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1. Bilingualism, Code-Switching,
Code Mixing, Pidgin, Creole
Widhiyanto
1
Subject: Topics in Applied Linguistcs

2. A bilingual person
• is someone who speaks two languages. A
person who speaks more than two languages
is called 'multlingual' (although the term
'bilingualism' can be used for both situatons).
Multlingualism isn't unusual; in fact, it's the
norm for most of the world's societes. It's
possible for a person to know and use three,
four, or even more languages fuently.

3. Code-switching
• is a term in linguistcs referring to using more than one
language or dialect in conversaton. Bilinguals, who can
speak at least two languages fuently, have the ability to
use elements of both languages when conversing with
another bilingual. What is said is syntactcally and
phonologically appropriate; that means that even if words
from another language are included into the sentence, they
will be adapted to the grammatcal rules of the frst
language. Code-switching can occur between sentences
(inter sentental) or within a single sentence
(intrasentental). Code-switching is now considered to be a
normal and natural product of interacton between the
bilingual (or multlingual) speaker's languages.

4. Code-mixing
• refers to the mixing of two or more languages or
language varietes in speech[1]. Some scholars use the
terms "code-mixing" and "code-switching" interchangeably,
especially in studies of syntax, morphology, and other
formal aspects of language.[2][3] Others assume more
specifc defnitons of code-mixing, but these specifc
defnitons may be diferent in diferent subfelds of
linguistcs, educaton theory, communicatons etc.
• Code-mixing is similar to the use or creaton of pidgins; but
while a pidgin is created across groups that do not share a
common language, code-mixing may occur within a
multlingual setng where speakers share more than one
language.

5. A pidgin language
• is a simplifed language that develops as a means of communicaton
between two or more groups that do not have a language in
common, in situatons such as trade, or where both groups speak
languages diferent from the language of the country in which they
reside (but there is no common language between the groups). A
"pidgin" language is, fundamentally, a simplifed means of linguistc
communicaton, as is constructed impromptu, or by conventon,
between groups of people. A "pidgin" language is not the natve
language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a
second language.[1][2] A "pidgin" language may be built from
words, sounds, or body language from multple other languages
and cultures. "Pidgin" languages usually have low prestge with
respect to other languages.[3]
• Not all simplifed or "broken" forms of a language (patois) are
"pidgin". Each "pidgin" language has its own norms of usage which
must be learned to speak the "pidgin" language well.

6. A creole language
• is a stable language that has originated from a
pidgin language that has been natvized (that
is, taught to children). The vocabulary of a
creole language consists of cognates from the
parent languages, though there are ofen
clear phonetc and semantc shifs. On the
other hand, the grammar ofen has original
features but may difer substantally from
those of the parent languages.