for relevant search.
To download slides:
http://www.intelligentmining.com/category/knowledge-base/
These are my notes for a presentation I did internally at IM. It covers both the multinomial and multi-variate Bernoulli event models in Naive Bayes text classification.
The document discusses the E-Learning Baseline at UCL, which outlines minimum expectations for e-learning provision across all taught programs and modules. It establishes baseline requirements for campus-based courses and additional Baseline+ requirements for wholly online courses. The baseline addresses orientation, accessibility, legal, and communication elements that should be included in Moodle courses. It can be used as a guide for online course design and implementation. Support is available to help instructors understand and apply the baseline standards to their courses.
This document appears to be an English proficiency exam containing questions about language use, writing ability, and reading comprehension. It includes sections on oral expression with sample conversations and dialogs, error identification with underlined sentence portions, sentence completion, and reading comprehension with associated multiple choice questions. The exam is in Thai but tests English language skills through various question types in different sections. It provides an assessment of essential English abilities at both the sentence and full paragraph/passage level.
This document provides an agenda and objectives for a tutorial on implementing an automated dependency injection framework in a dynamic language like JavaScript. The tutorial will first cover setting up the development environment. It will then demonstrate manual dependency injection in a tic-tac-toe game. Next, it will discuss designing an automated framework to replace manual wiring by injecting types, DOM elements, and events. The framework will be implemented using a test-driven approach. Finally, the simplified wiring code using the framework will be compared to the original manual wiring code.
The document discusses obesity in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) who are on a lifelong low-phenylalanine diet. It suggests several potential causes of obesity in this population, including that the PKU diet is higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat and fiber than general recommendations. Other factors that may contribute are lack of protein to promote satiety, high sugar content of many low-protein foods, low fiber intake, choice of high-carbohydrate exchange foods, poor metabolic control, and low levels of exercise. More research is still needed to fully understand obesity in adults with PKU and how to help patients maintain a healthy weight on the restrictive diet.
La posibilidad de presentar declaración anticipada en todos los regímenes aduaneros, la identificación de los usuarios de comercio exterior confiables que permitirá concentrar el control en los operadores riesgosos y la obligación de pagar los derechos e impuestos de importación por medios electrónicos, son, entre otros, los mecanismos que trae el nuevo Estatuto Aduanero y que se traducen en mayor facilitación para las operaciones de comercio exterior.
La ministra de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, Cecilia Álvarez-Correa, explicó que esta es una herramienta que permite armonizar las normas y los procedimientos de las operaciones de comercio exterior con estándares internacionales y les permitirá a los empresarios reducir tiempos y costos en los procesos del comercio exterior, lo que contribuirá a mejorar la competitividad.
Los diferentes mecanismos que trae la nueva legislación permitirán, por ejemplo, reducir sustancialmente el tiempo de nacionalización de una mercancía al pasar de 270 horas a 48 horas.
Dokumen ini membahas struktur dan fungsi organ-organ tumbuhan seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, dan biji. Juga membahas proses pengangkutan zat-zat dalam tubuh tumbuhan melalui difusi, osmosis, dan transportasi aktif. Struktur daun berbeda antara tumbuhan monokotil dan dikotil, sedangkan bunga dapat mengalami modifikasi struktur. Buah dibedakan menjadi buah sejati dan buah semu.
HIV TO SELF-DESTRUCT. M.I.T. RESEARCH BY TIFFANY AMARIUTAElenusz
1. A research team at MIT led by Professor Essigmann has been working on finding a way to destroy HIV.
2. Tiffany Amariuta, a 2011 high school valedictorian, joined the team as a freshman at MIT in 2011 and within a year helped discover a molecule that kills HIV by causing it to mutate itself to death.
