Juz Kitson

Juz Kitson
Juz Kitson is an Australian installation and sculpture ceramicist who primarily works with porcelain. Kitson, however, also employs many other types
of clay and materials which she individually forms into larger installation pieces. With the uses of both traditional and contemporary modes of
moulding, glazing and coating, Kitson conveys the complexity of notions of being such as life and death, beauty and the grotesque, the permanent and
impermanent.
Kitson was born in Sydney in 1987 and attended the National Art School, Sydney. From there she was offered a artist residency in China which further
developed her curiosity in the art of ceramic making and is now where she practices her art making; half her time is spent in Jingdezhen learning ...
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Kitson usually begins by creating slip cast moulds to create multiples of shapes, using various porcelains and clays. However Kitson favours
Southern Ice porcelain due to its aesthetic properties such as its white colour and translucency which often she leaves in its natural raw state.
Kitson then proceeds to paint, glaze and fire her ceramic pieces in communal kilns in Jingdezhen, China. This is important for her creative process
as it helps to connect her pieces to their historical origin and also allows her to fire as much as possible due to the enormity of the kilns. Kitson then
uses the coating method of physical vapour disposition. This method was created by NASA in 2010. Kitson prefers this new and highly
technologically advanced practice because it prevents the erosion of the clays and porcelain, and can use both organic and inorganic coatings and is
more environmentally friendly than most coating techniques. Once this is complete, the ceramic pieces are brought back to Australia to be assembled
into her installations. She also attaches material like horse hair and silk at this stage. Kitson also hunts around the Hill End and Broken Hill areas
collecting animal remains including skulls and bones. Once collected she then dips them in porcelain and allows for the porcelain to dry. These are
then also added to her installation
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Taking a Look at Shino Glazes
Shino Glazes
Shinos are traditional Japanese glazes that have high feldspar and clay content, and can produce a range of color and texture depending highly on
application and firing. The main colorant in shino glazes are the iron oxide impurities contained in various clays.
Historical Information
Shino originated in the Mino region of Japan during the Momoyama period (1573–1615 A.D.) and was discovered in an attempt to recreate a white
feldspathic glaze brought from China that belonged to the shogun Shino Soshin (1444–1523 A.D). The ceramic aesthetic of the time was largely
created by tea masters for Buddhist tea ceremonies. The first shino attempts were most likely the result of removing iron and iron rich clays from
temmoku, and the resulting glaze named for the Shogun; a celebrated tea master. Contemporary glaze developments of the period also included seto
and oribe. The Momoyama period marked the end of internal wars and final unification of Japan. Japan and Europe came into contact for the first
time, while trade flourished and encouraged social mobility. Mino and neighboring seto are of particular interest because they are the only areas that
produced glazed ceramics in the medieval period, and invented an improved kiln design; a variation of the Korean anagama, the ogama. The most
important features were a side entrance and domed main chamber that created a partial downdraft, producing a more even and efficient firing than
previously possible. Traditional

The Effect Of Processing Technique And Core Thickness On...
Effect of processing technique and core thickness on fracture resistance of Lithium disilicate copings having two different thicknesses
Keywords: IPS e.max;Press; CAD / CAM; core thickness; fracture strength.
Introduction
High–strength All ceramic restorations, with different composition, structure, and processing methods, have been introduced as an alternative to metal
ceramic restorations in many applications (1). Due to their translucency and strength, IPS e.max ceramics have become increasingly popular as dental
restorative materials (2) .They can be used as a substructure (core) to support the more fragile veneering ceramics in dental crowns (3–5). However
few data in literature were about different coping thicknesses of IPS e.max to determine the optimum thickness which allows more conservative
preparation and gives space for the veneering material.
Increasing the fracture strength of all ceramic restorations increase their durability during function and decrease complications such as secondary caries
and periodontal diseases. There has been growing interest in ceramic restorations due to their optimal esthetics and biocompatibility (6). However, their
use is associated with some shortcomings. Chipping of the veneering porcelain is the most frequently encountered complication of all–ceramic
restorations (7). The second most common clinical failure may be gross fracture of restoration (8). Several

Prospects Restaurant Is All About Teaching And Engaging...
Prospects
Prospects restaurant is all about teaching and engaging teens and young kids. On the back of the clipboard is a white board which gives users the
opportunity to connect with others at the table and get a little creative. Unlike the menu system the colors of the cookbook are dulled down, so it's
easier on the eyes of adults. For this project I wanted to use bright colors to get younger people intrigued. This restaurant is all about teaching and
engaging teens and young kids. On the back of the clipboard is a white board which gives users the opportunity to connect with others at the table and
get a little creative while waiting for their meal.
Inside Outside In
Mental disorders are some of the least talked about illnesses in the world. For this project I wanted to create a museum exhibit that not only
educated about the history of mental disorders, but also show what it feels like to live with a disorder and how they can help. I used light blues and
pale red oranges to keep a calm feeling through out the exhibit. I chose to used curved intersecting lines to show how it can feel for some people who
have mental disorders. The illustrations in the in the art exhibit and the mailer are by Ellen Forney, author of Marbles: Mania, Depression,
Michelangelo, and Me .
Ceramic Arts Daily Book Covers
Ceramic Arts Daily is a website that focuses on teaching artist new techniques to use while working with clay. They have a variety of written tutorials
as well as videos.

Exploring The Possibilities Of Ceramics Being An...
Considered one of the first artists to explore the possibilities of ceramics being an independent visual medium, Toshiko Takaezu "revitalized her field
with abstract shapes, painterly glazes, and lyrical installations" (Ruud 20). Takaezu was a Japanese–American ceramist who took her knowledge from
her schooling and a visit to Japan to create beautiful forms of art. According to William Grimes' article "Toshiko Takaezu,Ceramic Artist, Dies at 88,"
Takaezu is best known for her "closed pots and torpedo–like cylinders, derived from natural forms" in which "helped to elevate ceramics from the
production of functional vessels to fine art" (Grimes). Takaezu's works of art included using techniques such as closing off the top of her vessels,
allowing for her to have a clay canvas for glazing of all kinds, as well as utilizing an ancient tradition of anagame, or tunnel–kiln firing, that produced
"accidents" such as ash deposits and scars from surrounding pots, and as a final point was strongly influenced by her study of Zen Buddhism and using
her ceramic work as an outgrowth of nature.
One of eleven children, Toshiko Takaezu was born on June 17, 1922 in Pepeekeo, Hawaii; her parents being Japanese immigrants from Okinawa (Liu
46). She was introduced to pottery while working at the Hawaii Potter's Guild and enrolled at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1948, where she
studied ceramics under the instruction of Claude Horan, an American ceramist and glass artist (Liu 46). Takaezu

