1. ISRO Summer Internship 2016 Project
A Project On
“Web Mapping
Application to
Map Hospitals“
By:
Pranavchaturvedi 0677
NehaMathur0513
Rahul Jangid 0091
Kriti Jain 0748
Ayush Sharma 0215
HarmeenKaur1193
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our first experience of project has been successfully, thanks to the support staff of
many friends & colleagues with gratitude.
We wish to acknowledge all of them. However, we wish to make special
mention of the following .First Of all we are thankful of our project guide Mr Gaurav
under whose guideline we were able to complete our project.
We are wholeheartedly thankful to her for giving us her value able time &
attention & for providing us a systematic way for completing our project in time
.We must make special mention of Mr.GAURAV, our project in charge for their
co-operation & assistance in solving a technical problem.
We would thank to our H.O.D. Dr. RAJESH PUROHIT & all lab maintenance staff
for proving us assistance in various h/w& s/w problem encountered during course of
our project. We are also very thankful to respective DEAN Dr.KAMLESH PUROHIT
sir who gave us an opportunity to present this project.
Participates
Pranavchaturvedi 0677
Rahul Jangid 0091
Kriti Jain 0748
Ayush Sharma 0215
NehaMathur0513
HarmeenKaur1193
3. MBM Engineering College Jodhpur
Certificate
This is to certify that following students
Name of Students Enroll No
1.PranavChaturvedi 0677
4.Rahul Jangid 0091
3.Kriti Jain 0748
4.Ayush Sharma 0215
5.Neha Mathur 0513
6.Harmeen Kaur 1193
Of IInd year have successfully completed their project work on “Web
MappingApplicationto Map Hospitals“ of MBM Engineering College
Jodhpur.
(DR. RAJESH PUROHIT) (Mr. GAURAV)
Date:
Place: Jodhpur
4. Contents
1. IntroductionOf ISRO
2. IntroductionOf The Project
3. SDLC Model
4. User Requirements
5. ToolsUsed
6. Database
7. OSM
8. Result
9. Scope of Improvement
10. Bibliography
5. Introduction Of ISRO
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is an Indian space research agency
which has been successful in launching various space vehicles since its
formation.
It is an esteemed organization responsible for space research, which is controlled
by the government of India and has over the years attained an enviable position
of being one of the most prestigious and leading space research organizations in
the world.
ISRO till date has successfully conducted different kinds of operations under the
guidance of the Indian scientific community. In the last four decades they have
been serving Indian and foreign clients with the help of their launch vehicle fleet.
ISRO has over the years built many field installations and works together with
the international space research community on many important bilateral and
multilateral research agreements.
6. Introduction Of The Project
We have created an attractive MyHospitals website which will help people in
locating private and public hospitals in jodhpur.
The hospitals are located on osm (openstreet map) using Openlayers which is an
open source JavaScript library for displaying map data. We can zoom in and
zoom out the map.
We have collected the data about hospitals which includes their names,
addresses, latitudes and longitudes of their locations. Data is stored in database.
The locations of hospitals are shown using red markers and pop-up is shown
whenever you click on the marker. Also a yellow marker is pointing at our
college location M.B.M Engineering College. Also additional pages are their
which consists of hospitals name, image and some brief information about each
hospital.
7. SDLC
SDLC, Software Development Life Cycle is a process used by software industry to
design, develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC aims to produce a high
quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion
within times and cost estimates.
SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle.
It is also called as Software development process.
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at
each step in the software development process.
ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for software life-cycle processes. It aims to be
the standard that defines all the tasks required for developing and maintaining software.
What is SDLC?
SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It
consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or
enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the
quality of software and the overall development process.
The following figure is a graphical representation of the various stages of a typical
SDLC.
