Kenya value chain
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Presentation at the Aflacontrol Conference on Aflatoxins, Food Safety and Food Security, IFPRI & ACDI/VOCA Kenya Nairobi, Kenya, January 13th 2011
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Food 2040 project overview
This document outlines a discussion on the future of food in 2040. It presents a hypothesis that global wealth creation will drive demand for functional foods that align with consumer health and wellness strategies. The objective is to define opportunities arising from convergence of multiple interacting factors in the food system. Outcomes will include stakeholders activating action plans incorporating this new vision of how they can benefit from advances in food. The discussion will cover topics like emerging technologies, consumer trends in Asia, the competitive landscape, infrastructure changes, and environmental impacts of global growth.
Prevalence of aflatoxin along the maize value chain in kenya
0 Kisii Central (KC)
UE LE HB KC
(N=41) (N=167) (N=153) (N=78)
Upper Eastern (UE)
0 - 648 127.4
Lower Eastern (LE) 0 - 2160 272.6
FS
Hbay/Rongo (HB) 0 - 1296 223.2
Kisii Central (KC) 0 - 864 176.8
Maize samples from markets with aflatoxin levels
above and below 10ppb (2010)
80
70
% Samples <10 (μg
Economic importance of different maize storage structures in kenya
This document summarizes a study on maize storage structures in Kenya. [1] Farmers store the majority of maize in Kenya, followed by traders and the National Cereals and Produce Board. [2] The Rift Valley province stores the most maize compared to other regions. [3] The study evaluated different long-term and short-term storage structures used by farmers in various agro-ecological zones and their economic importance for safeguarding maize.
Findings from the cost effectiveness analysis
The document analyzes the cost effectiveness of different interventions to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnuts in East Africa. It estimates the effectiveness and costs of technologies like drying, tarps, and storage methods. The analysis finds that more effective technologies with similar costs, or cheaper technologies with similar effectiveness, should be prioritized to maximize risk reduction given limited budgets.
Communicating the findings
1) Aflatoxins contamination of maize poses a major health problem in Kenya, with over 82,000 cancer cases annually attributed to dietary exposure.
2) Contamination occurs at multiple points along the maize value chain from farm to table. Coordinated efforts are needed to raise awareness among producers, traders, processors, and consumers.
3) Effective solutions require collaboration between government agencies, development partners, and researchers to develop and promote integrated management practices.
Exploring the scope of cost effective aflatoxin risk reduction strategies
This study aims to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce aflatoxin risk in maize and groundnut value chains in Africa in order to improve market access and health outcomes for the poor. A multi-disciplinary team will collect data on aflatoxin prevalence along value chains in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya and Mali. They will also assess the economic and health impacts of aflatoxin and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various risk reduction options to inform policies that promote adoptability among vulnerable populations.
Estimating consumer willingness to pay for aflatoxin free food
This document summarizes research estimating consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for aflatoxin-free food in Kenya. Researchers used individual auctions with real monetary exchanges to determine consumer WTP. They found that consumers were willing to pay a premium of 20-30 Kenyan shillings for clean untested maize and a 10-15 shilling premium for labeled aflatoxin-free maize. Analysis of bids showed WTP was influenced by characteristics like age, income, and agricultural zone. The research concludes individual auctions are effective for measuring WTP and differentiation and low-cost labeling in the market could increase credibility and consumer acceptance of aflatoxin-free products.
Estimating demand for aflatoxin risk reducing strategies in kenya (2)
This document summarizes a study estimating demand for strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize in Kenya. The study assessed farmers' willingness to pay for various technologies like improved seeds, metal silos, drying with tarpaulins, plastic silos, and biocontrols. Farmers were asked about their willingness to adopt and pay for these technologies at different price levels. The results showed decreasing demand as prices increased, with 44-70% of farmers willing to adopt technologies at estimated market prices. This information can help analyze policy interventions to promote adoption of aflatoxin control measures.