Symbols of the Hopi Pottery Essay
Symbols of the Hopi Pottery
When most people look at a piece of pottery the first thing that comes to mind is the significance of the symbols and the stories behind these symbols.
There are some symbols of Hopi pottery that have stories behind them and some that are symbols of either lost significance or the story is unknown.
Some of the symbols we think of as symbols, are really the potters own design. Most people make the mistake that symbols and designs are the same
thing, but in fact they are very different. Hopi potters, mostly women, have been instrumental in both preserving and developing traditional symbols
and innovating designs in response to changes in and challenges to their culture.
In the beginning, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The potter does not look at the design or shape of piece of pottery until the complete piece is finished. Once the pot is finished, the potter looks at it
and if there is something wrong with it, such as it is lop–sided or the design is corked, he/she takes it as a learning experience , and will know what not
to do the next time ("Museum Notes" 3).
If on the other hand, he/she has not decided on a design he/she may take the pot in his/her hands and close his/her eyes and imagine a design that
would fit the pot which would be attractive on the piece. A very famous potter, Maria Martinez creates all of her pottery by first closing her eyes
with the piece in her hands and then imagining what would look good on this piece and what will fit perfectly. Another artist, Carol Duwyenie, states
"My creations in art revolve around symbolism in the relationship to life and Hopi Philosophy of the earth. Just like the paths of life change, twist,
and turn, so has my work. I have taken different paths to express my creativity...."(Duwyenie 1). Everyone has there own way of deciding what to
place on their art. As mentioned above, some artists know right from the start what the design will be , but some do not and some use both strategies
depending on the piece.
There are several strategies to keep the pot flawless. The most common strategy is to border the area to be designed with several lines to keep it from
becoming slated or lopsided. The area is first

All-Ceramic Restorations in Dental Work
Superior aesthetics and biocompatibility of dental ceramics has driven the increasing use of all–ceramic restorations over the past decade (1). However,
the brittleness and low fracture strength of ceramics can initiate crack propagation causing fracture of the restoration. Clinical studies have
demonstrated that all–ceramic dental restorations have an increased resistance to fracture in service when adhesively cemented to the prepared tooth
structure with resin–based composite cements (2). It is thought that the cement interacts and penetrates ceramic surface defects, preventing crack
propagation. However, strengthening is dependent on sufficient resin cement polymerisation via free radical photo–polymerisation in response to blue
light (450–500nm). Adequate polymerisation (DC) depends on appropriate light transmission (LT) to the resin cement, which is affected by the opacity
and the thickness of the ceramic and the resin cement layer. Consequently, this will influence the mechanical properties of the resin cement together
with the strength and longevity of the restoration (3, 4, 5). The aim of this current study is to analyse LT through ceramics of different shade and
thicknesses; measure and map DC; and correlate the results to the degree of reinforcement achieved.
Specimen preparation
Twenty ceramics discs (4 ceramic shades (A1, A2, A3, A3.5)) were prepared by mixing 0.73g of Base Dentine VM7 powder (Vita, Bad SГ¤ckingen,
Germany) powder with 0.29mL of Modelling Liquid

Play Doh Essay
Clay is a certain type of ground, created by weathered and deposited rocks. When sent to sell, minerals and other problematic things are removed. On
the other hand, sand may be added perfect it. Clay used to create art is called modeling clay. Modeling clay may be used for pottery or just plain
sculpting. To continue, there are actually many types of clay than just "regular." Types of clay include polymer, air dry, oil based, water based, and
ceramic clays. In my experiment I will be using Play–Doh and air–dry clay. Many characteristics contribute to the creation and structure of Play–Doh.
These main ingredients include water and salt. The salt dissolves most of the water in clay, so it doesn't make the clay too spongy. This modeling
dough is composed of water, starch–based binder, salt, lubricant, surfactant, preservative, hardener, humectant, fragrance, food coloring, and wheat.
Water, starch–based binder, and salt create the clay itself. The rest of the ingredients help the mixture, adding specific characteristics. Lubricant,
preservative, and humectant helps make the dough stay fresh. Hardener obviously allows the clay to stay solid without getting slushy again. Fragrance
and food coloring adds to the clay itself, making it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, as clay begins to dry the piece will shrink because of the water evaporating. The particles inside will compact together as it hardens. If the
drying is considered "uneven", for example one part dries faster than the other, the clay might crack. If one clay's particle sizes are smaller than
another's, it will shrink more. This is because all the small particles are now far apart so they have to cover more space in order to make up for all
the missing spots. However, large particles can cover spaces easily since they have less open areas to cover. To conclude, both clays may be similar
yet can take different amounts of time to harden due to their

Blonde Roofing Research Paper
Ceramic and Concrete Shingles for Sloped Roofing History of Ceramic and Concrete Shingles The first machine invented that was power–driven and
created for the specific use of creating tile was established in the country of Denmark back in the 1920's. Clay and concrete tile, though, has been
used way before that. The Chinese seemed to have come up with it first thousands of years ago. Ancient data indicates that it was actually between
4,000 and 5,000 years back that they started using it to top off their homes. They got really creative in those times as well, making lots of different
patterns and styles with the clay tiles. The information the records give isn't that far–fetched from the characteristics of the Chinese traditions, as we
today still marvel at their unique and ageless architecture. The Chinese weren't the only ones to use it, though. Whenever the Romans could find any
clay that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, the big question is, how much will all of it cost? Well, if it is your very first time pondering that question, believe me, you are not on your own!
Most people only have to consider this cost once in a lifetime, seeing as how concrete shingles last 50 years and clay ones last 75. The things to look
at in addition to the initial costs are future repairs and inspections. And, if you have environmentally helpful intentions in mind, you should ask about
the available green roofing preferences. Concrete shingles, though, for the most part, are between $4.75 and $7.00 a sq. ft. and come in many styles
and shades to choose from. There are also many unique color and design options with clay shingles, and they cost just a little bit more than the
concrete ones at a price range that runs from $9.00 to $12.00 a sq. ft. Where They are Used and Buyer

The Empty Bowls Make-A-Thon
Bowl Making In November, I attended the Empty Bowls Make–a–Thon where I, along with others from the college, made a bowl from clay. The
finished bowls will be sold at a benefit dinner where diners will pay for a meal and keep the bowl. All of the proceeds from the dinner will benefit
the Rescue Mission of Mahoning Valley. Empty bowls is an international fundraiser to help fight hunger. Artists make bowls to donate to community
organizations and the bowls are sold to raise money. Not only did I have a new experience while creating my bowl, I was also able to help someone
in need. Shapiro believes a liberal education is beneficial for an individual and for a community. Social and cultural experiences ought to give meaning
to both individual and community lives. By participating in the Empty Bowls Make–a–Thon, I was able to improve both myself and my community.
Liberal education encourages improving and broadening one's experiences, which I was able to do within Westminster College. In a way, the bowl
making also relates to "The Good Samaritan." In the story, a Samaritan happens upon an injured stranger and decides to take the time and help him.
While it may... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People of the Book is full of art when referring to the Haggadah. The intricate drawings, the silver clasps, and the calligraphy are all art that went
into the development of the Haggadah. While the medium of art I worked with and the mediums of art from the Haggadah vary, they both offer
visuals to those who are looking. Also, many of the characters in People of the Book are artists. Without the artist characters from the novel, the
Haggadah would not have been created. Florien Mittl, David Ben Shoushan, and Isabella are all artists that are all partially responsible for the
intricacy of the Haggadah. While I am not an artist of their caliber, I gained a better understanding of the difficulty it is to be an

