2. STRESSES OR LOADS IN BOW REGION
• The forward end of a ship refers to thestructure forward of the collision bulkhead.
• The forward end is designed to provide a smooth entry to the water and
streamlined flow along the ship.
4. PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
• Panting is the in-and-out movement of the shell plating that results from
variations in water pressure as the vessel pitches in a seaway. Special structural
arrangements are provided in the bow region to strengthen the shell plating
against this action.
5. PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
• These arrangements include:
• 1. horizontal plates welded to the sides of the vessel (known as panting stringers)
• 2. transverse beams extending from side to side (known as panting beams)
• 3. partial bulkheads.
8. PROVISION TO ADDITIONAL STRENGTH TO
WITHSTAND PANTING
• Pounding results from the heaving or pitching of the vessel, which causes the
forward region to‘slam’ down on the water.
• To resist pounding, the shell plating is increased in thickness, frame spacing is
reduced, and additional side girders and solid plate floors are fitted in the
forward region.
9. AFT REGION
• The aft end of a ship terminates the structure and is designed to provide a
smooth water flow into and away from the propeller.
• The propeller and rudder are also positioned and supported at the after end and
require certain structural arrangements in order to operate satisfactorily.
• The after end construction involves an amount of overhanging structure to accept
the steering gear below deck and mooring equipment higher up on the weather
deck.
• This arrangement leads to large slamming forces in this after region and an
adequately stiffened structure is therefore required.
10. FUNCTION OF STERN FRAME
• The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the
area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the
taffrail. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the
stern.
12. TRANSOM STERN
• Basically a transom stern is a stern shape characterized by a generally flat shape
extending to the waterline.
• The transom stern offers a greater deck area aft, is a simpler construction, and
can also provide improved flow around the stern.
• The flat surface of any transom stern may begin either at or above the waterline
of the vessel. Transom stern can be viewed as a cruiser stern whose aft – most
portion is cut off.