8. A typical Software Development life cycle consists of the following stages:
9. Our Projectis a Combination of these 2 Models:
V Model and IterativeModel
The Development was as follows:
1. OSM Map Creation
2. Mapping Numerous Hospitals
3. Creation of database(InnoDb which has a supportof XtraDb in it)
4. Marking the Pointers for each Hospital on the map
5. Displaying the Popup Content on the User Search
6. Creating an Attractive web page for User requirement
7. Linkage of Database with Our Map
10. Tools Used
The tools used are
HTML AND CSS
PHP
OPENLAYERS
HTML AND CSS
(HyperTextMarkup Language)
HyperTextMarkup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup language used to
create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web
pages,[1] as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. Web browsers can read HTML
files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a
websitesemantically and, before the advent of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), included cues for the
presentation or appearance of the document (web page), making it a markup language, rather than a
programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML allows images and other objects to be
embedded and it can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents
by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items.
HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input />
introduce content into the page directly. Others such as <p>...</p> surround and provide information about
document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use
them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web
pages. HTML markup can also refer the browser to Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) to define the look and
11. layout of text and other material. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML
and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.[2]
PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose
programming language. Originally created by RasmusLerdorf in 1994,[4] the PHP reference implementation
is now produced by The PHP Group.[5] PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page,[4] but it now stands
for the recursivebackronymPHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.[6]
PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template
systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP
interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be
any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a
command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalonegraphical applications.[7]
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP
License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating
system and platform, free of charge.[8]
The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the
canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP
specification.[9]
During the 2010s there have been increased efforts towards standardisation and code sharing in PHP
applications by projects such as PHP-FIG in the form of PSR-initiatives as well as Composer dependency
manager and the Packagist repository.
JAVASCRIPT
Features[edit]
The following features are common to all conforming ECMAScript implementations, unless explicitly specified
otherwise.
Imperative and structured[edit]
JavaScript supports much of the structured programming syntax
from C (e.g., if statements, while loops, switch statements, do while loops, etc.). One partial exception
isscoping: JavaScript originally had only function scoping with var. ECMAScript 2015 adds a let keyword for
block scoping, meaning JavaScript now has both function and block scoping. Like C, JavaScript makes a
distinction between expressions and statements. One syntactic difference from C is automatic semicolon
insertion, which allows the semicolons that would normally terminate statements to be omitted.[29]
Dynamic[edit]
Typing
As with most scripting languages, JavaScript is dynamically typed; a type is associated with each value,
rather than just with each expression. For example, a variable that is at one time bound to a number may
later be re-bound to a string.[30]
JavaScript supports various ways to test the type of an object,
including duck typing.[31]
12. Run-time evaluation
JavaScript includes an eval function that can execute statements provided as strings at run-time.
Prototype-based (Object-oriented)
JavaScript is almost entirely object-based. In JavaScript, an object is an associative array, augmented
with a prototype (see below); each string key provides the name for an object property, and there are
two syntactical ways to specify such a name: dot notation (obj.x = 10) and bracket notation
(obj['x'] = 10). A property may be added, rebound, or deleted at run-time. Most properties of an
object (and any property that belongs to an object's prototype inheritance chain) can be enumerated
using a for...inloop.
JavaScript has a small number of built-in objects, including Function and Date.
Prototypes
JavaScript uses prototypes where many other object-oriented languages use classes for inheritance.[32]
It
is possible to simulate many class-based features with prototypes in JavaScript.[33]
Functions as object constructors
Functions double as object constructors along with their typical role. Prefixing a function call with new will
create an instance of a prototype, inheriting properties and methods from the constructor (including
properties from the Object prototype).[34]
ECMAScript 5 offers the Object.create method, allowing
explicit creation of an instance without automatically inheriting from the Object prototype (older
environments can assign the prototype to null).[35]
The constructor's prototype property determines
the object used for the new object's internal prototype. New methods can be added by modifying the
prototype of the function used as a constructor. JavaScript's built-in constructors, such
as Array or Object, also have prototypes that can be modified. While it is possible to modify
the Object prototype, it is generally considered bad practice because most objects in JavaScript will
inherit methods and properties from the Object prototype and they may not expect the prototype to be
modified.[36]
Functions as methods
Unlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function definition and
a method definition. Rather, the distinction occurs during function calling; when a function is called as a
method of an object, the function's local this keyword is bound to that object for that invocation.