Bricks During The Neolithic Era
In the Neolithic Period, 8000 BC, tools and metal weaponry like smelting and casting were being brought about. This immensely improved how
impactful weaponry was. After metalworking got introduced, the people could protect themselves in a more efficient way. Bricks were another form of
technological advancement during the Neolithic Period. "In their simplest form (still familiar today in many hot regions), bricks are shaped by pressing
mud or clay into a mould. The damp blocks are then left to bake hard in the sun. Bricks of this kind are known in Jericho from about 8000 BC."
Spinning along with and knitting also was invented during this time and it was one of the first cultural aspects brought about. It was one of the first
jobs classified

Clay Buddies Groups
Acknowledgements
Firstly, I would like to express my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to my advisor Dr. Perry for her guidance, wealth of knowledge, and compassionate
ear. I could not have asked for a better advisor during this project. I wish to acknowledge Professor Amiko Matsuo for her ceramic expertise and her
input regarding the ceramic portion of my survey. I would also like to thank the members of the local, national, and international ceramics communities
who participated in my survey and interviews. The Clay Buddies group on Facebook has been very welcoming and supportive in promoting my
research. In particular, I appreciate the time and effort Nicole "Nico" Dembowich took to promote my survey within the Clay Buddies group. I
would also like to thank the following people who volunteered to be interviewed: Tommy Dragna, Jordan D. King, Marianne McGrath, and Nathalie
Sanchez. A very special "thank you" is reserved for my spouse of one month, Luis Olmos, whose love and support have been crucial to my success.
Introduction:
In technological societies across the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were six interviews conducted in total with one participant wishing to remain anonymous. The interviews were each 30 minutes to over an hour
long. These interviews will delved deeper into the education and possible apprenticeship of ceramicists.
Participant Observation:
The participant observation portion was conducted by enrolling in a ceramics class at California State University Channel Islands (CSUCI) and
interacting with the pottery students and teacher. During this time, notes were kept about the way students worked together to solve problems and the
general discussions and atmosphere in the studio. During the participant observation portion I also recorded my interaction and connection to the clay.
Interview

Case Study: Angel Pottery
Overview: Company
Angel Pottery LLC (herein after referred to as Angel Pottery) is an organization that produces happiness and manufactures ceramics. It is physically
located in western Massachusetts and consists of one potter's wheel, a kiln, 25 lbs. bags of clay, pottery tools and accessories and is owned by its
principle, David DeAngelis. The major channels of communication between the principle and Angel Pottery's customers are two websites:
AngelPottery.com and EastLongmeadowRealty.com. Angelpottery.com serves as a showcase for products and Eastlongmeadowrealty.com functions as
a pricing mechanism defining what the market will bear. Angelpottery.com has been a channel of marketing for more than 11 years with a creation date
of August 8, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Personalization can be engraved into the pottery during the drying phase at the right stage during the production process. "Process layouts, also
known as a functional layouts, group similar activities together in departments or work centers according to the process or function they perform"
(Russell & Taylor, 2014). In the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach a principle number one, according to Russell & Taylor, is that "quality
can and must be managed" (2014). With a primary and vested interest by the owner of Angel Pottery to ensure business success, quality of the product
will be attended to at every stage in the process of the mug

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Calcium Phosphate Tablets
Calcium– Phosphate Ceramics (CPC)
Calcium phosphate ceramics are a type of ceramics with varying calcium–to–phosphate ratio, the important properties of calcium phosphate
biomaterials are their bioresorption and bioactivity. The most widely used calcium phosphate based bioceramics are hydroxyapatite (HAP) and
ОІ–tricalcium phosphate (ОІ–TCP).
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate whose stoichiometric formula corresponds to Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with calcium–to–phosphate
ratio is 1.67, it is the most stable phase of various calcium phosphates. It is stable in body fluid and in dry or moist air up to 1200В°C and does not
decompose and has shown to be bioactive due to its resorbable nature. It is similar to bone mineral and is widely used as a filler, spacer and bone graft
substitute. Synthetic Hydroxyapatite can be prepared in either dense or macroporous forms. Porous HA is osteoconductive (The phenomenon of new
bone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A disadvantage of bioactive glasses is that theygenerally possess low fracture toughness values and hence poor mechanical strength, especially in
porous form. This leads to limited applications in load–bearing situations. An early significant modification of the heat treatment to form crystalline
particles in a bioactive glass matrix led to the development of apatite/wollastonite (A/W), Ceravital and Bioverit glass–ceramics, all of which come
under class A bioactive materials. The A/W glass
–ceramic is produced by partially crystallising the glass matrix that occurs after prolonged heating of
the bioactive glass, to promote nucleation of crystallisation. A/W glass– ceramics show higher bending strength than bioactive glasses due to the
assembly of apatite phases reinforced by Гџ–wolastonite (CaSiO3), which is believed to be the reason for the increased fracture toughness that makes
it a better match to bone for load bearing

No Evidence Of Purple Glazed Pottery
The site was occupied throughout the modern and splenetic periods, based on Stratum 1's TPQ date from a Pepsi can dated to 1969 AD, and the
white glazed pottery characterized in the Modern period and the blue glazed pottery characterized in the Splenetic period strewn about strata 2, 3, 4
and 5. The site does not seem to have been occupied throughout the Late Frenetic period, because there is no evidence of purple glazed pottery
throughout the relevant strata. However, the site was occupied by the earlier Middle and Early Frenetic periods. Stratum 6 has many shards of
orange glazed pottery, which is characterized in the Middle Frenetic period, and yellow glazed pottery, which is characterized in the Early Frenetic
period, as well as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the site was occupied during the Late and Early Pleonastic period, evidenced by the shards of pottery with red spirals on a pale surface
found in the later Stratum 8, and the frequent shards of pottery with black spirals on a pale surface found throughout strata 13, 16, 17, and 18. This site
was occupied throughout the Final Periphrastic period, which lasted from 1600–1500 BC. Stratum 17, although dating to the Early Pleonastic period,
has a few shards of pottery with a yellow burnished surface, which is characteristic of Final Periphrastic pottery. Also, it has an imported scarab from
the Egyptian Pharaoh Ahmose from around 1550–1525 BC, which falls within the Final Periphrastic period. Stratum 18, also dating to the Early
Pleonastic period, has several yellow burnished pottery shards. Stratum 19 date directly to the Final Periphrastic period, as it only has shards of yellow
burnished shards. This site was also inhabited during the Advanced, Developed, and Early Periphrastic periods. In Stratum 21, a C–14 dating of a
growth ring of a wooden oak beam dates to 2130–2030 BC, which is ranged around the Developed and Early Periphrastic periods. Stratum 22 has
shards of red burnished pottery, which is characteristic of the Advanced Periphrastic period.

