JEVIN-MBS612-RESEARCH PROJ

Wastage of Power & Water in
United Arab Emirates
(A Strategic overview)
MBS-612 : Research project
SUPERVISOR : Prof. John Grainger
Student Name : Jevin Samuel George
Student ID : 31337104

MBS 612- RESEARCH PROJECT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:.................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS on POWER & Water consumptions.......................................................................... 9
STRENGTHS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
WEAKNESSES.................................................................................................................................................................. 9
OPPORTUNITIES..........................................................................................................................................................10
THREATS.........................................................................................................................................................................10
6. RESEARCH FINDINGS .....................................................................................................................................................11
POWER CONSUMPTION IN DIFFERENT SECTORS........................................................................................12
WATER CONSUMPTIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS......................................................................................13
Reasons why the problem exists and justification.........................................................................................16
7. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................................18
8. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................................................21
9. APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................................................24
APPENDIX: A.......................................................................................................................................................................24
APPENDIX: B.......................................................................................................................................................................25
APPENDIX: C ......................................................................................................................................................................26

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
UAE has been one of the fastest emerging economies in the world (Higher Education of UAE).
UAE’s economy consists of high per capita income and a substantial yearly trade
surplus. Successful efforts at trade and industry diversifications have reduced the
component of GDP based on oil and gas productivity to 25% (Index Mundi, 2011).
Since the discovery of oil, UAE has undergone an insightful revolution from an
impecunious region of small desert principalities to a recent state with a high set
of living.
To maintain this development, many resources including natural gas and oil have been
utilized. In order to keep up with the ever-growing demand; and sustain growth-the country
needs to use a lot of resources both in terms of renewable and non-renewable sources of
energy (Zamana, 2011). Due to harsh climatic conditions in the region people consume a lot of
energy by using modern utilities such as air conditioners, refrigerators, generators (electrical
type), fans, etc. The rate of energy consumed by an individual in UAE is much higher when
compared to rest of the world (Jose Marc, 2009). If this keeps up, energy production won’t be
able to keep up with the energy needs. Due to this, the United Arab Emirates will start facing
problems such as power failures, black outs and shortages in water production. A study has
found that hotels in UAE consume significant volumes of power which causes high carbon
dioxide emissions, outpacing their counterparts in other countries (Gulf News, 2008). As result
of this high energy consumption, the UAE will experience shortage of power by up to 35%
during 2012 (Anonymous, 2011).
UAE owns the fourth largest natural gas reserve in the world, and produced214.4 trillion cubic
feet of natural gas during 2011 (Canty, 2011). Almost 97 percent of power stations in UAE
produce electricity by running gas turbines; these gas turbines have a maximum of 40 percent
efficiency, the remaining60 percent pollutes the atmosphere, and is responsible for the high
carbon dioxide emissions Compared to other countries. UAE gets minimal rainfall. Annual

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rainfall in UAE is about 120 millimetres (Raouf, 2010). Also, due to geographic location of UAE,
there are almost no fresh water lakes or rivers, although some valleys in the Hajir Mountain
range can be an exception (Dubai seeker forum). The nation currently depends on ground
water resources, however according to researchers; it is said that the water table is declining
rapidly (M. A. Raouf, 2009). The reason for this is mainly because the ground water reservoirs
are not given enough time to replenish but are constantly being diminished (M. A. Raouf,
2009).To aggravate the condition; the ground water is becoming polluted by harmful
contaminants mainly industrial waste (Anonymous, 2009). This further decreases our
expectation of ground water reserves as a future resource. Therefore in abide to meet up with
the water requirements; the UAE government has been commissioning a substantial number of
desalination plants to desalinate the sea water for utility purposes. The development of
desalination plants is in addition a power-intensive procedure. This is another reason why
UAE is one of the higher energy consuming nations across the world (WAM, 2011).
Furthermore it is extremely significant to understand that the desalination option is
responsible for the creation of CO2 to a massive extent (UAE yearbook, 2010). Carbon dioxide
(CO2) which is emitted into the air as part of the desalination process, leads to significant
pollution of the environment, which in turn contributes to global warming (Refer Appendix B).
The primary objective of this research is to highlight the easiest and most convenient solution
for various wastages of power and water in UAE. This is done by taking into account of the
results of surveys and group discussions with experts in the field coupled with the current
global research.