Functional[edit]
A function is first-class; a function is considered to be an object. As such, a function may
have properties and methods, such as .call() and .bind().[37]
A nested function is a
function defined within another function. It is created each time the outer function is invoked.
In addition, each nested function forms a lexical closure: The lexical scope of the outer
function (including any constant, local variable, or argument value) becomes part of the
internal state of each inner function object, even after execution of the outer function
concludes.[38]
JavaScript also supports anonymous functions.
Delegative[edit]
JavaScript supports implicit and explicit delegation.
Functions as Roles (Traits and Mixins)
JavaScript natively supports various function-based implementations of Role[39]
patterns
like Traits[40][41]
and Mixins.[42]
Such a function defines additional behavior by at least one method bound to
13. the this keyword within its function body. A Role then has to be delegated explicitly
via call or apply to objects that need to feature additional behavior that is not shared via the prototype
chain.
Object Composition and Inheritance
Whereas explicit function-based delegation does cover composition in JavaScript, implicit delegation
already happens every time the prototype chain is walked in order to, e.g., find a method that might be
related to but is not directly owned by an object. Once the method is found it gets called within this
object's context. Thus inheritance in JavaScript is covered by a delegation automatism that is bound to
the prototype property of constructor functions.
Miscellaneous[edit]
Run-time environment
JavaScript typically relies on a run-time environment (e.g., a Web browser) to provide objects and
methods by which scripts can interact with the environment (e.g., a webpage DOM). It also relies on the
run-time environment to provide the ability to include/import scripts (e.g., HTML <script> elements).
This is not a language feature per se, but it is common in most JavaScript implementations.
JavaScript processes messages from a queue one at a time. Upon loading a new message, JavaScript
calls a function associated with that message, which creates a call stack frame (the
function's arguments and local variables). The call stack shrinks and grows based on the function's
needs. Upon function completion, when the stack is empty, JavaScript proceeds to the next message in
the queue. This is called the event loop, described as "run to completion" because each message is fully
processed before the next message is considered. However, the language's concurrency
model describes the event loop as non-blocking: program input/output is performed
using events andcallback functions. This means, for instance, that JavaScript can process a mouse click
while waiting for a database query to return information.[43]
Variadic functions
An indefinite number of parameters can be passed to a function. The function can access them
through formal parameters and also through the local arguments object.Variadic functions can also be
created by using the bind method.
Array and object literals
Like many scripting languages, arrays and objects (associative arrays in other languages) can each be
created with a succinct shortcut syntax. In fact, these literals form the basis of the JSON data format.
Regular expressions
JavaScript also supports regular expressions in a manner similar to Perl, which provide a concise and
powerful syntax for text manipulation that is more sophisticated than the built-in string functions.[44]
Related languages and features[edit]
JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is a general-purpose data interchange format that is defined as a subset of
JavaScript's object literal syntax. Like much of JavaScript (regexps and anonymous functions as 1st class
elements, closures, flexible classes, 'use strict'), JSON, except for replacing Perl's key-value operator '=>' by
an RFC 822[100]
inspired ':', is syntactically pure Perl.
jQuery is a popular JavaScript library designed to simplify DOM-oriented client-side HTML scripting along with
offering cross-browser compatibility because various browsers respond differently to certain vanilla JavaScript
code.
14. Underscore.js is a utility JavaScript library for data manipulation that is used in both client-side and server-side
network applications.