Mexican Pottery Research Paper
Mexicans brought new ideas, designs, and techniques to the world of pottery dating back to the time of the Aztec Indians. Initially, Mexican pottery
was developed for the needs of their culture and has changed throughout history. The glazing and decorative techniques separate them from other
cultures showing unique styles. Mexican Pottery is mostly known by where it is from, and some of the more popular works come from Puebla,
Oaxacan, and Mata Ortiz. Because pottery does not decay, ancient pieces have been found showing us a glimpse of Mexican art history.
Dating all the way back to the Aztecs, Mexican pottery has been sculpted by hand to serve many purposes. Clay was found around their villages to
make pottery. Natives used molds to make pots and flat sheets were pressed into molds with ashes to help them not ... Show more content on
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This pottery was from old ruins of a Casas Grandes village. When it was found, it motivated people in the area to make more pottery. Juan Quezada
saw same clay shards that people in the same area had seen for centuries. Over many years Juan taught himself how to create pottery with the
proper smooth texture, to fire pots individually at low temperatures, and to grind pigments from native minerals for glaze. Mata Ortiz was once a
village of lumber and railroad workers. But, Jaun brought them a new way of making a living. Mata Ortiz pottery is known to be smooth and what
makes it special is they do not use a wheel or kilns but have created a new type of pottery. He began earning money by selling the pots to small
border shops then he began teaching his family his techniques. The potters of Mata Ortiz use clay from around their village and other tools such as
molds, rolling pins, and sandpaper for smoothing. The color and designs set apart Mata Ortiz pottery apart making it easy to

Taking a Look at Hollow Slip Casting
Introduction Slip casting is a technique used to mass–produce ceramic shapes that are not easily made on a wheel. To perform slip casting, a plaster
mold is filled with a liquid clay casting slip. The water inside the casting slip is drawn to the plaster mold until a layer of solid clay is left deposited
onto the mold walls. Once the right thickness is achieved, the excess casting slip is poured off and a hollow cast remains. Slip casting has been a
large impression on society through its commercial applications. Because of its low cost and ease of mass–production, many everyday items have been
casted using slip such as: figurines, doll faces, dishes, flowerpots, lamp bases, toilets[1]. The recycling ability of slip is another asset, since the loss
ratio is an inevitable part to the slip casting procedure. Slip casting has many advantages. The slip casting process allows for the creation of high
detailed duplicates. Slip casting opens the door to experiment with recipes that lack plasticity such as bone china, talc, or spodumene bodies[1]. The
slip casting process is also a favored technique because it can produce very consistent results, results like equal density during formation. Traditional
slips are mixtures of clays, non–plastic minerals, deflocculates, water, and occasionally flocculants. A deflocculant is an electrolyte enables fluidity
with a minimal amount of water. Less water results in far less shrinkage and greater strength. On the other hand, a

Personal Narrative: My Midwestern Diagramic Career
As a self–taught potter, I have been working with clay for nearly 2 years. I make primarily functional wares fired to cone 10(2345В°f) using
porcelain or stoneware clay. I obtained a degree in political science from Winona State University in 2015. I am highly influenced by my experiences
as a production potter, other midwestern ceramic artists, and my rural/military upbringing. After graduating college, I promptly moved to Minneapolis,
MN and started what was meant to be a temporary position making coasters for Dock 6 Pottery owned by Kerry Brooks. Urged by my potter/co–worker
Johnne Law McMahan, I began to throw pots after work just to get a sense of what a day in the life of my co–workers (production potters) was like. It
turned out I

Indus Valley Seals
The large and under appreciated civilization of the Indus Valley reveals treasures and achievements of ancestors from our past. A seal from the Indus
Valley has left historians and archeologists puzzled about its possible meanings. Archeologists believe the seal could represent a particular business, or
even a prominent individual. The seals found could signify trade and commerce amongst villages, representing their leaders, a sacrificial ritual, or
protection and procreation. In some ancient societies seals were used for printing an image on a document or product. In the Indus Valley the seals
often have images of animals and some kind of title or inscription. Unfortunately the language written on these seals is still undeciphered. The specific
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To illustrate, the Indus civilization flourished a thousand years later than the Middle– East and North Africa. So these huge civilizations were already
dominating the area, leaving the Indus Valley in the shadows. Then Indian or South Asian civilizations moved toward the plains of the Ganges
River, which archeologists believed covered all that remained of the Indus (p.103). The Indus Valley began to decline around 1700 B.C.E and was
not rediscovered until the twentieth century. Therefore decades passed before any recognition of the Indus Valley, causing erosion and wear on the
artifacts and history of the valley. All scholars have really uncovered are the advanced cities and neighborhoods they made. This leaves a lot of room
for potential explanations about the civilization and their lives. Moreover, the script written on the seals found are unrecognizable and archeologists
cannot decode the language. The language written on these seals is unlike any other dialect. In addition, our mindset compared to the people of the
Indus Valley is worlds apart. A plausible reason why people cannot decipher these intricate seals is our mind are overcomplicating their meanings. I
think we perplex, or over simplify, their dialect. We are so in the dark about the interpretations of this ancient civilization and their seals because the
Indus Valley is foreign to us. Limited archeologist

How Ceramic Cutting Tools Have Been Around For Over 100 Years
David Golding
Term Paper
Mech 4320
Dr. Lewis
Advanced Cutting Materials Ceramic cutting tools have been around for over 100 years. The most common materials used prior to this were iron and
steel. These metals are effective in cutting but have limitations that ceramics do not. There are many different types of materials used in the production
of ceramic–based cutting tools. The production of ceramics have seen various advancements since its birth, and continues to be more dependable as
new technologies are applied to lower cost and boost efficiency in development. Advanced cutting ceramics is a $30 million (US) industry per the
Department of Energy and has seen increased growth in the last 10 years. Alumina (гЂ–AlгЂ—_2 O_3) and Silicon Nitride (гЂ–SiгЂ—_3 N_4) are
most commonly found in a ceramic cutting material. Their attributes differ for their own specific purpose, but they all have the same core
characteristics. They all demonstrate elevated hardness, strength, and thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is one of the main advantages in
using ceramics over other materials. Ceramics can withstand temperatures over 4000в„‰ in its operation, while Carbide can only reach 1600в„‰.
Cutting materials at this heat allows for the material being cut to be softened, allowing for a smoother, easier pass. These high temperatures are
unattainable for carbide tools because they exceed its melting point. Ideal–machining temperatures (e.g., 2200В°F for nickel alloys) can be
accommodated by

When Does Freezing Rain Become An Ice Storm?
According to the National Weather Service, "An ice storm is used to describe occasions when damaging accumulations of ice are expected during
freezing rain situations". Freezing rain occurs when the air is warm high up above the surface and colder close to the surface.
"These storms typically develop during the winter in a belt on the north side of a stationary or warm front. In this setting, a combination of three
conditions leads to freezing rain: (1) an ample source of moisture in the warm air mass south of the front, (2) warm air uplifted over a shallow layer of
cold air, and (3) objects on the land surface at or very close to freezing" (Keller, DeVecchio, p.312).
When does freezing rain become an ice storm? Freezing rain is considered an ice storm when the rain is continuing on for a long period of time. Ice
storms are more dangerous and have many more hazards associated with it than any other winter storm. The reason for this is because when freezing
rain hits the earth's surface it creates a thin, maybe even thick layer of ice. This type of ice that is formed is called "glaze" (Blizzards). The
thickness of the ice depends on how much we get and/or how long the storm lasts for. Ice storms can cause power outages, which for any storm, it is
pretty common. What makes this storm different and more dangerous from the rest of them is the amount of damage this causes. The glaze that coats
the surface also coats of the trees, wires and utility poles. Trees or tree