3. The molecule, 8-oxo-deoxy-guanosine, increases HIV's mutation rate until the virus destroys itself.
The document discusses various XML processing models including DOM, SAX, StAX, and VTD-XML. VTD-XML uses a non-extractive parsing approach that encodes tokens as 64-bit integers to provide efficient random access parsing of XML documents with minimal memory usage. It has advantages over DOM and SAX such as being faster, using less memory, and allowing incremental updates to XML documents. Parallel DOM (ParDOM) is also discussed as an approach to parallelize DOM parsing across multiple CPU cores.
BGOUG 2012 - Design concepts for xml applications that will performMarco Gralike
The document discusses handling large XML documents in Oracle XML DB. It notes that storing XML documents on disk using XMLType's object-relational capabilities can be faster than storing them fully in memory, as disk storage avoids memory limitations and allows leveraging database indexing and query optimization. The document provides examples of shredding XML documents into relational tables for efficient querying and validation against XML schemas. It emphasizes designing XML and schemas for optimal database storage and querying XML portions using standards like XQuery and XPath.
Collaborative Similarity Measure for Intra-Graph ClusteringWaqas Nawaz
The document summarizes a presentation on a proposed collaborative similarity measure (CSM) for intra-graph clustering. CSM calculates similarity between vertices based on both their structural proximity and attribute similarity. It was tested on real and synthetic datasets and was shown to be scalable to medium graphs while maintaining high quality clusters, as measured by density, entropy, and F-measure, compared to other methods. The presentation covered the motivation, related work, CSM method, experiments evaluating time complexity and quality, and conclusions.
Keyword-based Search and Exploration on Databases (SIGMOD 2011)weiw_oz
Keyword-based search aims to support searching databases using keywords rather than structured queries. This allows for a large user population but comes with challenges including structural and keyword ambiguity. The tutorial discusses approaches to infer structure from keywords and rank candidate structures and results to provide high-quality answers. Future work includes better handling of keyword ambiguity and more effective result analysis and exploration.
This document discusses building a web application for interactively querying and exploring big data with Solr. It describes the goals of quickly exploring data and making Solr/Hadoop easier to use. The architecture is presented as a user interface on top of the standard Solr API using REST. The history and improvements of the user experience are covered. Advanced features like analytic facets, nested facets, and operations on data buckets are introduced.
This document summarizes three papers on keyword search over structured databases using an interpretative approach. The first paper discusses building an efficient index table to map keywords to row and column identifiers in the database. The second paper presents a general algorithm with two steps - a publication step to pre-compute indexing, and a search step to lookup keywords and generate SQL queries. The third paper introduces the concept of intrinsic and contextual weights to model the dependency between query keywords and generate a ranked list of query interpretations.
Overview of structured search technology. Using the structure of a document to create better search results for document search and retrieval.
How both search precision and recall is improved when the structure of a document is used.
How a keyword match in a title of a document can be used to boost the search score.
Case studies with the eXist native XML database.
Steps to set up a pilot project.
Information retrival system and PageRank algorithmRupali Bhatnagar
We discuss the various models for Information retrieval system present in literature and discuss them mathematically. We also study the PageRank Algorithm which is used for relevant search.
To download slides:
http://www.intelligentmining.com/category/knowledge-base/
These are my notes for a presentation I did internally at IM. It covers both the multinomial and multi-variate Bernoulli event models in Naive Bayes text classification.
The document discusses the E-Learning Baseline at UCL, which outlines minimum expectations for e-learning provision across all taught programs and modules. It establishes baseline requirements for campus-based courses and additional Baseline+ requirements for wholly online courses. The baseline addresses orientation, accessibility, legal, and communication elements that should be included in Moodle courses. It can be used as a guide for online course design and implementation. Support is available to help instructors understand and apply the baseline standards to their courses.
This document appears to be an English proficiency exam containing questions about language use, writing ability, and reading comprehension. It includes sections on oral expression with sample conversations and dialogs, error identification with underlined sentence portions, sentence completion, and reading comprehension with associated multiple choice questions. The exam is in Thai but tests English language skills through various question types in different sections. It provides an assessment of essential English abilities at both the sentence and full paragraph/passage level.
