Prezentacja do referatu wygłoszonego na konferencji OMIS 2021, w którym podjęta została próba określenia nowego sylabusa nauczania pisma japońskiego na kierunkach filologicznych, z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych technologii.
Prezentacja ukazująca innowacyjne podejście do metodyki nauczania pisma japońskiego, obalająca stereotypy i kładąca nacisk na efektywność oraz umiejętności przydatne studentowi w dalszej pracy zawodowej z językiem japońskim.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
Prezentacja ukazująca innowacyjne podejście do metodyki nauczania pisma japońskiego, obalająca stereotypy i kładąca nacisk na efektywność oraz umiejętności przydatne studentowi w dalszej pracy zawodowej z językiem japońskim.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Jak zanurzyć studenta w świecie kanji?
1. JAK ZANURZYĆ STUDENTA W
ŚWIECIE KANJI?
Projekt innowacyjnego sylabusa nauczania pisma japońskiego z wykorzystaniem
nowoczesnych technologii
Dr Krzysztof Olszewski
Uniwersytet Śląski
2. JAK TO SIĘ ZACZĘŁO?
Shingai Meitekken (471)
Najstarsza zachowana na
wyspach inskrypcja na mieczach
żelaznych
Obecny tzw. kana kanji majiri bun
“zawdzięczamy” … mnichom
buddyjskim z okresu Kamakura.
3. CZY PISMO LOGOGRAFICZNE JEST
TRUDNE?
W opinii większości uczących się, materiałów dydaktycznych to największa trudność
japońskiego (prof. Kotański tak „zachęcał” do studiów japonistycznych na UW w latach
70-tych XX w.: „jest tak trudno, że jedna studentka przez to pismo sobie nawet wzrok
popsuła” – antyreklama ?)
Nierzadkie są prośby np. na korepetycjach, by uczyć tego języka … bez kanji, czy nawet
tylko w transkrypcji.
Kanji („znaki chińskie” jak się czasem jeszcze mówi) zdecydowanie zasługują na
odczarowanie!
4. W CZYM TKWIĄ TRUDNOŚCI?
STUDIUM ZNAKU 風 WIATR, STYL
1 znak, 2 czytania, 4
złożenia
Czy to wszystko?
Czy da się robić
20-30
znaków/tydzień?
5. 『新漢英字典』 JACKA HALPERNA
+ dokończenie hasła na drugiej stronie
11 znaczeń, 54 złożenia
Świetnie opracowane słowotwórstwo
6. 『漢英熟語リバース字典』 M. SPAHN,
W. HADAMITZKY
Maksymalistyczny (245 złożeń ze znakiem 風)
Ciekawy sposób uszeregowania znaków (łatwiejszy, niż
bushu)
Można wyszukiwać złożenia, gdzie dany znak jest na 2.,
czy nawet 3. pozycji (tej funkcjonalności nie ma w innych
słownikach)
7. 学研『新漢和大字典』
Kopalnia informacji (słownik Gakkena
ma około 23 tys. znaków):
• Alternatywne formy znaku
• Stara forma znaku
• Czytania
• Czytania w czasach różnych dynastii
chińskich
• Znaczenia (9 rzeczownikowo, 2 w
użyciu czasownikowym)
• Etymologia, rodzaj logogramu
• Formy archaiczne (na kościach,
naczyniach z brązu, duże i małe
pismo pieczęciowe)
• Złożenia z wyjaśnieniami – 203
8. KANJI „WYMYKAJĄ SIĘ”
STANDARYZACJI
• O 1 logogramie można by zrobić … cykl zajęć przez semestr
• Do tego dochodzą jeszcze umiejętności manualne – umiejętność pisania znaków,
znajomość kolejności kresek (przydaje się np. przy próbie stosowania pisma
półkursywnego, czy czytania takiego), sposób prowadzenia kresek (8 rodzajów
kresek w japońskiej kaligrafii) – czy to jest jeszcze potrzebne w XXI w.?
• Prof. R. Huszcza stwierdził w jednej z prac, że „kompetencja kanji to kompetencja
leksykalna, a nie tylko grafemiczna”
• Z drugiej strony studenci chcieliby się jak najszybciej nauczyć tego obowiązującego
常用漢字 (2136 znaków) myśląc pewnie, że wtedy ich problemy się skończą. Jak to
pogodzić?