Modern Technologies Associated With Ceramics
Modern Technologies Associated with Ceramics
Introduction
Ceramics, what are they? It might seem like a simple question, plates and bricks and expensive cooking knives. People use ceramics every day in their
lives, but they don't understand the huge amount of technology that goes into a nice plate. Before we can go over the cutting edge of ceramics we have
to understand the technology that goes into every ceramic. The technologies associated with traditional ceramics deserve a paper of their own, but they
seem vanilla compared to advanced ceramics, which have new and interesting properties that can make them useful and unlike any ceramic you see
everyday. We can use the understanding of traditional ceramics as a base on which we build an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plasticity is primarily a property ball clays (Stephenson, 1912, p.13). Stephenson says that because the plasticity of clay is destroyed at 450o, the
temperature needed to drive off the water, that plasticity probably has something to do with the combination with water (1912, p.14). The mechanism
of this plasticity has not yet been satisfactorily explained by any theory, At present three theories contest the field–the colloid,the soluble salt, and the
molecular attraction theories (Stephenson, 1912, p. 14).
Traditional ceramics can be divided into three categories based on the chemicals and properties of the clays. These types are china clay which you
know to be porcelain, ball clay which is malleable , and fire clay which is refractory (Stephenson, 1912, p.12).
China clay is our first type of ceramic. China clay is used to make porcelain (Stephenson, 1912, p. 12). China clay is unique from the other clays
because it has large amounts of kaolinite (Stephenson,1912, p.12) Kaolinite is a white mineral, giving porcelain it's unique look, with a chemical
formula of Al2Si2O5(OH)4 (Stephenson,1912, p.12).
Ball clay is the next type of clay. Ball clay is unique because of its malleability (Stephenson. 1912, p.13). Ball clay is the clay you see potters working
on potter's wheels. It's useful to potters because it can be molded into complex forms and made permanent by firing (Stephenson, 1912, p.13).
Fire clay is the final type of

Geiger's Currents: Color And Content Analysis
Contemporary art is the art of today. Contemporary art reflects on society and issues found around the world. At the University of Florida, the art
teachers and students host Currents. Currents is an annual exhibition which address contemporary themes in ceramic art. This year's Currents is at the
Gary R. Libby Gallery. The exhibition entitled "Currents 2017– Perception: Color and Content", focuses on the idea of how perception of color can
change the way an individual perceives a works content. The exhibition, curated by UF students, features well–known artists like, Jon P. Geiger, Jason
Lee Starin, and G. V. Kelley. Jon P Geiger is a well
–known ceramic artist. His work focuses on the mysticism of the American West. Geiger often
challenges the origins of the West and the spiritual and imaginary components found within. At the "Currents 2017– Perception: Color and Content"
exhibition, his work "Issue 1" is currently being showed. "Issue 1" is an underglaze ceramic piece. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Starin's work seeks individuals to accept aspects of the unknown, the incomprehensible as well as the absurd. Starin is fascinated with mythological, the
alchemical and the occult. He has also shown interest in fantasy and science fiction narratives. His work "Goblin– Face #2" ,2012, is situated in the
middle of the back wall. This piece is a low fire glaze, underglaze stoneware. The goblin face is very decipherable, features, like the eyes, nose and
mouth, looks deeply dug in and pronounced. The colors on the goblins face is thickly splattered or dripped on. The colors present is a chaotic
combination of greens, reds, oranges, blues, yellows, blacks, purples, pinks, and browns. The surface appears to be dry and cracked, but glossy at the
same time. This piece is eye–catching, bright, and slightly uncomfortable. Starin's "Goblin– Face #2", is a piece of fantasy in a room full of

Luohan Earthenware Analysis
The Luohan earthenware piece in the Nelson–Atkins Museum of Art is a beautiful representation of 12th century Chinese art that borrows techniques
and style from the late 7th century Tang Dynasty.
The Nelson–Atkin's Luohan was brought to Kansas City for the opening of the museum in 1933 and was then acquired a year later. The museum's
great seated Luohan is one of several similar sculptures there are discrepancies in exactly how many of these types of sculptures were actually
produced. Goheen states there were seven "now known to have survived from the original number (probably sixteen in all)" (Goheen 169). However on
the other hand Mackenzie states there were nine of these earthenware sculptures. The Nelson–Atkins luohan has only required ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lead based glaze already used in the Han dynasty to imitate bronzes. The sancai style of decoration appears to have been revived "around year 675
during the Tang Dynasty. Sancai glazed Tang pottery wares were produced at a limited number of kilns. The majority of sancai wares were made during
the late 7th and early 8th century's" (Gotheberg.com) then production slowed after the mid–8th century. The style was then continued by the Liao on
pieces in a markedly different range of shapes of their own, such as this Luohan piece being discussed (Gotheberg.com). It then went out of fashion by
the early Song and was revived along with many of other things "Tang" during the Ming, with a slightly extended number of

Radiometric Dating Essay
Issues with dating techniques Most experts cannot agree as to when exactly Sahul was colonized. Most of this debate stems from how accurate the
various dating methods are, when aging archaeological evidence. One method that proves beneficial to items such as pottery is known as
thermoluminescence. This is a type of procedure is used when determining the age of sedimentary crystals (Webb, 1998:749). Another technique for
dating is known as radiometric dating, or 14C. Unfortunately, this technique is considered unreliable when dating objects greater than 40,000 years
(Allen, 2001:952; O' Connell and Allen, 2004:837). There has been a new calibration curve in order to compensate for radiometric uncertainty by
CalPal and NotCal04. In this... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even bark canoes may have been used in these early travels. Replication of such vessels helps to support these theories, regardless of which route
was travelled (Bednarik, 2014:213). Modest maritime voyages allowed humans to explore and conquer new regions. The crossings from Sunda to
Sahul prove that sea levels were not a hindrance for modern humans (Allen, 2001:953; Allen and O'Connell, 2008:38; Balme, 2013:72; Balter,
2007:388–9; Bellwood, 1997:21; Bednarik, 1997:361–361; Bowdler, 1996:39; Bulbeck, 2007:318). Even though they may not have been able to
crisscross this region, as seen with the lack of Denisovan genetic material on the west side of the Wallace line, they still were able to reach Sahul
(Allen and O'Connell, 2008:38; Bednarik, 1997:361; Cooper and Stringer,