Mozilla browsers currently support LiveConnect, a feature that allows JavaScript and Java to intercommunicate
on the Web. However, Mozilla-specific support for LiveConnect is scheduled to be phased out in the future in
favor of passing on the LiveConnect handling via NPAPI to the Java 1.6+ plug-in (not yet supported on the Mac
as of March 2010).[101]
Most browser inspection tools, such as Firebug in Firefox, include JavaScript interpreters
that can act on the visible page's DOM.
asm.js is a subset of JavaScript that can be run in any JavaScript engine or run faster in an ahead-of-time (AOT)
compiling engine.[102]
JSFuck is an esoteric programming language. Programs are written using only six different characters, but are
still valid JavaScript code.
p5.js[103]
is an object oriented JavaScript library designed for artists and designers. It is based on the ideas of
the Processing project but is for the web.
OPENLAYERS
OpenLayers is an open source JavaScript library for displaying map data in web browsers. It provides an API
for building rich web-based geographic applications similar to Google Maps and Bing Maps. The library was
originally based on the Prototype JavaScript Framework.
OpenLayers supports GeoRSS, KML (Keyhole Markup Language), Geography Markup Language (GML),
GeoJSON and map data from any source using OGC-standards as Web Map Service (WMS) or Web Feature
Service (WFS).
OpenLayers was created by MetaCarta after the O'Reilly Where 2.0 conference[3] of June 29–30, 2005,[4]
and released as open source software before the Where 2.0 conference of June 13–14, 2006, by MetaCarta
Labs. Two other open-source mapping tools released by MetaCarta are FeatureServer and TileCache. Since
November 2007, OpenLayers has been an Open Source Geospatial Foundation project.[5]
15. DATABASE
A database-management system(DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and set of
programs to access those data.The collection is usually referred to as the Database,contains
information relevant to an enterprise.Theprimary goal of a DBMS is to providea way to
storeand retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.
Databasesystems aredesigned to manage large bodies of information. Management of
data involves both defining structures for storageof information and providing mechanisms
for the manipulation of information. In addition, the database system mustensurethe
safety of the information stored, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized
access. If data are to be shared among several users, thesystem must avoid possible
anomalous results.
Because information is so importantin mostorganizations, computer scientists have
developed a large body of concepts and techniques for managing data.
Databaseused is InnoDB. InnoDBis a storageengine for MySQL. Itprovides the standard
ACID-complianttransaction features, along with foreign key support(Declarative
Referential Integrity).
A relational databaseis based on the relational model and uses a collection of tables to
representboth data and the relationships amoung those data. Italso includes a DML (Data
Manipulation Language)and DDL(Data Definition Language).Mostcommercialdatabase
systems employ the SQL language.
16. TABLES
Each table has multiple columns and each column has a unique name. Itcontains
fixed number of fields and attritutes.
The table made in this projectis ‘hospital’ table. For example the hospital is identified
by SNo 7 is named Mahatma GandhiHospital, has address MG Hospital Road
OppositeMehta Medical, Jalori Gate and latitude and longitude of that place.
Entity-RelationshipDiagrams
An E-R diagramcan express the overall logical structureof a databasegraphically.E-R
diagrams are simple and clear.
E-R diagram corresponding to hospital table
hospital
SNo
Name
Address
Lng
Lat
Phno
17. Such a diagram consists of the followingmajor componentsare:
• Rectangles, which represententity sets
• Ellipses, which represent attributes
• Diamonds, which representrelationship sets
• Lines, which link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets
• Doubleellipses, which represent multivalued attributes
• Dashed ellipses, which denote derived attributes
• Doublelines, which indicate total participation of an entity in a relationship set
• Doublerectangles, which representweak entity sets
Some Important terms:
a. Rectangle -- Entity
b. Ellipses -- Attribute (underlined attributes are [part of] the primary key)
c. Double ellipses -- multi-valued attribute
d. Dashedellipses--derived attribute, e.g. age is derivable from birthdate and current
date.
e. Superkey: an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies an entity--there can
be many of these
f. Composite key: a key requiring more than one attribute
g. Candidate key: a superkey such that no propersubsetof its attributes is also a
superkey (minimal superkey – has no unnecessary attributes)
h. Primary key: the candidate key chosen to be used for identifying entities and
accessing records. Unless otherwise noted "key" means "primary key"
i. Alternate key: a candidate key not used for primary key
j. Secondarykey: attribute or set of attributes commonly used for accessing records, but
not necessarily unique
k. Foreignkey: term used in relational databases (but not in the E-R model) for an
attribute that is the primary key of another table and is used to establish a relationship
with that table where it appears as an attribute also.
