This document summarizes a journal club presentation on a randomized controlled trial comparing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) to conventional surgical tracheostomy (ST). The trial found that PDT was significantly more cost effective than ST when performed in the ICU for patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. The journal club presentation provided a detailed summary and critical appraisal of the randomized controlled trial, assessing aspects like study design, population, interventions, outcomes, validity, reliability, applicability, and significance. The presentation concluded that the trial was of medium quality and found PDT to be a preferable option to ST, with the caveat that surgical backup is still needed in case of complications from PDT.