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2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
The research objectives is to identify different ways of saving power and water in UAE and also
highlight alternative resources to supplement the existing resources for day to day communal
activities, as all resources are depleting in the UAE year by year. In detail, the research
concentrates on the following issues as listed below: (Key information located)
 Major cause of power wastage and Remedies to reduce these wastages
 Ignorance of the importance of saving power.
 Lack of information provided to consumers relating to the production of million watts
of power on daily basis
 Low tariff rate on electricity usage
 Subsidized electricity bills
 Lack of management skills on the part of people working in power sector: wasted heat
can and should be converted back to power
 Major cause of water wastages and Remedies to reduce these wastages?
 Lack of awareness on diminishing availability of resources
 Lack of information on various steps involved in processing waste water to meet
quality health standards before it reaches washroom, kitchens etc.
 Subsidized water bills. As people do not pay the full value of water, they are not
bothered about saving it.
 What are the ways we can minimize water and power resource usage?
 We need to create awareness in the community, particularly among young people and
teenagers in order to reduce the usage of power and water resources in their day to day
life. We need to make readily available advanced technologies like sensors system, light
dimming technology and timers at cheaper cost as a means of conserving water and
electricity.

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 Re-use and recycling of our resources would be the largest factor in conserving water
and electricity, for example gas turbines in closed cycle, waste water recycling for
watering plants, car services and other common uses etc.
3. INTRODUCTION
United Arab Emirates is a confederation of seven independent emirates, formed in 1971. Abu
Dhabi and Dubai contains 30 % and 50% of gross domestic product (UAE Yearbook, 2010).In
2010, the economy of United Arab Emirates took a blow as a result of the global financial crisis,
which cause a huge decline in their oil and gas prices (Nanto, 2009). Conversely, the answer of
dynamic counter cyclical strategies and monetary sector would maintain procedures which
will probably steer a new section of slow added sustainable development for the United Arab
Emirates economy (UAE Yearbook, 2010).
The main natural resources of United Arab Emirates are its natural gas and oil reserves. With
respect to world trade organization reports in 2009, it is seen that more than 87% of their
financial economy depends upon the exporting of their natural resources (Oil & Natural Gas).
Having world’s seventh largest reserve of natural gas and fifth major exporter of crude oil, the
capital emirate Abu Dhabi has most of the hydrocarbon deposits. South Korea, Iran, Japan,
U.S.A and India are certain countries where UAE exports the resources (UAE Yearbook, 2010).
If we look two or three or four decades into the future, we know that hydrocarbons alone
will not meet the needs of a growing world economy. Even with all the technical expertise
the world could offer and all the political will it could muster, eventually, we will run out of
oil. And, even before then, the price of a dwindling supply will be prohibitive. At present,
our world is overly focused on, and overly dependent upon, one source of energy . . . and
that path is unsustainable.
Samuel Bodman, US Energy Secretary