9. ILE ZNAKÓW TRZEBA ZNAĆ?
• A co to znaczy „znać znaki”? To jest otwarty system pisma, niemożliwe jest
opanowanie go w stopniu perfekcyjnym (a nawet zbliżenie się do perfekcjonizmu) –
tak jak można opanować np. polską ortografię
• Ujęcie maksymalistyczne – 2136 znaków nie wystarczy bynajmniej do czytania
wszystkiego (np. powieści Oe Kenzaburo), na 1. stopień Kankena (egzamin
kompetencji kanji) trzeba znać ok. 6500 znaków, wykształcony Japończyk (humanista
?) zna około 3000 znaków
• Ujęcie minimalistyczne – najczęstsze 200 kanji pokrywa 50% tekstów
pierwsze 500 kanji pokrywa 75-80% tekstów
jeśli znasz 1000 kanji, przeczytasz 90% tekstów
znajomość 2000 kanji pozwoli zrozumieć aż 98%
(badanie 国立国語研究所 z 1963)
10. MOŻE WIĘC ZNAKÓW NIE JEST ZA
DUŻO?
• Tylko trzeba skończyć z podejściem perfekcjonistycznym … na rzecz budowania
głębokich asocjacji, wzmacniania samodzielności studenta
• Mori (2012) rozprawia się z 5 mitami w nauczaniu kanji – wymieńmy 3:
a) Czytanie po japońsku jest niezwykle trudne – i tak, i nie. Nie wszystkie teksty służą
do czytania na głos (zwłaszcza teksty prasowe), Sakamoto (1960) i Makita (1973)
pokazali badając ruch gałek ocznych, że studenci percepują tekst w kanji-kanie
szybciej, niż w samej kanie. Trudności powoduje duży stopień skomplikowania czytań z
powodu wielosystemowości jap.: Tajima (1989) pokazuje, że 60,1% jouyou kanji mają 2
czytania on i kun, 37,9 % ma tylko on i 2% znaków ma tylko kun (tzw. kokuji)
11. b) Znaki są przejrzyste semantycznie – można się domyślić znaczenia złożenia znając znaczenie znaków
składowych. Niekoniecznie
Dlaczego 婿 zięć ma klucz „kobieta”?
Znak 手 ma inne znaczenie w: 手話 język migowy, a zupełnie inne w 運転手 szofer
Znak na wodę występuje jako element również w takich znakach, jak: 決 decydować、泊 nocować、活
aktywność – co mają wspólnego z wodą?
By zrozumieć, dlaczego 青春 znaczy młodość, trzeba znać symbolikę związaną z kolorem niebieskim i wiosną.
c) Ponieważ prymarną funkcją logogramów jest przekazywanie znaczenia, warstwę fonetyczną można pominąć,
nie jest tak istotna. Częściowa prawda – 60% jouyou kanji to fonoideogramy, gdzie ich czytanie jest łatwe do
zapamiętania. Są badania, że przetwarzanie kanji również ewokuje komponent fonetyczny – czytanie
„szeptane” pomaga w rozumieniu tekstu w kanjach (Shimizu, Green, 2002).
12. KLASYCZNA, TRADYCYJNA
METODYKA KANJI
Bazując na takich podręcznikach, jak Basic Kanji Book, czy Kanji in Context student
powinien opanować:
• Sposób pisania znaku, kolejność kresek, ich geometrię
• Znać bushu (klucz, pod którym znak był w słownikach tradycyjnych)
• Znać czytania i znaczenie (znaczenia) znaku
• Znać złożenia (zwykle 4-10) zamieszczane przy danym znaku wraz z ich
tłumaczeniami
• Umieć czytać (i tłumaczyć) zdania oraz krótkie teksty przy każdej lekcji
• W niektórych podręcznikach (np. Wydawnictwa Nozomi) umieć jeszcze
transkrybować zdania / teksty z romaji na kana-kanji majiri bun
13. CZY TO WYSTARCZY?
• Nie! Tak naprawdę do jednego znaku student powinien opanować: znaczenia,
reprezentację fonetyczną (często uwarunkowaną kontekstowo, np. 市場 shijou,
ichiba), budowę słowotwórczą złożeń, ich funkcje gramatyczne, prototypowe i
idiomatyczne użycia
• Czy da się to robić w tempie 10 znaków/tydzień, 30 znaków/tydzień?