This document provides an agenda and objectives for a tutorial on implementing an automated dependency injection framework in a dynamic language like JavaScript. The tutorial will first cover setting up the development environment. It will then demonstrate manual dependency injection in a tic-tac-toe game. Next, it will discuss designing an automated framework to replace manual wiring by injecting types, DOM elements, and events. The framework will be implemented using a test-driven approach. Finally, the simplified wiring code using the framework will be compared to the original manual wiring code.
The document discusses obesity in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) who are on a lifelong low-phenylalanine diet. It suggests several potential causes of obesity in this population, including that the PKU diet is higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat and fiber than general recommendations. Other factors that may contribute are lack of protein to promote satiety, high sugar content of many low-protein foods, low fiber intake, choice of high-carbohydrate exchange foods, poor metabolic control, and low levels of exercise. More research is still needed to fully understand obesity in adults with PKU and how to help patients maintain a healthy weight on the restrictive diet.
La posibilidad de presentar declaración anticipada en todos los regímenes aduaneros, la identificación de los usuarios de comercio exterior confiables que permitirá concentrar el control en los operadores riesgosos y la obligación de pagar los derechos e impuestos de importación por medios electrónicos, son, entre otros, los mecanismos que trae el nuevo Estatuto Aduanero y que se traducen en mayor facilitación para las operaciones de comercio exterior.
La ministra de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, Cecilia Álvarez-Correa, explicó que esta es una herramienta que permite armonizar las normas y los procedimientos de las operaciones de comercio exterior con estándares internacionales y les permitirá a los empresarios reducir tiempos y costos en los procesos del comercio exterior, lo que contribuirá a mejorar la competitividad.
Los diferentes mecanismos que trae la nueva legislación permitirán, por ejemplo, reducir sustancialmente el tiempo de nacionalización de una mercancía al pasar de 270 horas a 48 horas.
Dokumen ini membahas struktur dan fungsi organ-organ tumbuhan seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, dan biji. Juga membahas proses pengangkutan zat-zat dalam tubuh tumbuhan melalui difusi, osmosis, dan transportasi aktif. Struktur daun berbeda antara tumbuhan monokotil dan dikotil, sedangkan bunga dapat mengalami modifikasi struktur. Buah dibedakan menjadi buah sejati dan buah semu.
HIV TO SELF-DESTRUCT. M.I.T. RESEARCH BY TIFFANY AMARIUTAElenusz
1. A research team at MIT led by Professor Essigmann has been working on finding a way to destroy HIV.
2. Tiffany Amariuta, a 2011 high school valedictorian, joined the team as a freshman at MIT in 2011 and within a year helped discover a molecule that kills HIV by causing it to mutate itself to death.
3. The molecule, 8-oxo-deoxy-guanosine, increases HIV's mutation rate until the virus destroys itself.
The document discusses various XML processing models including DOM, SAX, StAX, and VTD-XML. VTD-XML uses a non-extractive parsing approach that encodes tokens as 64-bit integers to provide efficient random access parsing of XML documents with minimal memory usage. It has advantages over DOM and SAX such as being faster, using less memory, and allowing incremental updates to XML documents. Parallel DOM (ParDOM) is also discussed as an approach to parallelize DOM parsing across multiple CPU cores.
BGOUG 2012 - Design concepts for xml applications that will performMarco Gralike
The document discusses handling large XML documents in Oracle XML DB. It notes that storing XML documents on disk using XMLType's object-relational capabilities can be faster than storing them fully in memory, as disk storage avoids memory limitations and allows leveraging database indexing and query optimization. The document provides examples of shredding XML documents into relational tables for efficient querying and validation against XML schemas. It emphasizes designing XML and schemas for optimal database storage and querying XML portions using standards like XQuery and XPath.