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Even though Oil and Natural Gas have been a powerful strength for the UAE's financial system,
financial diversification has been an intensive government approach since 1980’s. This
approach bought various improvement of a numerous of innovative service sectors and center
of non-oil& gas industrial actions. Emirates Cities such as Dubai, in common, have materialized
as an active global trading hub, along with a huge tourism division and active real estate
marketplace. The UAE has always known the consequence of safe guarding ecological
resources; rather it has endeavored to compose a keystone of its developmental strategy for
current and future production (UAE yearbook, 2010). Undeniably, throughout the last three
decades of the twentieth century, the UAE has attained most important steps in maintaining
development, including the formation of a federal environmental organization, the
formulations of a complete nationwide environmental policy and legislation, and contribution
in abundant mutual ecological accordance.
United Arab Emirates, in spite of plentiful assets of natural gas and oil, appear to be on the
edge of running short of oil and natural gas. Amazingly, the Middle East, which has 45% of the
world's enduring natural gas reserves, is besieged to find enough natural gas to meet its own
probable demands (UAE Yearbook, 2010). Since oil and natural gas is the main feedstock for the
majority of its downstream and petrochemical projects, the force of the deficiency is steadily
being felt internationally. Demand for natural g as is unlikely to slow, as these countries are
committed to huge investments in infrastructure and the power sector (plaster mart, 2009).
4. METHODOLOGY
The research project is based on the wastage of power and water in UAE. The hypothesis being
that wastage of power and water would cause a major threat to natural resources in UAE. This
proposal is based on uncertain statements and has been followed up with lot of analysis by
using different research methods. This thesis has been expressed initially by organizing a
research proposal which summarized the main characteristics of the upcoming research. The
research proposal acted as a blue print of the research project and acted as an easy format to
work on. But the preparation of the proposal had already initiated the gathering of hard data

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for the analysis of the hypothesis. Hard data has been gathered using online resources and
Murdoch library books.
Through Murdoch University documentation website, ‘ProQuest Journal, Articles, and
Databases were chosen. Precised full text and scholarly articles only were selected, dated from
January 2001 onwards. The phrase ‘Wastage of power and water in UAE’ was used in the
explore selection. This generated abundant articles which had been beneficial in attaining
useful information. This exploration led to obtaining of many other articles on or after which a
good number of applicable resources was selected in relation to the subject for my summary.
Hard copy of all information was collected from Murdoch University library website. Further
research was conducted using journal articles and databases relating to information found.
Further research was conducted using various newspapers, journals and articles from Google's
search engine. This search gave many research article and academic journals. Took note of all
consumers’ problems they face due to shortages of power and water. Finally a meeting was
conducted with industry experts for opinions and their conclusions. Creation of SWOT analysis
for current issues faced in comparison to the other countries of the world. With these
conclusions, the proposal on power and water wastage in UAE was created.
This proposal is prepared with the help of various information’s collected through online
journals, and also business meetings along with The Power Authority, R.A.K.I.A and from work
experiences.

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5. LITERATURE REVIEW
5.1 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS ON POWER & WATER CONSUMPTIONS
STRENGTHS
 Availability of land resources-Due to the availability of power and water market
promises markets in United Arab Emirates with respect to potential growth in the
upcoming years.
 Survival of workforce-In accumulation to the labor force obtainable in rural part, extra
workers will turn into accessible because an effect of the capability and strength of
power and water production.
 Large-scale use of Natural gas-In UAE, 85% of economic market depends on petroleum
and gas exports. Being world’s fifth major exporters of crude oil and acquire the
seventh major reserves of natural gas. The technology and the research for progressing
source utilized for generating power from oil and gas are on an excellent level.
 Awareness of people into scientific and innovative growth.
 Complex network and infrastructure-Power and water network clutches most modern
necessities and cover up certain element of the area. Power generation infrastructure in
UAE has been extremely much modernized to an immense level.
 The ongoing and rising necessitate for desalinated water
WEAKNESSES
 Poor infrastructure has led to heavy transmission and distribution losses
 Reduced return to utilities which affect their productivity and capability to make
further investment.
 Huge investment costs-Due to the result of the high value of technologies used for
power generation and water recycling, the probability for bringing major strategic
investments are limited. The payment time for investing in generation of these energies