• Po co transkrybować z romaji? Romaji jest kompletnie nieprzejrzyste, a pewna
przejrzystość semantyczna jest warunkiem sine qua non użycia logogramów – por.
encyklopedia 『広辞苑』 wyd. 6 podaje … 19 złożeń czytanych こうえん
• Czy w XXI w. jeszcze trzeba kłaść tak duży nacisk na pisanie odręczne? Zupełnie
inaczej przedstawia się kompetencja kanji, gdy pisze za nas elektronika
14. ISTOTNE TRUDNOŚCI
• Wiele słów nie pojawia się w szerszym kontekście, student nie jest w stanie przenieść
ich do pamięci długotrwałej (rozwiązanie: nauka z Memrise)
• Studenci mają silne przekonanie, że uczą się jakby … „drugiego języka”. Owszem,
język pisany ma swoją specyfikę, wiele form pisanych i tematy z nimi związane nie
będą nigdy ćwiczonych np. na konwersacji, ale czy zasadne jest przeciążanie
studenta balastem leksykalnym bez szerszego kontekstu.
15.
16. W GRUNCIE RZECZY O CO CHODZI?
• By przeczytać tekst (dowolnej długości: od szyldu, ogłoszenia, maila od klienta, smsa
po … powieść) i wyłowić z niego potrzebną nam treść
• By samodzielnie wygenerować proste teksty użytkowe (notkę dla współlokatora w
akademiku, maila, CV, podanie o pracę …)
• Wszystko inne to tylko nadbudowa metajęzykowa
17. UCZYĆ ZNAKÓW NA MIARĘ XXI W.
Model idealny:
1. Student dostaje tekst (interesujący, aktualny, w miarę możliwości autentyczny)
2. Umie ocenić (z pomocą wykładowcy), czy tekst jest na jego poziomie
3. Student (np. w metodyce odwróconej klasy – flipped classroom) przetwarza sobie
nowe znaki w tym tekście, umie je odnieść do już opanowanego materiału
4. Na innych modułach otrzymuje podobne treści, co sprzyja utrwaleniu materiału
(np. przy 都道府県 – na konwersacji planowanie podróży przy pomocy
skonfigurowanych połączeń z Ekitan)
5. Temat kończy się projektem (metoda projektów), np. ułóż plan wycieczki po
Japonii – gwarancja, że zapamiętają pisownię nazw prefektur
Model idealny jest niestety dość trudny w realizacji.
18. ODCZARUJMY KANJI
• Kanji to najszybsze pismo świata
• Najlepiej przystosowane do … naszego mózgu. Uruchamiamy prawą półkulę,
budujemy głębokie asocjacje, widzimy, gdzie w tekście skoncentrowana jest
informacja, możemy dokonać delimitacji tekstu pisanego bez spacji
• Skoro doskonale rozumiemy takie ideogramy / piktogramy:
To dlaczego niby mamy nie rozumieć: 議i
nie rozpoznawać grafemicznie.
• Gry słowne oparte na kanjach, por. nazwa ery 令和 jako manifest polityczny wobec Chin
19. BAWMY SIĘ KANJI
• Tak, na uniwersytecie też
• Testy na Quizlet
• Memrise
• Polecajmy dobre słowniki (nie Japoński
Pomocnik !!!)
• Chmury słów
• Inne
20. MOŻE ISTOTA TKWI NIE W ILOŚCI, A
W JAKOŚCI?
• Zamiast pędu do jouyou kanji … ciekawe teksty i zainteresowanie językiem
• Pokazywanie studentom elastyczności, pewnej labilności tego systemu:
• Czerpanie z różnych gatunków (piosenka, manga, plakat, szyldy informacyjne, eleganckie
zaproszenia)
Tłum. „Lalki” na jap. (『人形』関口時正): „podłe Szwabisko” – 「シュヴァプ野郎」