Seismic Design Underground Structure. HAKI paper.

1. Metode Analisa Pengaruh Gempa pada
Struktur Stasiun Bawah Tanah di Indonesia
Seminar & Pameran HAKI
Kawidjaja, L., Setiadi, R.R., Yomantara, J., Noviarti, R.D.
23 August 2022

2. Contact
Direktur, PT Rekacipta Kinematika & Associate Principal, Arup
Leonardi Kawidjaja
Leonardi Kawidjaja is a structural engineer with interests in high-rise buildings, elevated and underground
structures, deep basements and structural dynamics. He has special interests in design automation, non-linear
dynamic time history analysis and performance-based seismic design.
He is a Licenced Building Structure Engineer in Indonesia, and leading Arup Property and Science, Industry &
Technology portfolio in Indonesia. Recent project works include structure design of underground and elevated
MRT stations, tall buildings > 200 m, and deep basements up to 7 levels in Jakarta. He is currently involved as
Technical Expert in seismic engineering design of three underground stations in Jakarta.
He was with Arup seismic design group in Jakarta, London and San Francisco in 1996-2003. He then co-founded
PT Rekacipta Kinematika in Indonesia, which has been reintegrated with Arup since 2018. He was also former
lecturer in Earthquake Engineering and Building Construction Design at Tarumanagara University, Jakarta.
Qualifications
B.Eng, Civil Engineering, Tarumanagara
University, Jakarta, 1996
Certified Building Structure Engineer (ATBG
Utama), HAKI
Professional Associations
Indonesian Society of Structure Engineers
(HAKI)
Indonesian Society of Geotechnical Engineers
(HATTI)
Indonesian Society of Earthquake Engineers
(AARGI)
American Concrete Institute (ACI)

3. Contents
1. Introduction: MRT Stations in Jakarta
2. Design Codes & Standards: RTRI-J & NCHRP 611
3. Seismic Deformation of Tunnel
4. Seismic Racking Deformation
5. Free-field Soil Column
6. Response Displacement Method (RTRI-J)
7. Simplified Frame Method (Wang, 1993)
8. Pseudostatic Analysis (Free, et al & Hashash)
9. Examples
10. Example: Simple Tunnel: 1) Simple method, 2) RTRI, 3) Pseudostatic, 4) Comparison
11. Example: Complex Tunnel: 1) RTRI, 2) Pseudostatic, 3) Comparison
12. Summary & Recommendation

4. Introduction
Underground Stations in Jakarta
• North South Line: 13
underground stations
• 6 completed, 7 under
construction
Ref: PT MRTJ

5. Introduction
Underground Stations in Jakarta
• East West Line: 10
underground stations
• Interchange with
North-South Line at
Sarinah station
Ref: PT MRTJ

6. Design Codes & Standards
Japan Standard & US Guidelines
• DSRSC-SD - Japan • NCHRP 611 - US

7. Seismic Deformation of Tunnel
Pola Deformasi Terowongan Akibat Pengaruh Gempa (Owen dan Scholl, 1981)

8. Seismic Racking Deformation
Racking Pada Terowongan Akibat Deformasi Tanah (Owen dan Scholl, 1981 and Wang, 1993)
Racking Deformation
of a Circular Tunnel

9. Free-field Soil Deformation
Soil Displacement Profile
Ref: Sengara, et al (2021)

10. Response Displacement Method
Prosedur Metode Deformasi Seismik (DSRSC-SD / RTRI-J)

11. Simplified Frame Method
Prosedur Analisa Rangka Sederhana (Wang, 1993 & NCHRP 611)
Step 1 – Find the Flexibility ratio Step 2 – Plot F value to get deformation ratio (R)
Final Step – Get equivalent P or q force
Prosedur analisa rangka sederhana ini diadopsi oleh NCHRP
Report 611 Seismic Analysis and Design of Retaining Walls,
Buried Structures, Slopes and Embankments.