10
is frequently ten years or more, which decreases the importance in taking up such
investments.
 Low Energy prices- Due to high prices for the resources in the neighboring countries,
presently a good deal of demands on the export of resources products, including oil, gas
& petroleum.
 Low awareness- The general understanding of society should be possibilities of using
natural gas and water and think about cost-effectiveness being low. No determined and
wide range information has been accepted yet.
OPPORTUNITIES
 Raise in fuel prices in the world market-The expected value increase of import fuels
inspires for expansion of substitute fuel construction / look for occasion.
 Money derived from emission trading-The control of the money derived from
emission operation into for the production of energy generation from renewable
resources agree to achieve several goals -securities of contribution, clean surrounding
atmosphere and trade of extra emissions trading proportion.
 Decline of power dependence-The shift to produce energy from limited raw supplies
will significantly assist in the increase of share for limited fuels in the energy stability
and reduces the dependence of the power produced on the world market prices of the
possessions.
THREATS
 Low world market prices for resources:-Due to the irregular low price of solid, liquid
and gas oil and petroleum might provide an undesired sign into the market and by that
could increase the distribute of fuel import.
 Opening up of power and water distribution markets: - Following the energy
markets to open up, the sale prices of energy will be market support and may give
unperformed short-term signal for making investment assessment.

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 Erroneous and ineffectual organizational and political decisions-Incorrect
planning and development may lead to economically inefficient use.
 Further rapid development of demanding markets:-The conclusion accepted by the
adjoining countries and money guided into energy generation, together with a
significantly superior technological and monetary potential might result in an rising
export of oil and petroleum under the circumstance of the Arab internal market.
6. RESEARCH FINDINGS
Demand of power and water in UAE is growing at 15 percent per year, which is five times
compared to rates of countries like United Kingdom and United States. Power and water
consumption will keep rising steeply due to economic necessities. Below chart and tables gives
a clear indication on how people in UAE consumed electricity for the last ten years.
Table 1: Electricity - production (billion kWh)
Country-Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
United Arab Emirates 20.11 36.7 38.7 37.74 37.74 45.12 45.12 49.52 62.76 62.76 71.54 71.54
Table 2: Electricity - consumption (billion kWh)

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Country-Consumption 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
United Arab Emirates 18.7 34.13 35.99 35.1 35.1 36.51 38.32 46.05 57.88 57.88 65.98 65.98
POWER CONSUMPTION IN DIFFERENT SECTORS
More than 90 per cent of the UAE’s electricity production is fuelled by natural gas, with the
remaining produced by diesel generation and steam turbines (primarily in the Northern
Emirates). The major players in the UAE’s electricity generation sectors are: Abu Dhabi Water
and Electricity Authority, which currently accounts for53 per cent of the capacity, Dubai
Electricity and Water Authority (29 per cent), Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (11 per
cent), and Federal Electricity and Water Authority (7 per cent), which operates in the Northern
Emirates. (Utilities in the UAE, 2010)

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Table 3: POWER CONSUMPTION IN DIFFERENT SECTORS
From table 3, it is seen that around 45 % of electricity in UAE has been consumed by
commercial sector and the next major consumer is the residential sector. It is also interesting
to note that about 9% of UAE’s electricity is only consumed, for producing and desalinating
water (WETEX, 2011). Hotels in UAE have one of the highest rates of water and electricity
consumption in the world
WATER CONSUMPTIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS
Table 4: Water consumption in different sectors

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From the table 4, around 61 % of water in UAE is been consumed by residential sector and the
next major consumers are commercial sector (Moushumi, 2005). It is also interesting to note
that about 3% of UAE electricity is consumed for producing and desalination process (WETEX,
2011). Hotels in UAE have the highest consumption of water in the world.
The United Arab Emirates is the third biggest nation in terms of seawater desalination facility.
Though, there is a rareness of information offered about desalination in the UAE. It is
implicated that each emirate has its own water authority, and each provides a different
amount of information. The United Arab Emirates has 55.5 m3 of natural renewable water
resources per capita. In contrast, Australia has 25,185 m3 per capita. The average annual
precipitation in the largest city of the UAE, Abu Dhabi, is 89 mm. In contrast, Sydney has an
average annual precipitation of 1333 mm
Scarcity of Water resources face a massive of threats which are very serious to the nation, all
caused mainly by activities of human being. They comprise of urban growth, climate change,
toxic waste, and landscape modification such as deforestation. Each of them has its own
explicit blow, typically straight on ecology and in revolve to water resources.
If insufficiently directed, actions like road-building, mining, farming and forest-clearing can
lead to too much erosion of soil and hovering element ending up in rivers (sedimentation).
These damages on marine ecosystem can impair water feature and obstruct internal shipping.
Contamination can damage water resources and aquatic ecosystems. Major pollutants
comprise for illustration of organic material and illness causing organisms from fritter away
water discharge, pesticides and fertilizers operation off from farming lands, acid rain resulting
from pollution of air, and heavy metals released by industrial actions and mining.
The results of taking out too much water, both from groundwater and water surface, have been
vivid. A prominent example is the sudden reduction in size of the Lake Chad and Aral Sea. Little
is being completed to deal with the causes, which include deforestation and poor water
management practices.