Collaborative Similarity Measure for Intra-Graph ClusteringWaqas Nawaz
The document summarizes a presentation on a proposed collaborative similarity measure (CSM) for intra-graph clustering. CSM calculates similarity between vertices based on both their structural proximity and attribute similarity. It was tested on real and synthetic datasets and was shown to be scalable to medium graphs while maintaining high quality clusters, as measured by density, entropy, and F-measure, compared to other methods. The presentation covered the motivation, related work, CSM method, experiments evaluating time complexity and quality, and conclusions.
XPath is an expression language used to select nodes in an XML document. It allows the description of paths in an XML tree to retrieve matching nodes. This document provides an overview of the XPath data model, syntax, axes, node tests and examples of XPath queries. Key concepts covered include the seven node types in XPath, how location paths composed of axes and node tests are used to navigate the XML tree, and abbreviations used in XPath expressions. Examples are given to demonstrate how to select nodes using different axes, node tests, and wildcards.
This document describes LSI text clustering. It discusses vector space models, term weighting using TF-IDF, similarity measures, latent semantic indexing using singular value decomposition, suffix arrays and longest common prefix arrays for phrase discovery. The clustering algorithm involves preprocessing text, feature extraction to find terms and phrases, applying LSI to discover concepts and determine cluster labels, assigning documents to clusters, and calculating cluster scores. Parameters and issues with the algorithm are also outlined. A demo clusters a set of question and answer documents.
This document discusses structured data interoperability on the web. It covers extracting and publishing structured data using semantic web technologies like RDF, OWL, and linked data. Key challenges discussed are interconnecting vocabularies used in different data sources and interlinking equivalent resources between sources. The document outlines research on ontology matching, alignment representation, and data linkage to address these challenges. Examples of existing tools and projects that perform alignment, linking, and data fusion are also provided.
Content-sensitive User Interfaces for Annotated Web Pagesflxn13
The document proposes extending the DOM API to enable content-sensitive user interfaces for web pages annotated with semantic technologies like RDFa. It describes augmenting the DOM tree with RDF triples extracted from annotations to link document text to machine-readable data. This would allow querying annotated data and retrieving corresponding DOM elements to provide feedback or actions. Examples include highlighting scheduling conflicts or showing event details. The approach aims to interact directly with annotated page content rather than switching between applications.
This presentation was presented by Martin Kersten (CWI), well known in the Dutch eScience and scientific computing community, at the Netherlands eScience Center (NLeSC) on November 9, 2011 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Abstract of the presentation:
This presentation gives an introduction to NoSQL (Not only SQL) (pdf) databases with examples from MonetDB and discussed, applications and limitations.
This document discusses strategies for indexing XML data stored in an Oracle database. It describes the different index types available, including unstructured XML indexes, structured XML indexes, and secondary Oracle Text indexes. It provides examples of creating each type of index and discusses best practices for index design depending on the structure and usage of the XML data. Maintaining and tuning XML indexes over time is also covered.
1) OpenDA is a data assimilation toolbox that allows for both data assimilation and model calibration in a generic way.
2) It has an object oriented design that allows components like models and algorithms to be easily exchanged.
3) OpenDA supports parallel computing concepts and various ways of integrating models, including keeping models as "black boxes".
This document describes GraphREL, a relational framework for processing sub-graph queries over graph databases. GraphREL encodes graph data relationally and translates sub-graph queries to SQL. It uses statistical summaries to optimize query decomposition into multiple SQL queries. This improves over a naive single SQL translation that can be too complex. GraphREL identifies pruning points from statistical summaries to selectively decompose queries based on selectivity. This leads to more efficient query evaluation plans compared to a blind decomposition approach.
