The document discusses nutrients and deficiency diseases. It defines nutrients as the constituents of food that are essential for the body. The main types of nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. It then provides examples of the water content of various foods. The document defines deficiency diseases as those caused by a lack of nutrients in the diet. It gives several examples of specific deficiency diseases caused by a lack of proteins, vitamins A, B, C, D, E, K, minerals like iodine, calcium, and iron. For each it lists the nutrient, food sources, deficiency disease, and symptoms.

1. Nutrients & deficiency disease
K. Mamta
Biological science

2. Nutrients
• The constituents of the food which are essential for
the body are called nutrients.
Types of nutrients
 Carbohydrates - Provide energy
 Proteins - Help in growth
 Fats - Provide energy
 Vitamins - Help in physiological activities
 Minerals - Act as regulators in physiological activities
 Water - Transports food, regulates body temperature.

3. carbohydrates

4. Protein

5. fats

6. Vitamins & Minerals

7. Water

8. Water content in vegetables, fruits and
food items
Name of the food
• Water melon
• Cucumber
• Mushroom
• Milk
• Potato
• Egg
• A bread slice
Water content
99%
95%
92%
87%
75%
73%
25%

9. Deficiency Diseases:
Diseases caused due to
the deficiency of
nutrients in food that
we eat are called
deficiency disease
Deficiency diseases and their
symptoms
• Nutrient : Protein
• Food source: Fish, meat,
egg(albumin), milk, peas,
cereals
• Deficiency disease :
Kwashiorkar (children from 1-
5 age)
• Symptoms: retarded growth,
potbelly, swollen limbs

10. • Nutrient : Protein
• Food source: Fish, meat,
egg(albumin), milk,
peas, cereals
• Deficiency disease :
Marasmus
• Symptoms: Thin limbs,
weak appearance,
enlarged head, loss of
weight, retarded
physical and mental
growth.

11. • Nutrients: Vitamin A
• Food source: Fish liver
oil, egg, milk, ghee,
butter, carrot, corn,
yellow fruits, greens.
• Deficiency disease:
Night blindness
• Symptoms: Defective
vision, blindness in dim
light

12. • Nutrients: Vitamin B
• Food source: Whole
grains, pulses,
unpolished rice, milk,
fish, meat, peas, gram,
raw vegetables
• Deficiency disease: Beri-
beri
• Symptoms: Unhealthy
nerve, muscle fatigue

13. • Nutrients: Vitamin C
• Food source: Orange,
lemon, gooseberry,
green chillies, tomato.
• Deficiency disease:
Scurvy
• Symptoms: Bleeding
gums

14. • Nutrition: Vitamin D
• Food source: Fish-liver
oil, milk, egg. It is also
synthesised by the skin
with the help of
sunlight.
• Deficiency disease:
Rickets
• Symptoms: Weak and
bow bones

15. • Nutrition: Vitamin E
• Food source: Vegetable oils, green
vegetables, whole wheat, Mango,
Apple, Greens
• Deficiency disease: Infertility
• Symptoms: Sterility and reduction
of immunity

16. • Nutrition: Vitamin K
• Food source: Green vegetables,
Tomato, Cabbage, Egg, Milk and
milk products.
• Deficiency disease: Hemorrhage
(blood does not clot)
• Symptoms: Loss of excessive blood
even for a small wound

17. Minerals
• Nutrients: Iodine
• Food source: Milk,
Iodized Salt, Prawn,
Crab
• Deficiency disease:
Goitre
• Symptoms:
Inflammation in neck

18. • Nutrients: Calcium
• Food source : Milk, Fish,
Wheat, Green Gram
• Deficiency disease:
Disintegration of bones
and teeth
• Symptoms : Weak
bones and teeth.

19. • Nutrients: Iron
• Food source: Meat,
Apple, Greens, Dates
• Deficiency disease:
Anaemia
• Symptoms: Body
fatigue, Giddiness.