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In latest decades, more water has been taken out from underground resource. The advantages
of removing groundwater are often short-term, while the negative affects – lower water levels
and worn-out resources.
Climate alteration appears to be increasing accessible pressures, for e.g. in region already
suffering from shortages of water. Mountain glaciers and lands are reducing more quickly in
recent years. Intense weather events branching from global warming, such as floods and
storms, are likely to become more common and harsh. However, based on current information,
scientists can only make common calculation about the impact of climate modification on
water resources.
Table 5: Top 10 countries for making carbon foot prints (per capita basis), DATA FROM
GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK
Note: Due to urbanization and Industrial growth, UAE’s high carbon foot print has a huge
impact on the environment. Largest amount of electricity is consumed for cooling purpose
with up to 53 % energy consumed during summer season (Landais, 2008).Government of UAE
is planning to develop a system called Demand side management, which will educate
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8.13
8.1
5.57
4.53
4.31
4.03
3.34
3.87
3.72
3.69
Carbon Foot Print
QATAR
UAE
UNITED STATES
KUWAIT
FINLAND
CANADA
MECEDONIA
BELGIUM
IRELAND
SINGAPORE

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consumers and sway them to reduce the wastage of consumption of both power and water and
will make sure that they use the limited resources wisely (WETEX, 2011).
REASONS WHY THE PROBLEM EXISTS AND JUSTIFICATION
Main reasons why these types of problems arise are due to:-
At Residential areas –People do not have proper knowledge on the difficulties that can be
caused due to wastage of power and water
Some common examples of their waste uses are while using
 Desktop computers-73.95 W when on Idle, 21.1 W lost while on sleep mode and
2.84 W when on off condition with supply running in.
 Cell Phone Charger- 2.23 W lost with phone plugged in and is fully charged;
0.14W lost when charger is connected to outlet.
 Laptops-when ON and charging it consumes 44.25 W and 4.40W on standby
mode.
 Average person water consumption is 130 gallons per day; if you shower for
more than ten minutes we would waste around 20 gallons of water
approximately. Reducing shower time by just 5 minutes would save up to 300
gallons of water per month
 Watering plants during day time is wastage and it could be less use to plant as
water would get dried up due to the soaring heat of the sun causing the soil to
dry faster.
At Power Stations – In UAE, 97 percent of power plants uses gas turbine, which have only 40
percent efficiency. 60 percent of efficiency is wasted into environment. If they reuse the
remaining 60 percent by bringing a closed cycle system they can still power up one whole
country. Improper management would be the main cause of this type of issues.