Hotsos 2013 - Creating Structure in Unstructured DataMarco Gralike
This document discusses creating structure from unstructured XML data and optimizing XML performance in Oracle databases. It provides examples of structuring Wikipedia XML data and indexing it in various ways using XMLType, binary XML, structured and unstructured XML indexes. The key is choosing the right storage and indexing approach depending on the query patterns and data structure. Proper design can significantly outperform default XML handling.
Scala aims to unify functional and object-oriented programming to better support component-based software development. It does this by (1) treating algebraic data types as extensible class hierarchies, (2) treating functions as objects with apply methods, and (3) allowing functions and modules to be specialized. This provides capabilities like partial functions and actor-based concurrency in a library rather than as language features. Event-based actors implemented as a library can outperform threaded actors for high numbers of actors.
Extraction of topic evolutions from references in scientific articles and its...Tomonari Masada
The document describes a method called TERESA that extracts topic evolutions from linked scientific articles. It modifies LDA by introducing a transition probability matrix to model how topics evolve from cited to citing documents. The method reveals directed relationships between topics over time. It also discusses accelerating the variational Bayesian inference algorithm for TERESA using GPUs. An experiment applies the method to the Cora dataset.
Syntax Reuse: XSLT as a Metalanguage for Knowledge Representation LanguagesTara Athan
=We present here MXSL, a subset of XSLT re-interpreted as a syntactic metalanguage for RuleML with operational semantics based on XSLT proc-essing. This metalanguage increases the expressivity of RuleML knowledge bases and queries, with syntactic access to the complete XML tree through the XPath Data Model. The metalanguage is developed in an abstract manner, as a paradigm applicable to other KR languages, in XML or in other formats.
1. The document discusses the XPath specification and data model. It provides examples of XPath queries and explains how XPath expressions are evaluated.
2. Key points covered include the seven node types in XPath (root, element, attribute, text, comment, processing instruction, namespace), location paths composed of axes and node tests, and the use of predicates to filter node sets.
3. Examples demonstrate different XPath axes like child, descendant, and attribute as well as wildcards, predicates, and accessing attribute values. Evaluation of XPath expressions is explained as a multi-step process working from context nodes.
XML data binding allows XML data to be represented and manipulated as objects in an object-oriented programming language. It provides a mapping between XML schemas and object-oriented types, allowing XML data to be deserialized into objects and objects to be serialized back into XML. This mapping is done through an XML-to-object mapping tool. XML data binding facilitates working with XML data in an object-oriented way by enabling operations like totaling salaries for employees to be implemented using object-oriented methods rather than requiring the use of XML query or transformation languages.
Liszt los alamos national laboratory Aug 2011Ed Dodds
Liszt is a domain specific language for building portable mesh-based partial differential equation (PDE) solvers. It provides domain specific language features like mesh elements, topology functions, fields, and parallel for comprehensions to solve problems related to parallelism, data locality, and synchronization that arise when programming complex PDE solvers for parallel computers. The Liszt compiler analyzes code written in the Liszt language to extract data dependencies and generate optimized code for different hardware platforms like clusters, shared memory machines, and GPUs.
Similar to Keyword proximity search in xml trees andrada astefanoaie - presentation (20)
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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2. Outline
I. Introduction
II. Framework
III. Algorithms:Indexed XML Data
Keyword Proximity Search
IV. Processing Unindexed XML DATA
in XML Trees
V. Experimental Evaluation
VI. Overview
3. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data – Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Keyword Search Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Keyword search
user-friendly information discovery technique
extensively studied for text documents.
Keyword proximity search
well-suited to XML documents
4. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Notation Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
XML DOCUMENT directed tree with labeles
- labled with λ(v), a tag
- 4-tuple: id(v)
start and end correspond to the first and the final times the node is
v visited in a depth-first traversal of the XML tree,
depth is the depth of the node from the root of the tree.