12. Pseudostatic Analysis Method
Analisa Pseudostatik MEH: Free, et al (2001), Hashash, et al (2010), Pappin & Kho (2010)
Model analisa Pseudostatik dua tahap
(modifikasi dari Pappin and Kho, 2010)

13. Pseudostatic Analysis Method
Verifikasi Hasil Analisa Pseudostatik terhadap Analisa Dinamik - Hashash, et al, 2010

14. Examples
Contoh Kasus Deformasi Tanah Free-Field

15. Example: Simple Tunnel

16. Response Displacement Method (RTRI-J)
2D Analysis Model
Model with springs and Displacement Loading
Deformed Shape

17. Simplified Frama Analysis (Wang)
2D Analysis Model
Model with springs and Displacement Loading Deformed Shape

18. Pseudostatic Analysis
Plaxis2D Staged Analysis Model
Stage 1 - Free field calibration Stage 2 – Activate Station Structure Stage 3 – Apply deformation & acceleration
Pseudo Acc Pseudo Acc
Boundary deformation
from SSRA

19. Example: Simple Tunnel
Perbandingan respon struktur dari ketiga prosedur analisa racking seismic pada struktur bawah tanah geometri sederhana

20. Example: Complex Tunnel

21. Response Displacement Method (RTRI-J)
2D Analysis Model
Model with springs and Displacement Loading Deformed Shape

22. Pseudostatic Analysis
Plaxis2D Staged Analysis Model
Stage 1 - Free field calibration Stage 2 – Activate Station Structure Stage 3 – Apply deformation & acceleration
Pseudo Acc Pseudo Acc
Boundary deformation
from SSRA

23. Example: Complex Tunnel
Perbandingan respon struktur dari kedua prosedur analisa racking seismic pada struktur bawah tanah geometri kompleks

24. Kesimpulan
Perencanaan atas pengaruh gempa pada struktur bawah
tanah dalam arah transversal didominasi oleh deformasi
racking.
Analisa interaksi tanah-struktur dinamik dapat dilakukan
untuk memperoleh deformasi racking, yang mana analisa ini
dapat dilakukan dalam kondisi plane strain secara dua
dimensi.
Analisa pengaruh gempa pada struktur bawah tanah
berdasarkan deformasi racking ini belum diatur secara
konkrit dalam SNI 1726:2019.
Pada saat ini, analisa pengaruh gempa pada struktur stasiun
bawah tanah lintas MRT Jakarta mengacu pada standar dan
peraturan dari luar Indonesia, misalnya DSRSC-SD dari
RTRI-J.
Prosedur analisa deformasi racking yang diberikan RTRI-J
cukup sederhana untuk dipahami, namun kurang praktis
diaplikasikan pada geometri kompleks dengan stratigrafi
tanah kompleks.
Prosedur analisa deformasi racking yang diusulkan Wang
(1993) dan diadopsi oleh NCHRP Report 611 (2008) sesuai
digunakan pada struktur bawah tanah dengan geometri
sederhana dengan stratigrafi tanah seragam.
Prosedur analisa Pseudostatik yang diusulkan Free, et al
(2001), Hashash, et al (2010), dan Pappin, et al (2010)
sesuai digunakan pada struktur bawah tanah dengan
geometri sederhana atau kompleks, dengan stratigrafi tanah
sederhana atau kompleks. Prosedur ini dapat
dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif dari prosedur deformasi
seismic RTRI-J.
Mengingat perkembangan pembangunan lintas Moda Raya
Terpadu (MRT) di Jakarta yang semakin pesat, diperlukan
standar dan peraturan Indonesia yang mengatur prosedur
perencanaan ketahanan gempa struktur bawah tanah,
terutama terowongan sirkular dan gali-tutup, yang konsisten
dengan standar dan peraturan yang sudah berlaku di
Indonesia, seperti SNI 1726:2019, SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI
8460:2017 atau penggantinya.