A superkey of an entity set is a set of one more attributes that are taken collectively
allows us to identify uniquely an entity in the entity set.We choosea minimal superkey for
each entity set fromamoungs the superkeys,theminimalsuperkey is termed as Primary
Key. The ‘SNo’ is primary key for the given table ’hospital’.
SQL(StructuredQuery Language)
The database systems requires a query language that is moreuser friendly.SQL
defines the structureof the data, modify data in the databaseand specify
security constraints.
18. The SQL languageshas several parts:
SQL language is divided into four types of primary language statements:
DML, DDL, DCL and TCL. Using these statements, we can define the
structure of a database by creating and altering database objects,and we
can manipulate data in a table through updates or deletions.
The query processor components include :
• DDL interpreter, which interprets DDL statements and records the
definitions in the data dictionary.
• DML compiler, which translates DML statements in a query
language into an evaluation plan consisting of low-level instructions
that the query evaluation engine understands. A query can usually be
translated into any of a number of alternative evaluation plans that all
give the same result. The DML compiler also performs query
optimization, that is, it picks the lowest cost evaluation plan from
among the alternatives.
• Query evaluation engine, which executes low-level instructions
generated by the DML compiler.
Transaction Control Language(TCL)commands are used to manage
transactions in database.These are used to manage the changes made
by DML statements.It also allows statements to be grouped together
into logical transactions.
19. OSM (OpenStreetMap)
Browsing the Map
To browse OpenStreetMap, open the www.openstreetmap.org homepage. This viewer allows you to Find Places
by name (see next section) and/or to zoom in and scroll around our world map.
To zoom in click the plus icon (1) in the top-right or press your keyboard's plus (+) key. This will zoom
towards the centre of the currently displayed map.
Holding down shift while clicking zooms by three levels.
You can also zoom in with your mouse's scroll wheel, by double-clicking on the map. This will zoom
towards the current mouse pointer position.
You could also zoom in by holding down the shift key and dragging a box with your mouse over the area
you want to zoom in on.
If you have a multi-touch device you can use zoom and pinch gestures to zoom the map in or out.
To zoom out click the minus icon (2) in the top-right or the minus (-) key or use your mouse's scroll wheel.
Shift-click also works here.
To pan and scroll around simply drag the map with your mouse or use the arrowkeys.
To centre the map where you are (on the geolocation supplied by your browser) click the arrow icon (3).
You will see a general coastal layout of countries at high zoom levels, but as you zoom in, you can find roads
and all sorts of other details which we have in our data.
Finding Places
In the search box appearing beside the map (10), enter the name of a town/city/road, a shop's name, or
combined searches like "bakery tour Eiffel", "fast food Piraeus" etc. – see Nominatim for more information.
20. Change layers on the homepage by clicking the layers icon (4)
Layers
You can switch between different "layers" offering different views of the same mapping data. Do this by clicking
the layers icon (4)
The layer called "Standard" is the default. "Cycle Map", "Transport Map", "MapQuest Open" and "Humanitarian"
are alternatives. The styles look quite different. Which is better, is often a matter of personal preference. These
views are rendered in different ways (being turned from raw data into a map image), although all of these
use Mapnik software. Because the layers are running on different server infrastructure with different set-ups, one
layer may be more out-of-date compared to another (recently mapped roads not showing up).