Deborah Potter's Ceramic Figure: Deborah Potter
Clay as a medium holds tremendous communicative potential. A pliant material before firing, it is a highly workable and expressive medium. These
qualities lend it favourably to the needs of artists working with the human form as subject matter. The ability to manipulate the position of a shoulder or
hip changes posture, placement of hands and facial features create gestures – all of which can convey emotion, disposition and humour. The
malleability of clay also allows for both actual textured surfaces and visual "textures" suggestive of tactile sensation. Modeled clay can evoke the
physicality of yielding flesh or draping fabric, whether these are supple or loose, smooth or wrinkled. With skillful formation, the ceramic figure serves
as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rocamora's work originates from a personal place, responding to childhood memories, life experience and dreams. Again aging is a principal
subject in the work, and like Potter, Rocamora creates figures that imitate "real" bodies. We see drooping stomachs and breasts along with rounded
thighs and rumps. However, this work is not as focused on the body, the interest here is the human spirit. The body is viewed as the vessel in which
we travel through life. Some of the pieces examine particular stages of life – a set of three figures reveal, through portals in the torsos, either full or
empty nests. Passing from one stage of life to another is the human journey; the vessel changes along the journey, as does the emotional terrain.
Rocamora's work presents this with humour and acceptance. There is symbolic buoyancy in many of the figures. Although fleshy and curvy they
possess a visual nimbleness. The posture, pose, and line of the body create a vertical emphasis, visually lifting the figure from the base. In some
pieces the figure is physically suspended above the base of the sculpture, and in one work the figure possesses paper wings. These reoccurring themes
of weightlessness and flight suggest transcendence, a lightness of spirit and triumph over psychological obstacles or social

Ceramics Museum Report
Museum Tour
Tiffany Nguyen
Janna Eggebeen
Wednesday, November 18, 2015
"Creators of Ceramics"
Ceramics; from Porcelain, to Pottery
Royal Ontario Museum
A ceramic is defined as a solid, inorganic and non–metallic object, most commonly pottery, which is made by using heat to permanently hardenclay or
other similar materials. In this tour, you will learn about the similarities and differences between the ceramics in six different ancient worlds including
Ancient Egypt and Nubia, Bronze Age Aegean, Byzantium, China, Greece, and Rome, in which the latter three were especially known for their
ceramics.
Upon entering the first gallery of China, we spot a blue and white porcelain wine pot and dish sitting on a ledge on the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
California Academy of Sciences.
n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
.
"What Are Ceramics?" Science Learning Hub RSS. Science Learning Hub, 27 Apr. 2010. Web. 17
Nov. 2015. .
Bouzakis, Konstantinos Dionysios et al. "An Investigation of Ceramic Forming Method Using
Reverse Engineering Techniques: The Case of Oinochoai from Dion, Macedonia,
Greece". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 18.2 (2011): 111
–124. Web. 17
Nov. 2015.
Chris, Woodford. "Ceramics." Their Properties, Manufacture, and Everyday Uses.
Explainthatstuff, 12 July 2015. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
.

Loney, Helen L. "Society and Technological Control: A Critical Review of Models of
Technological Change in Ceramic Studies". American Antiquity 65.4 (2000): 646
–668. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
Peacock, D. P. S. "The Scientific Analysis of Ancient Ceramics: A Review". World Archaeology
1.3 (1970): 375–389. Web. 17 Nov.

Traditional Pottery : Methods Of Overcoming The Challenges...
IMPORTED TRADITIONAL POTTERY: METHODS OF OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES FOR TRADITIONAL CERAMICS INDUSTRIES
IN OMAN
DR. BADAR MOHAMMED ALMAMARI
Department of Art Education,
Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Introduction
In the new global economy, the development of traditional ceramics industries has become a central issue for individual ceramicists and craft
enterprises alike. In Oman, over the past decade the Public Authority for Crafts Industries (PACI) has played a strong role in supporting the traditional
ceramics industry. However, recently, competition from importedpottery and the negative impacts on local markets has become a pressing issue. The
purpose of this paper is to address the ways in which individual Omani ceramicists and traditional pottery enterprises can successfully compete against
imported ceramics.
Imported Ceramics
Nearly two–thirds of ceramic tableware in Oman now comes from abroad (PACI, 2016). Although extensive studies have been conducted into crafts
consumption and marketing, very limited research has sufficiently explored competition from imported ceramics and its negative impact on local
markets. Exploring the threat of imported pottery for local traditional craftspeople would seem to link clearly to the subject of protecting local
ceramicists. Therefore, it is impossible to study this issue and contribute to this area of research without examining the challenges that the Omani craft
industry is facing in general.
Today, modern factories

The Ware : Practical Vessel
Kenzan Ware: Practical Vessel
A section dedicated to the art of "chanoyu", meaning "hot water for tea" in Japanese, and also known as tea ceremony is located in the "Asia:
Paintings and Decorative Arts" room at the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts. Within a glass case, there are four objects on display,
signifying few of the many vessels used for a tea ceremony. Many of them were created during or near a same time frame: Edo period, Japan, which
spans from 1615 to 1868. One of them is a tea bowl with a unique, almost modern looking design given a descriptive title called, "Tea Bowl with
Spring Grasses" created during the 18th century in Japan. Unlike its companion in the same case, a Satsuma black glazed tea bowl made of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kenzan learned pottery from famous Nonomura Ninsei who established "Kyo–yaki", Kyoto Pottery, in mid 17th century. Kenzan opened his kiln when
he was 37 years old in 1699 in Narutaki, Kyoto where he created many artistic ceramics "Kenzan–yaki". His brother, Korin, often collaborated Kenzan
on decoration of pottery and created innovative artworks together (Wilson).
While the raku (meaning enjoyment, comfort, or ease) ware is commonly used when creating tea bowls, Kenzan avoided this technique due to having
a cousin who adopted into the Raku family (Wilson). So rather than using the hand molded approach that is often used for objects later to be used in a
tea ceremony, he decided to use his own methods and approach that still fitted the aesthetics of the tea ceremony. The bowl, which was treated like a
three–dimensional canvas, is distinctive to Kenzan's background in painting and calligraphy.
He formed the clay into a smooth, consistently shaped vessel. Then after the lid is formed, the two parts would be checked together to see if the size
of the lid is too large or small to cover the bowl. As it remained unfired, he later applied the decoration with a similar approach to a painter. In order to
imitate the effect of brushwork on absorbent paper, he applied colored pigments underneath a transparent glaze (Wilson). Kenzan first started on the
white background, painting a wave like shape reminiscent of mountains in the far distance behind the

Empty Blows Dinner Reflection
This reflection paper focuses on my experience at Just–Harvest (Action Against Hunger)'s 21ST annual Empty Blows Dinner event. This event
occurred in North Oakland. I attended the 4:30–6:30pm session on March 20th. The event represented potters, both professional and non, chefs and
cooks, restaurants, bread makers, a temple youth group, volunteers, walk–in communities' members, communities' leaders and more. At this event,
more than 1, 500 small ceramic bowls were on display. They were all intentionally empty because empty blows represented someone in the Pittsburgh
community who struggles to fill up the real bowls in their homes with food. I walked the venue, and aside each blow was educational facts about
hungry in America. I interacted... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With globalizations, middle–class Americans are experiencing a new level of employment uncertainty, which speaks to the increase in homelessness
and food insecurity. According to our class guest speaker Vic Papale, "Americans are faced with higher domestic food prices, reduced incomes and
employment and having already sold off assets, reduced food consumption and cut spending on essential items such as health care and education."
These families and individuals risk falling deeper into destitution and the hunger–poverty trap. In other words, hunger makes poverty intergenerational.
In terms of employment, we discussed in class how employers prefer not to employ the undernourished, ill–dressed or uneducated. However,
individuals or families that are experiencing consistent food insecurity are often poor and or, undernourish. Therefore, without an equal chance to
represent their capabilities or speak on behalf of themselves, this population is excluded from the job market. This is a fact that many politicians, job
makers and lawmakers cease to