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Food 2040 project overview
This document outlines a discussion on the future of food in 2040. It presents a hypothesis that global wealth creation will drive demand for functional foods that align with consumer health and wellness strategies. The objective is to define opportunities arising from convergence of multiple interacting factors in the food system. Outcomes will include stakeholders activating action plans incorporating this new vision of how they can benefit from advances in food. The discussion will cover topics like emerging technologies, consumer trends in Asia, the competitive landscape, infrastructure changes, and environmental impacts of global growth.
Prevalence of aflatoxin along the maize value chain in kenya
0 Kisii Central (KC)
UE LE HB KC
(N=41) (N=167) (N=153) (N=78)
Upper Eastern (UE)
0 - 648 127.4
Lower Eastern (LE) 0 - 2160 272.6
FS
Hbay/Rongo (HB) 0 - 1296 223.2
Kisii Central (KC) 0 - 864 176.8
Maize samples from markets with aflatoxin levels
above and below 10ppb (2010)
80
70
% Samples <10 (μg
Economic importance of different maize storage structures in kenya
This document summarizes a study on maize storage structures in Kenya. [1] Farmers store the majority of maize in Kenya, followed by traders and the National Cereals and Produce Board. [2] The Rift Valley province stores the most maize compared to other regions. [3] The study evaluated different long-term and short-term storage structures used by farmers in various agro-ecological zones and their economic importance for safeguarding maize.
Findings from the cost effectiveness analysis
The document analyzes the cost effectiveness of different interventions to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnuts in East Africa. It estimates the effectiveness and costs of technologies like drying, tarps, and storage methods. The analysis finds that more effective technologies with similar costs, or cheaper technologies with similar effectiveness, should be prioritized to maximize risk reduction given limited budgets.
Communicating the findings
1) Aflatoxins contamination of maize poses a major health problem in Kenya, with over 82,000 cancer cases annually attributed to dietary exposure.
2) Contamination occurs at multiple points along the maize value chain from farm to table. Coordinated efforts are needed to raise awareness among producers, traders, processors, and consumers.
3) Effective solutions require collaboration between government agencies, development partners, and researchers to develop and promote integrated management practices.
Exploring the scope of cost effective aflatoxin risk reduction strategies
This study aims to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce aflatoxin risk in maize and groundnut value chains in Africa in order to improve market access and health outcomes for the poor. A multi-disciplinary team will collect data on aflatoxin prevalence along value chains in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya and Mali. They will also assess the economic and health impacts of aflatoxin and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various risk reduction options to inform policies that promote adoptability among vulnerable populations.
Estimating consumer willingness to pay for aflatoxin free food
This document summarizes research estimating consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for aflatoxin-free food in Kenya. Researchers used individual auctions with real monetary exchanges to determine consumer WTP. They found that consumers were willing to pay a premium of 20-30 Kenyan shillings for clean untested maize and a 10-15 shilling premium for labeled aflatoxin-free maize. Analysis of bids showed WTP was influenced by characteristics like age, income, and agricultural zone. The research concludes individual auctions are effective for measuring WTP and differentiation and low-cost labeling in the market could increase credibility and consumer acceptance of aflatoxin-free products.
Estimating demand for aflatoxin risk reducing strategies in kenya (2)
This document summarizes a study estimating demand for strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize in Kenya. The study assessed farmers' willingness to pay for various technologies like improved seeds, metal silos, drying with tarpaulins, plastic silos, and biocontrols. Farmers were asked about their willingness to adopt and pay for these technologies at different price levels. The results showed decreasing demand as prices increased, with 44-70% of farmers willing to adopt technologies at estimated market prices. This information can help analyze policy interventions to promote adoption of aflatoxin control measures.
Findings from the KAP analysis
Thank you for the feedback. Addressing those additional questions could help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
SPS barriers as a bridge to cross
This document discusses the concept of a "bridge to cross" (BTC) as it relates to aflatoxin standards and international trade. The BTC represents the regulatory gap between the importing and exporting country's standards. The larger the BTC, the more difficult it is for an exporting country to meet the importing country's standard. Studies have found that a 10% increase in the BTC reduces maize trade by up to 2.5% for African countries with small landholdings. Reducing domestic contamination levels and improving domestic standards are proposed as ways to effectively lower the BTC and facilitate increased international trade.