For the "Standard" layer there is a basic key available showing how different types of primitives (mainly roads)
on the map are rendered. Click the "i" icon (5) to bring it up. For a more complete list of how OSM renders
different features in the Standard layer see Standard tile layer.
21. Newcomers should also note that it is in the nature of OpenStreetMap that there are many many other
designs of maps available elsewhere if the small selection on www.openstreetmap.org don't appeal. They are all
based on the same OSM data. A good point to start discovering may be List of OSM-based services.
In the 'layers' sidebar (4), you can also tick 'notes' to view any notes which people may have placed on the
map here. If there are any, you will see markers appear. Click the markers to read the notes.
To add a new note to the map, use the notes button (7)
Map Data layer
In the 'layers' sidebar (4), you can also tick 'data' to activate the data browser. This gives you a view of the
underlying data, allowing you to select the elements and view their tag data, and editing history. Similar
features are also available within the editors (See Editing). This view is read-only. It is a JavaScript interface
which requires a powerful up-to-date web browser, but does not require flash support.
There is also an easier data interface: use the query features tool by clicking the ? (11). Then click a spot in
the map to see which data elements are at this spot.
Sharing a link to the maps
If you do not know OpenStreetMap already, open this link in a new tab and have a look at the beginning of
this page.
You can show something on the OSM map to somebody (share it) by …
using the Share Panel (6) (see Adding a Marker below) or by
copying the URL from your browser's address bar (8) and pasting it, for example, in an e-mail to send.
By using (clicking) that URL, the recipient will see the same map as you see (with any optional
highlighting you made to show a feature).
Optional highlights are shown …
if you search (10) for something and click on a result,
if you click on ? (11), hover it and click over some spot and click on one of the nearby results,
if you add a marker (see section Adding a Marker below).
Technically, the URL is dynamically modified as you pan around and is constructed like described in
the section Other URL tricks below.
22. Adding a Marker
Finer steps to generate a link with a marker
Another option on the 'share' panel is to share a map URL which will cause it to show a marker.
Zoom/pan to the approximate area you require.
Open the 'share' panel (6 in top image)/(1 inright image here)
Tick the "Include marker" box to add a marker. (2)
Pan the map or drag the marker, to position it precisely (3)
Zoom out (e.g. by clicking the minus button) if you wish to share a map of the wider area
Select 'Link' or 'Short Link' in the right-hand side box (4)
Click into the URL box directly below the buttons, the URL will get selected automatically (5), copy the
URL (e.g. by right click and "copy") (6)
Paste your URL into a new browser window to test it
Paste your URL elsewhere to share it.
Short links
OpenStreetMap supports highly compact short URLs which can be generated from the 'share' panel (6).
Short links are great for emailing, tweeting, and otherwise sharing map links in situations where a long URL
can cause problems. They redirect to the longer type of the URL described above. Note that these short
links are case sensitive and contain I, l and 1. In some fonts these characters can be difficult to distinguish.
For more about how the feature works see Shortlink.
Other URL tricks
Note that some URL parameters may not be supported long term. We offer no guarantees.
The URL is constructed like this:
http[s]://www.openstreetmap.org
[/node|way|relation/<number>[/history[#<version>]]]
/?
23. [&mlat=<latitude>&mlon=<longitude>]
[#map=<zoom level>/<latitude>/<longitude>]
[&bbox=<min longitude>,<min latitude>,<max
longitude>,<max latitude>]
[&layers=<layer code>]
The parameters mlat and mlon are used to indicate the position of the red marker. Please note that
your marker may be outside the shown map part.
The layer URL parameter takes a special Layer Code representing your layer selection. The
parameter is optional and if you leave it out, we will default to showing our "standard" map style.
27. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT
Elaborate these
More number of hospitals
Facilities availableineachhospital. Detaileddata.
More precise andaccurate location
Can show nearing hospitals fromuser’s location.
Navigation
More detailedroadmap