Conical Hat Definition
The thoughts about ceramic shape's history gave me a ground to be able to create the Conical Hat series works, and the investigation of conical hat
provides the depth of my work. However, it still has lots of space for my personal concepts and understandings in this series of work. According to
those studies on object and shapes, my central idea can be concluded into just one word which is "container". I view the Conical Hat series are
containers. Then, what is the container? Container is a Middle English word. It comes from contain with –er. It is a noun which means anything that
contains or can contain according to The Macquarie Dictionary. In The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, container appears as a word under the
explanation of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beyond to describe different kinds of containers, the act to be a container can mean something else and worth to think about it. Being a container
can be seen as taking the role of protection, storage or transportation. Different container can have different roles. It gives container a character that
can be classified. Besides, from the other side of this idea, after a container been found, the act afterwards also be assigned. It is like when you
found a jar, what you put in it will give the jar its value. Or like, you give different values to the same jar than other people did to it. According to
the analysis of container, there are two levels of how my Conical Hat series links to the concept of the container. First, conical hat is a kind of
container. Second, conical hat is a container of emotion. Conical hat is the container is the direct connection. From geometric sense, conical hat is a
hollow cone shape, which enables it could contain something in it. The object, which has ability to hold things, can be called container, which is not
related to it should or should not. It is a very straight

Richard Fairbanks' and Takeshi Yasuda's Ceramics Essay
Richard Fairbanks' and Takeshi Yasuda's Ceramics Richard Fairbanks, although many times overlooked, was an important American ceramist. He was
known as a "loner" and because of this he was never really appreciated for his talent. Fairbanks was greatly influence by his professors. Professor Paul
Bonifas, who taught at the University of Washington, was one who left a huge impact on Fairbanks work. Fairbanks created a system of sketching
pottery profiles, which stemmed from Bonifas' teachings, as a mean of "thinking on paper." This approach to pottery through sketching was a crucial
element that separated Fairbanks from many other Asian–inspired American peers. Although, Fairbanks was a wheel thrown expert, he continued to
"think on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of purist forms, Fairbanks explored the less traveled road of rough and crusty clay bodies, which emerge, from the surface of the glaze.
This in turn removed his pieces from any realm of perfection. In the end Fairbanks demonstrated, trough his pieces, the p [positive and negative
approaches that he was exposed to during his years. Fairbanks wrote, "My eyes are lazy and don't see well. With my hands I se, and that is good. I
can hold the whole world in my hands when I am seeing with them a good pot. Then there is the earth: dense and heard, yet at one time it grew,
expanded and breathed; there like seed to stalk to flower to fruit, it patiently endured the potters tactile search. The clay speaks softly but firmly to
the potter, it is not afraid because it will always have the last word, even if it must atomize itself to return again and seeks its destiny anew in
another's hands. My hands see the clay and the clay murmurs to them take it easy, you're in good hands. The dialogue continues long after the brief
communication when the hands and the clay see each other, they know. They know." This statement was said to take great poignancy because of the
last two years of his life. Fairbanks was diagnosed with malignant brain tumor, which created little to no studio activity. As his disease progressed,
Fairbanks lost more and more eyesight. This passage softly

Case Study: Le Creuest Stoneware
Topic: Le Creuset Stoneware
About Le Creuest:
LE Creuest name originates from French meaning "Cauldron" (a huge metalpot that is used for cooking and boiling purposes on an open flame and its
mouth is opened and wide) is a French Cookware manufacturer which is well known for its selling casted iron materials across the globe.
Le Creuest was the first who introduced a material made up of Cast iron and molded enamel kitchen utensil in the 19th century. Le Creuest first
employed the method of using cast iron for the preparation of utensils. First material called "Cocotte" also called as French Oven was first made in
early 19's century.
This is known for selling awesome and amazing variety of kitchen hold items, utensils, ovens and tea pots ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are highly durable and easy to use. These are well worth and guarantee of the material makes them a purely unique product for use. It is
beautiful and indestructible. The enamel coating of the material makes it non reactive to heat and thus it is safe to use in the oven as well as in the
microwave because these can withstand the temperature. Bakers used for ovens are the best of Le Creuest stoneware and used in daily baking at
home. Le Creuest Stoneware can be washed like normal dishes and soap and washing materials could be used on them. Food taste remains the same
in these pots and it doesn't smell like others. Food stays warmer for longer duration. It feels great in using. Le Creuest Stoneware is very expensive in
cost because of the high cost material used in its manufacturing and it must be handled with care. These are heavier and bulky than other type of pottery
used. Food is cooked easily and heat is evenly distributed in the whole pot. They are beautiful in design and look very beautiful in looks and they are
awesome when placed on the table or kitchen. Different type of foods can be cooked easily and in no

Eric Serratella Sassy Pottery
Pottery is an ancient form of art created by people as early as 29,000 BC. The Gravettian "Venus" figurines (appendix A) are the earliest discovered
ceramic works, dating from 29,000 BC to 25,000 BC (Carr, 2015). Since then ceramics have significantly evolved, and the pots created today can be
described as interesting and unique masterpieces. An example of one of these masterpieces is "Sassy Birch" (appendix B), which is a teapot created
by Eric Serratella (appendix C). Eric Serritella received primary applied art training from two artist residencies studying with Ah Leon and clay
masters in Taiwan, and after 16 years of other work, Serritella transitioned into clay. He specialises inceramic trompe l'eole and has displayed his work
many museums, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The spout has been placed high on the teapot, and creates the illusion of an implied line to the top of the handle. The spout also appears to form
the resemblance to a 'hand' at the end, as there are multiple small branches growing from it. It is also bent at an angle to give the impression of an
elbow. The handle forms the other arm. It had also been cleverly created to look like a branch growing from the body of the pot with organic curves
and angles. The lid of the teapot is slightly raised by a thick neck of the teapot, and has a branch growing from it to form a convenient handle. The
base is muck thicker than the body to give it a very sturdy and well–built appearance. It also seems to be slightly hollowed out, forming a small cave,
which is very convenient as you could, for example, place a heater under it to keep your tea

Cylinder Seals: Mesopotamian Culture
Shania Bloomfield HIST2225 Midterm Exam 4. Cylinder seals were a huge part of Mesopotamian culture. Cylinder seals are a sort of intricately
designed impression stamp that ancient people used to serve as a sort of signature on a document. It was used to represent authenticity or to seal a
business deal, essentially the same way modern people would use a stamp and ink to legitimize a legal document today. The owners of cylinder seals
often wore them around their necks or attached to some sort of garment, they would tell important details pertaining to their identity. Stamp seals serve
the same purpose as cylinder deals with the main difference being that they were much smaller and far less ornate. 5. The Akkadians were the ones to
form one