Impacts of aflatoxin contamination on livelihoods of the poor households
The document examines the impacts of aflatoxin contamination on livelihoods of poor households in Kenya through surveys of over 1,300 households across different agro-ecological zones. It finds that while maize production makes up a relatively small share of overall household income on average, price changes related to aflatoxin contamination can significantly impact households that rely more heavily on maize income. The study aims to further estimate health and productivity losses from aflatoxin and analyze differences in income effects between high and low risk areas of contamination.
Measuring the burden of aflatoxin induced human disease
This document summarizes research on the global burden of disease from aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or liver cancer). It estimates that aflatoxin exposure causes 25,200-155,000 liver cancer cases annually worldwide, translating to 328,000-2,000,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The largest burdens are in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. In Kenya specifically, the model estimates 82-4,080 aflatoxin-induced liver cancer cases annually, resulting in 1,066-53,040 DALYs.
Predicting aflatoxin levels a spatial autoregressive approach
The document describes using a Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model to predict aflatoxin levels in households in Mali by taking into account household characteristics and the aflatoxin levels of neighboring households; the model explains 36% of the variation in pre-harvest aflatoxin levels and 38% of the variation in post-harvest levels after 1 month of storage; applying this same methodology in Kenya could provide useful predictions of aflatoxin levels but may have different results due to differences in crops and production/storage practices between the two countries.
Aflatoxin and communication - lessons learnt from the Aflacontrol project
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Aflacontrol conference in Bamako, Mali from May 10-12, 2011. It discusses the history of aflatoxin outbreaks in Kenya since 1960, current interventions and challenges. It proposes increasing awareness through various campaigns targeting farmers, traders and consumers. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach between government, research institutions and development partners to address the problem.
Groundnut value chain analysis in mali
The document analyzes the groundnut value chain in Mali. It aims to identify critical points for monitoring aflatoxin levels and policy/institutional hindrances. The methodology includes focus groups with stakeholders in the enabling environment, value chain actors, and service providers. The analysis maps the value chain from producers to exporters and identifies the roles of various actors, quality standards, and issues with quality control and aflatoxin knowledge. In conclusions, it finds that informal aflatoxin standards do not exist, storage quality is poor, and knowledge of aflatoxin is limited.
Biocontrol of Aflatoxin in Kenya, R. Bandyopadhyay et al.
Presentation at the Aflacontrol Conference on Aflatoxins, Food Safety and Food Security, IFPRI & ACDI/VOCA Kenya Nairobi, Kenya, January 13th 2011
Preliminary results showing prevalance of aflatoxin in maize in Kenya by Geor...
Presentation from the Aflacontrol Conference on Aflatoxins, Food Safety and Food Security, Nairobi, Kenya January 2011
Exploring the Scope of Cost Effective Aflatoxin Risk Reduction Strategies
Outline of the Aflacontrol Project: Exploring the Scope of Cost Effective Aflatoxin Risk Reduction Strategies in in Maize and Groundnut Value chains to improve market access and health of the poor in Africa
Alternative use of aflatoxin contaminated grain
The document discusses alternative uses for grain contaminated with aflatoxins, which are toxic substances produced by fungi that can grow in grains like corn under certain conditions. It notes that aflatoxin contaminated grain can be used in industries like wet milling, ethanol production, and as animal feed when under regulated limits. For animal feeds, levels are considered acceptable under 20 parts per billion but anything over 10ppb is rejected, though during shortages levels up to 80ppb may be allowed if a clay-based binder is added. Managing aflatoxin contamination poses challenges including the expense of testing, accuracy of tests, and legal limits not aligning with testing capabilities or allowing for different end uses or use of binders
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Thank you for the feedback. Addressing those additional questions could help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
SPS barriers as a bridge to cross
This document discusses the concept of a "bridge to cross" (BTC) as it relates to aflatoxin standards and international trade. The BTC represents the regulatory gap between the importing and exporting country's standards. The larger the BTC, the more difficult it is for an exporting country to meet the importing country's standard. Studies have found that a 10% increase in the BTC reduces maize trade by up to 2.5% for African countries with small landholdings. Reducing domestic contamination levels and improving domestic standards are proposed as ways to effectively lower the BTC and facilitate increased international trade.
