3. §Basic points about language in general
§The basic form of language is spoken
§ Everyone speaks; not everyone writes
§ Japanese writing – Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji
§Language is always evolving
§ e.g. loan words - Katakana
§Japanese has simple phonetics but
difficult grammar
4. §5 vowels, all short
§A I U E O
§But Japanese sounds come in syllables
§ka sa ta na ha ma ra
§ki shi chi ni hi mi ri
§ku su tsu nu fu mu ru
§ke se te ne he me re
§ko so to no ho mo ro
§also ya yu yo wa o n
TOTAL 46 SYLLABLES
6. §5 vowels, all short
§A I U E O
§Also vocalized variants
§(ka)+(“) →が(ga)・ぎ(gi) ・ぐ(gu)・げ(ge)
・ご(go)
§(sa)+(“) →ざ(za) ・じ(ji) ・ず(zu) ・ぜ(ze)
・ぞ(zo)
§(ta)+(“) → だ(da) ・ぢ(ji)・づ(dzu) ・で(de)
・ど(do)
§di? でぃ(De with small i)
§And “ha” line has a “p” variant: (ha)+(◦) → pa
§パ(pa) ・ぴ(pi) ・ぷ(pu) ・ぺ(pe) ・ぽ(po)
9. 1.Sebutkan angka secara berurutan
(Dari paling kecil, dari paling besar)
2.Tulislah angka yang disebutkan oleh sensei.
①
⑦ ⑨
⑩
⑧
⑤
④
③
⑥
②
10. §Greetings in the morning time:
§ おはようございます (Ohayou Gozaimasu)
§Greetings during the day:
§ こんにちは (Konichiwa)
§Greetings during the night:
§ こんばんは (Konbanwa)
§Good night:
§ おやすみなさい (Oyasuminasai)
18. ( ) です。
( ) desu.
わたしもです。
Watashi mo desu.
こんにちは。おなまえ
は?
Konichiwa, onamae wa.
なんさいですか。
Nan sai desu ka.
わたしは( ) さい
です。
Watashi wa( )sai desu.
そうですか。
Sou desu ka.
Ø とし・さい (Toshi/sai)
= Age
REVISION 2: はなしましょう
19. LET’S SING “Suuji no uta”.
ichi ni san yon go roku shichi hachi
hachi kyuu juu hachi kyuu juu
juu-ichi juu-ni juu-ichi juu-ni
o ha you kon nichi wa
kon ban wa mou ichi do
②
22. § All those vowels make words longer
§ McDonald’s becomes
§ Makudonarudo, that is, Ma-ku-do-na-ru-do
§ Confusion can ensue from lack of phonetic variation
§ A building is a birudingu, shortened to biru
§ Beer is called biiru
§ No L-R distinction; what to call Bill?
23. § the long marks over o and u
§ There’s a difference between
§ shinto (believer), and
§ Shintō (one of Japan’s religions)
§ The long marks mean that the sound of the vowel is lengthened
(not changed)
24. § The basic order of a Japanese sentence is subject⇨object⇨verb,
as in
§ Kinō watashi wa hon o kaimashita.
§ (Yesterday I bought a book.)
§ If you leave out “watashi” (I), no one is confused. Subjects are
often omitted.
§ Particles mark the function of a word
§ “wa” marks a subject, “o” an object
25. § There are particles for possession, location, etc.
§ The particle for possession is “no”
§ Kore wa watashi no hon desu.
§ Mitsubishi jidōsha no Tanaka desu.
§ possessive, or “of”
26. § Japan’s social hierarchy is reflected in speech patterns
§ How you speak depends on who you are talking to
§ Indicates both relative status and familiarity
§ Polite forms are typically longer and more complicated
27. § Japanese has characters representing both sound and meaning
§ Sounds are written with the “kana” syllabaries (they represent
syllables)
§ Hiragana
§ Katakana
§ Follow the A I U E O pattern
28. § Used mostly for word inflections
§ Japanese is an inflected language
§ あ か さ た な は ま や ら
§ い き し ち に ひ み り
§ う く す つ ぬ ふ む ゆ る
§ え け せ て ね へ め れ
§ お こ そ と の ほ も よ ろ
§ Also wa わ o を n ん
§ Hiragana is “loopy” looking
29. § Used mostly for foreign words
§ ア カ サ タ ナ ハ マ ヤ ラ
§ イ キ シ チ ニ ヒ ミ リ
§ ウ ク ス ツ ヌ フ ム ユ ル
§ エ ケ セ テ ネ ヘ メ レ
§ オ コ ソ ト ノ ホ モ ヨ ロ
§ Also wa ワ o ヲ n ン
§ Katagana is “squarish” looking
30. § Changing “ha” to “ba” for example
§は becomes ば
§ Paris パリand Bali バリ
§ What about a word like Kyōto?
§ How do we write the “Kyō” sound
§ Kyōto is written きょうと
31. § Ideographic or pictographic characters
§ another borrowing from China
§ called kanji
§ By the end of High school, a person is supposed to know about
1,970 characters
§ Writing words in kanji saves confusion
§ Many homophones
32. § Some Kanji are simple
§ Mountain is 山(yama)
§ one (1) is 一; two is 二; three is 三
§ but four is 四
§ some are complicated!
§hibiki 響
33. § All from the “50 Chinese characters” in the reading
§一二三四五六七八九十
§日月火水木金土山目人
§ You will only be required to recognize them
34.
35. § Japanese is phonetically simple
§ A I U E O and the other syllables
§ Sentence structure:
§ subject⇨object⇨verb
§ word functions marked by particles
§ kinō watashi wa hon o kaimashita
§ Three writing systems
§ hiragana, katakana, kanji; mixed together
§昨日私は本を買いました。