- if v is a leaf, it has a string value val(v) that contains a list of keywords
set of keywords k1,. . . , km.
keyword query
returns a compact representation of the set of trees that connect
the nodes that contain the keywords
5. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Notation Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
r
c1
s1 s2 s3
p2 p5 p6
p1 p3 p4
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10
6. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Notation Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Definition
minimum connecting tree (MCT) of nodes v1,. . . ,vm of a tree → the minimum size subtree that
connects v1, . . . ,vm.
root of the tree → the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of the nodes v1, . . . ,vm.
Examples:
r r
MCTs for the query MCTs for the query
“Tom, Harry” c1 “Tom, Dick, Harry” c1
s1 s2 s3 s1 s2 s3
p1 p2 p4 p5 p6 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6
p3
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a1 a2 a3 a7 a8
a4 a5 a6 a9 a10
7. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Notation Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
DMCT
v1, . . . , vm Є T.
Distance MCT (DMCT) TD=d(TM) of the MCT TM of nodes v1, . . . , vm → the minimum node-labeled
and edge-labeled tree such that:
TD contains v1, . . . , vm
TD contains the LCAs u1, . . . , uk
of any pair of nodes (vi, vj)
where vi , vj Є [v1, . . . , vm], i≠ j
edge labeled with l between
any two distinct nodes n, n’ Є
{v1,...,vm, u1, . . . ,uk} if there is a
path of length l from n’ to n in
TM and the path does not
contain any node n’’ Є { u1, . . . ,
um} other than n and n’.
8. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Notation Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
GDMCT
A Grouped DMCT of a tree T is a labeled tree where edges are labeled with numbers and nodes
are labeled with lists of node ids from T.
DMCT D Є GDMCT G if D and G are isomorphic. Assuming that f is the mapping of the nodes of D
to the nodes of G, which induces a corresponding mapping, also called f, of the edges of D to
the edges of G, the following must hold:
nD is a node of D, nG is a node of
G and f(nD)=nG, then the label
of nG contains the id of nD.
eD is an edge of D, eG is an edge
of G and f(eD) = eG, then the
label of eD and the label of eG
are the same number.
9. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Problems Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Problem 1 : All GDMCTs Problem
Query K Result
“Tom, Harry” 5
3
10. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Problems Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Problem 2 : Lowest GDMCTs Problem
Query K Result
“Tom, Harry” 5
3
11. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Nested Loop Algorithm
The nested loops algorithm (NL) for the case of indexed XML Examples of some entries in the
data operates over separate lists of nodes, L(k), one for each master index for our tree:
query keyword, k, to identify the GDMCTs whose sizes are no
more than the user-provided threshold, K.
Master index inverted index a hash table
list L(k)
each node n has path-id
(the list of node ids along the path from the root of T to n)
12. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Nested Loop Algorithm
checks all combinations of
nodes from the keyword lists.
for each combination computes
an MCT (minimum connecting
tree)
merges the resulting MCT into
the list of result GDMCTs, if its
size is within the user-specified
threshold.
13. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Nested Loop Algorithm
For example:
Query: “Tom, Harry” and K=3,
NL examine the 12 node-pairs 12 MCTs
determine 2 of them meet the
threshold(K) return 2 GDMCTs:
14. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Nested Loop Algorithm
Inefficienty:
NL checks all the combinations of nodes
from the keyword lists
The grouping of the results into GDMCTs is
not lightly integrated with the algorithm
and a lookup to the array R is required for
each relevant MCT found.
15. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Index Structure and Algorithm.
The stack-based algorithm for computing GDMCTs on indexed XML data operates over lists of
nodes, two for each query keyword.
Indexing by keyword master index contains 2 lists
o L(k) of the nodes of T that contain k in T and
o Ld(k) of the ancestors of nodes in L(k).
16. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Index Structure and Algorithm.
For example the entries for Tom, Dick and Harry are:
17. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Index Structure and Algorithm.
This is the high-level description of the SA.
It describes how the selected
list of nodes is traversed in a
depth-first manner and the
nodes are pushed and popped
from the stack.
18. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Index Structure and Algorithm.
novel part of the SA algorithm
processing and bookkeeping
performed at each stack
operation
19. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Index Structure and Algorithm.
Functions that are called from
POP(S)
20. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Illustrative Example
Query: “Tom, Harry”
K=3
Master index lists:
The intersection of the lists:
21. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Illustrative Example
Master index lists: Intersection of the La
Query: “Tom, Harry”
K=3
Some of the initial stack states of the execution of the Stack Algorithm:
1. 2. 3.
22. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Illustrative Example
Master index lists: Intersection of the La
Query: “Tom, Harry”
K=3
Some of the initial stack states of the execution of the Stack Algorithm:
4. 5. 6.
23. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
All GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack-Based Algorithm
Illustrative Example
Master index lists: Intersection of the La
Query: “Tom, Harry”
K=3
Some of the initial stack states of the execution of the Stack Algorithm:
7. 8. 9. Entries from the lists
continue being examined,
new GDMCTs are created and
pruned until all the answers
are output.
...
24. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Lowest GDMCTs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack- Based Algorithm
The key observation is that once we output the GDMCTs of a node u, none of the ancestors of u
in the stack can be LCAs of returned GDMCTs; hence, we can remove all of them from the stack!
Specifically, we can add the following lines after line 5:
25. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
LCAs: Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Stack- Based Algorithms
The Stack Algorithm can also be easily modified to solve the All LCAs Problem and the Lowest
LCAs Problem, where the user is not interested in the GDMCTs, but only in the LCA nodes.
o First, Merge(.) could be simplified, no merging of GDMCTs would need to be done, and
line 33 could be replaced by:
o Second, we can output an LCA early when the first GDMCT (with all keywords) is
computed for that node (in Procedure CreateNewGDMCTs(.)), instead of waiting until the
node is popped from the stack.
26. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Complexity Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Analysis
Total number of GDMCTs
Worst case: the number of DMCTs and of GDMCTs = exponential on the number of keywords.
Under reasonable assumptions, the worst-case number of GDMCTs is smaller than that of
DMCTs
Complexity of Finding Isomorphic GDMCTs
Given this canonical representation prezented in this chapter, one can linearize the GDMCTs in
an XML-like nested representation with start and end tags, obtained from the node
annotations.
Theorem 1. The time complexity of SA is
O( L K (i 1 L(ki ) ) 2 )
m
27. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Processing Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Unindexed XML Data
Both the NL Algorithm and the SA have adaptations to work without index lists by doing a single
pass over the data tree.
The streaming version of the Stack Algorithm following changes to the Stack
Algorithm SA(k1,..km, K):
28. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Experimental Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
Evaluation
Parameters affecting the performance of the presented algorithms:
1) the value of K denoting the threshold,
2) the number m of keywords,
3) the size of the data set.
Tests show that usually the algorithms based on the Stack Algorithm have better results than the
Nested Loops Algorithms both in the Indexed and Unindexed data.
29. Introduction - Framework - Algorithms:Indexed XML Data - Processing Unindexed XML Data - Experimental Evaluation - Overview
Overview Keyword Proximity Search
in XML Trees
There were presented two main problems:
1) identifying and presenting in a compact manner all MCTs which explain how the keywords are
connected
2) identifying only MCTs whose root is not an ancestor of the root of another MCT.
There are presented solutions:
1) when the XML data has been preprocessed and relevant indices have been constructed
- Nested Loop Algorithm
- Stack Algorithm
2) when the XML data has not been preprocessed, i.e., the XML data can only beprocessed
sequentially.
Benefits of the algorithms are shown by the Experimental Evaluation
30. Resource
Name
Keyword Proximity Search in XML Trees
Vangelis Hristidis, Nick Koudas,
Yannis Papakonstantinou and Diverish Srivastava
Authors
IEEE Transactions on Knoledge and Data Engineering
Publication
Vol 18, No 4, APRIL 2006