Le Cereuset Stoneware: Case Study: Le Creuest Stoneware
Topic: Le Creuset Stoneware
About Le Creuest:
LE Creuest name originates from French meaning "Cauldron" (a huge metal pot that is used for cooking and boiling purposes on an open flame and
its mouth is open and wide) is a French Cookware manufacturer which is well known for its selling cast iron materials across the globe.
Le Creuest was the first who introduced a material made up of Cast iron and molded enamel kitchen utensil in the 19th century. Le Creuest first
employed the method of using cast iron for the preparation of utensils. First material called "Cocotte" also called as French Oven was first made in
early 19's century.
This is known for selling an awesome and amazing variety of kitchen hold items, utensils, ovens and tea pots ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These are highly durable and easy to use. These are well worth and guarantee of the material makes them a purely unique product for use. It is
beautiful and indestructible. The enamel coating of the material makes it non reactive to heat and thus it is safe to use in the oven as well as in the
microwave because these can withstand the temperature. Bakers used for ovens are the best of Le Creuest stoneware and used in daily baking at
home. Le Creuest Stoneware can be washed like normal dishes and soap and washing materials could be used on them. Food taste remains the same
in these pots and it doesn't smell like others. Food stays warmer for longer duration. It feels great in using. Le Creuest Stoneware is very expensive in
cost because of the high cost material used in its manufacturing and it must be handled with care. These are heavier and bulkier than other type of
pottery used. Food is cooked easily and heat is evenly distributed in the whole pot. They are beautiful in design and look very beautiful in looks and
they are awesome when placed on the table or kitchen. Different type of foods can be cooked easily and in no

Talavera
1.Read Class Notes and trace the history of Mexican ceramics, through style. Materials, purpose and technique.
The rich Mexican ceramics legacy was acquainted with Mexico by Spanish organization craftsmen and artists of the Colonial time frame. Usually
called "majolica" in Spain, Mexican Talavera draws its name from the sixteenth century Spanish ceramics focus, Talavera de la Reina. While the
multifaceted polychrome and more run of the mill blue and white outlines demonstrate their Old–World inheritance, local flower and creature themes
assert these vivid earthenware productions as traditionally Mexican. The most widely recognized earthenware production procedures of that period
were looping and squeezing. Pieces terminated in block ovens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most prominent and famous pottery made in Mexico is Talavera pottery. Talavera is a high
–quality decorative earthenware pottery style that is
recognized by its strong colors and detailed patterns creating traditional Mexican and more contemporary designs. The cultural trait of using bold
mixtures of vivid colours in art and fabrics was also prevalent in the rich variety of colours used in traditional Mexican pottery decoration. Mexican
pottery was made by coiling the clay into consecutive circles up the sides, followed by scraping and molding the coiled work until the coils could
no longer be detected. The Mexican wares were not glazed, but rather burnished and painted with coloured fine clay slips. The Spanish introduced
the potters' wheel and new glazing techniques, including Majolica. The colorful Majolica suited the Mexican aesthetic and the Talavera pottery is
renowned for its variety of Majolica and its mixture of different cultural influences. There was also a predominance of curved lines and intricate
detail. This mixture of styles was adopted by the local folk art pottery scene with most potters working in family workshops, and everyone
participating in the process. Talavera is a particular method of pottery which involves two firings first with a tin glaze and then lead (see further
information). The brightly painted designs are applied between the two firings. Talavera is named after a town in Spain. This clay is then kneaded
and the pieces are shaped on a potter's wheel or in a mold and left to dry. The pieces are fired at 850В°C and become hard and terracotta coloured.
More colour is applied in traditional designs. The design is transferred to the ceramic using carbon on a paper stencil. The resulting dot pattern is then
used as a guide for the hand painted bright colours. The decorated piece is fired again to produce

Ceramics: Pottery and Clay
CERAMICS
TERM PAPER in Submitted by:
Jenilen M. Capistrano
Submitted to:
Manuel Valenciano
DEDICATION
By this project, the author dedicates this to students so that they can know some information about the topic CERAMICS especially to those are not so
familiar regarding this topic.
~the Author
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Author extends her deepest gratitude to her friends who helped her to do this project, to the teachers for the opportunity to make this Term Paper,
to her parents for the financial concern and also to God for the blessings that she receives that leads her to accomplish this project.
~the Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE. "CERAMICS"
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
CONTENT/BODY ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, the term is commonly used to describe a material used inpottery. The earliest recorded ceramics were the result of various mixtures and base –
combinations, including clay. The resultant non–metallic and inorganic solid base is now a common sight in art ware and the domestic and industrial
segments of human development. The twentieth century witnessed the design of amalgamated, new ceramic materials that are still used extensively in
the manufacture of semiconductors. Ceramic engineering, as we know it today, is advanced and involves state–of–the–art processes. The material is
inert and inorganic, with a crystalline oxide base. The resultant product is always brittle, but strong in compression. Ceramic is able to withstand very
high temperatures and chemical erosion and survives well even in a strong caustic environment. Traditional raw materials that go into manufacture of
ceramic including kaolinite, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide or alumina.
HISTORY OF CERAMICS Reflecting on the history of ceramics involves a clear understanding of the two related branches, technology and aesthetics.
Ceramics technology has developed sophisticated material, over the years, for greater aesthetics. The initial hand–rolled coils took no time to evolve
into fuel efficient glazes that were developed in special kilns. The aesthetics of the material developed parallel to the

art of china Essay examples
China has the world's oldest living civilization. It's written history goes back almost 3,500 years, and the history told by it's artifacts and artwork
goes back much farther. The oldest known works of Chinese art include pottery and jade carvings from the time of 5000 BC. Jade is a general term
used to describe either jadeite or nephrite, known as true jade. It's composed of several minerals. It's smooth and rich in texture, but it's also extremely
tough. It can be off–white, or dark green, and sometimes has a reddish tint. Authentic jade is cool and never translucent. The philosopher Confucius
described jade perfectly when he said: "It is soft, smooth and shining– like intelligence. It's edges seem sharp but do not cut– like ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although other countries also created China, the pottery originated in Asia. French porcelain was inspired by the delicate white work from the Ting
dynasty, and Clue and white Dutch Delft porcelain was modeled after pottery from the Ming dynasty.
Pottery started out as functional, but became more ornamental as the centires continued. the themes of the painted and carved porcelain were mostly
nature scenes, but they were also from folklore. Artrists originaly molded the clay with their hands and set it in the sun to try. Eventualy they began to
use a potter's wheel, and they used a glaze at the same time as the romans.
During the Tang dynasty, Chinese pottery began to develop it's own distict style. They used the first colored glazes, and underglaze painting. The best
pottery came from the time between the Sung dynasty and the Ming times, when the King hired officials to work in his court strictly as potters. When
these artists made mistakes in their work (cracks or drips), they used the mistakes to create a picture, such as turning a crack into a tree, or a drip into a
teardrop.
Although painting was not China's first form of art, it is probably the most important and dominating form today. Chinese paintings have always tried
to capture philosophy as well as details. 1,400 years ago, Hsieh Ho, made six basic laws for painting, which artists in China still follow today. They

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