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Water used in Power plants and desalination plants are less wasted but there can be losses due
to improper maintenance of specialized tanks, boilers etc; which causes major leakages
Lot of energy loss is found when improper energy conversion takes place in industrial
machines like electrical energy into heat energy, electrical energy to mechanical energy etc.
(Refer Appendix C)
Desalination and demineralization plants in UAE: Even though we use desalinated water
for our basic needs, we still need to reduce the waste of using them wasted. The process of
desalinating and demineralization is a huge power consuming projects. Huge amount of money
is being invested throughout the emirates to develop new plants. The financial side of
desalination is indistinct by the low local energy cost. (Refer Appendix C)
DUBAI DESALINATION CAPACITY
INSTALLED CAPACITY 2001 2002 2003 2004
DESALINATION PLANT
MILLIONS/GALLONS/DAY
148 168 188 188
WELLS MILLION /GALLONS / DAY
12 12 41 41
PEAK DEMAND 143 154 167 184
Source: Dubai Water and Electricity Authority, Statistics. See website (http://dewa.gov.ae)
ABUDHABI WATER CAPACITY & PRODUCTION
YEAR CAPACITY
(MILLION GALLONS /DAY)
PRODUCTION
(MILLIONS OF GALLONS)
1998 214 66772
1999 227 70917
2000 258 76917
2001 325 86896
2002 449 105560
2003 449 120415
2004 642 138297
Source: Abu Dhabi Water and Electrical Company, Statistical Leaflet 2004. See website
http://www.adwec.ae

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From the above table, it is obvious that Abu Dhabi has considerably improved its desalination
facility, from 214 MG/day to 64 MG/day
At Commercial Places – Places like hotels and restaurant, waste water by washing dishes
mostly by running their tap on. People would not care much if the company is paying for the
water bills. They even waste electricity by turning on all the lights and air conditioners even
when there is no one to use them. Running fixtures and leaks are another for wastage of water.
A leaky bathroom can waste approximately 200 gallons of water a day.
7. DISCUSSION
Probing for an approach to switch its increasing waste crisis, and with its major landfill
approaching capacity, UAE is initiating various drives to understand their fellow citizen to
reduce power and water wastages and also on how to conserve them for future (WAM, 2011).
We need to generate awareness among young people and teenagers about the importance of
conserving power and water resources in their daily life. Educate elder personnel through
commercial advertisement on power and water. Many industries have stepped up various
actions to reduce the loss of power and water in their production cycle. They have put up new
latest machineries less power consuming and high product output. Various places have started
up to recycle the water and use for basic day life needs. We all know that resources in UAE are
depleting day by day. We need to conserve them and use them effectively. Without these
resources we cannot run gas turbines to generate power, we won’t be able to fill petrol in our
car; we won’t be able to do any production for living up.
The research on wastage of power and water in UAE has not given solutions to my hypothesis
but also demonstrated accurate to every level. Latest advancement is coming up in UAE for
protecting the power consumption like new less power and cost effective lighting systems,
sensor systems in various houses to switch off the lights and other electrical applications when
not in use. Automatic water shut off valve to avoid tear and wears in pipeline are recently used
in various power industries. Re use and recycling of our resources would be a major way of

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preserving water and electricity. Example: Gas turbine in closed cycle, waste water recycling
for watering plants, car services and other common uses etc.
Decline of resources in later stage could lead to lot of issues in UAE. The government has
definitely become conscious about the crisis. MASDAR was established to come across answers
to the tribulations such as: management of power, management of water and varying energy
possessions. MASDAR city is located in Abu Dhabi. It is a city which relies mainly on solar
energy and alternate energy resources. There is almost no wastage of water and energy in this
city (Lawton, Michael, June 2009). This city will serve as a role model to every other city in the
world. MASDAR plans on hosting the world’s largest hydrogen power plant for the production
of energy. MASDAR will also attempt to reduce waste to zero. Industrial waste, such as plastics
and metals, will be recycled or re-purposed for other uses. Water conservation is very nicely
done (Masdar City, February 2008). 80% of water used will be recycled and used as many
times as possible. Hotels should start using energy conserving devices. In support of a hotel to
transform its customary ways of in service acquire time and the capability to look earlier
period the hope that if a little is achievable is will be more costly and will have a slow
repayment time. A system and certain standards should be created in every hotel to monitor
the wastage of power and water. For example, a hotel required to see where the majority
power is being used in the facility. The hotel can aim the lighting in those areas where the
energy use is peak. Then they might set aim of reducing their energy utilization by 20% over a
one year period, or restore the existing lighting equipment with solid fluorescent lightings.
Setting aim and targets and monitoring outcome are great tools for examining your progress in
energy application as well as your declining energy costs.
It has become obvious that, change in climate is upsetting water accessibility. Pollution, water
distraction and suspicions about the availability of water are frightening economic growth,
health and environment. Water from Underground is often being over polluted and exploited.
To expand water supply, conventional techniques – such as collection of rainwater are now
being added by newer technologies like water reuse and desalination (Refer Appendix C).
Political hold up is needed to develop information assortment that can in turn enable better
decision making about the use of water and management.