Impacts of aflatoxin contamination on livelihoods of the poor households
The document examines the impacts of aflatoxin contamination on livelihoods of poor households in Kenya through surveys of over 1,300 households across different agro-ecological zones. It finds that while maize production makes up a relatively small share of overall household income on average, price changes related to aflatoxin contamination can significantly impact households that rely more heavily on maize income. The study aims to further estimate health and productivity losses from aflatoxin and analyze differences in income effects between high and low risk areas of contamination.
Measuring the burden of aflatoxin induced human disease
This document summarizes research on the global burden of disease from aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or liver cancer). It estimates that aflatoxin exposure causes 25,200-155,000 liver cancer cases annually worldwide, translating to 328,000-2,000,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The largest burdens are in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. In Kenya specifically, the model estimates 82-4,080 aflatoxin-induced liver cancer cases annually, resulting in 1,066-53,040 DALYs.
Predicting aflatoxin levels a spatial autoregressive approach
The document describes using a Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model to predict aflatoxin levels in households in Mali by taking into account household characteristics and the aflatoxin levels of neighboring households; the model explains 36% of the variation in pre-harvest aflatoxin levels and 38% of the variation in post-harvest levels after 1 month of storage; applying this same methodology in Kenya could provide useful predictions of aflatoxin levels but may have different results due to differences in crops and production/storage practices between the two countries.
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This document summarizes a presentation given at the Aflacontrol conference in Bamako, Mali from May 10-12, 2011. It discusses the history of aflatoxin outbreaks in Kenya since 1960, current interventions and challenges. It proposes increasing awareness through various campaigns targeting farmers, traders and consumers. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach between government, research institutions and development partners to address the problem.
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Biocontrol of Aflatoxin in Kenya, R. Bandyopadhyay et al.
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the Island
Nestled in the azure embrace of the Mediterranean, Sicily boasts a coastline dotted with breathtaking beaches. From secluded coves to lively shores, each offers a unique slice of paradise. Among the island's gems, Mondello Beach entices with its golden sands and crystal-clear waters, while San Vito Lo Capo enchants visitors with its powdery shores framed by rugged cliffs. For a taste of history and natural beauty, Scala dei Turchi beckons with its striking white cliffs, while Isola Bella captivates with its picturesque islet setting. Sicily's coastal charms await exploration, promising unforgettable seaside adventures. For more information, visit the website https://timeforsicily.com/the-top-5-beaches-in-sicily-for-this-summer/
ghmc zones and circle and why they are needed
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) plays a pivotal role in the administration and development of Hyderabad
What Budget-Friendly Attractions Does San Antonio Offer For Families
A list of budget-friendly things that families can do in San Antonio! Dive into its rich history and vibrant culture at iconic landmarks like the Alamo. Explore colorful Market Square and stroll along the scenic River Walk. Enjoy family-friendly fun at Brackenridge Park and capture breathtaking views at the Tower of the Americas—all without breaking the bank!
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二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
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留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
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查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。乌龟和王八贼头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡水
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Kenya value chain
- 1. Qualitative study of the maize value chains in Kenya in relation to Aflatoxin John Hellin (CIMMYT), C. Narrod (IFPRI), M. Tiongco (IFPRI), E. Birol (IFPRI), Pippa Chenevix Trench (IFPRI)
- 2. Why a value chain approach?
- 3. Why a value chain approach?
- 4. Why a value chain approach?
- 5. Why a value chain approach?
- 6. Methods
- 8. Farmer practices - post harvest
- 11. Storage
- 13. Trade
- 15. Knowledge attitudes and perceptions
- 16. Findings from Maize Net-Map
- 17. Thank you