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Here a conclusion can arise by making sure following things take into account into future for
conserving our energy sources. We should be able to connect relevant elements of this plan
with other strategic plans. We should coordinate implementation and promote communication
across emirates and other communicating agencies. Last not the least we should be able to
build a local human resource capacity for betterment of the nation.

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 Anonymous (12/01/2010 B). ‘’Hero’s of the UAE launch water conservation campaign
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SHARJAH, U.A.E. August 2009. http://www.beeah-
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(Dubai, United Arab Emirates).
http://www.ice.gov.it/paesi/asia/emirati/upload/159/MEE%20Market%20Research.
pdf
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 Bodman’s Remarks at Middle East Institute’s 60th Anniversary Conference.
http://www.energy.gov/print/4477.htm

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 Canty, Daniel. "Country focus: 2011 UAE energy report." arabianoiland gas.com, 2011.
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 Electric Power Research Institute and the US Department of Energy. 1997. Renewable
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24
9. APPENDIX
APPENDIX: A
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (ABU DHABI)
 Taweelah A1 Power and Desalination Plant have an output 385,000,000 liter
(85,000,000 imp gal; 102,000,000 US gal) per day of clean water.
 Umm Al Nar Desalination Plant has an output of 394,000,000 liters (87,000,000 imp gal;
104,000,000 US gal) per day of clean water.
 Fujairah F2 is to be completed by July 2010 will have a water production capacity of
492,000,000 liters (108,000,000 imp gal; 130,000,000 US gal) per day.
 A Seawater Greenhouse was constructed on Al-Aryam Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates.

25
APPENDIX: B
TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS IN UAE, 1995 (GG)
SECTOR CO2 equivalent CO2 CH4 N2O NOX CO NMVOC SO2
ENERGY 70879 60246 396 5 162 836 95 18310
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS 3455 3443 1 0 1 138 6 5
WASTE MANAGEMENT 2552 0 108 0 0 0 0 0
AGRICULTURAL 1777 0 48 2 0 0 0 0
LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY -4227 -4227 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 74436 59462 553 7 163 974 101 18315

26
APPENDIX C:
Important discussions noted after Meeting along with RAKIA Power & Water Advisor, Mr. N.
Zakkir Hussain
 How to reduce wastage of power in Power plants and other industry sectors?
 Use direct drive energy machineries rather than indirect drive machineries (E.g. lot of
energy loss on conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy and others)
 Conversion of open cycle power plants to closed cycle power plants
 Nuclear power plant as a remedy to future resources for Power production
 No doubt, Nuclear power and solar power would be the main source of power
production in the future, when there is shortage for natural gas resources. Well
efficiencies would not be good as compared to gas turbine for generating power. But as
the resources be available in plenty. Cost factor would not affect the energy production.
Lot of precautionary steps the government would to take safe guard the society ad
mankind from
 Desalination process is a very expensive process and more power consuming
process. Any remedies to avoid these losses of power?
 It is a fact that there is scarcity of fresh water in UAE. The process of making is an
expensive process and more power consuming. We have huge amount of salt water,
which we cannot use for industrial purpose. Latest equipments are coming out to market
these days with good efficiency and low cost for production of sea water into fresh
water. Well we need pure quality of water i.e. De-min water for using in industries just to
avoid corrosion of industrial machineries.

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