The document summarizes research on whether society is willing to pay more for cancer prevention and treatment compared to other health issues. Some evidence suggests people prioritize reducing cancer deaths over other causes. However, other studies challenge this "cancer premium" and found no difference in willingness to pay for cancer versus non-cancer diseases. The evidence overall is inconclusive on whether a higher societal value is placed specifically on cancer healthcare.
This project explored whether an aligned, forward-looking health technology assessment (HTA) process exists, or can be established. The areas of interest for modern HTA systems were identified and explored in terms of ‘future directions’, namely the HTA good practice principles that are debated or that pose implementation challenges. Based on conversations with HTA experts from high- and middle-income countries, we concluded that an aligned, modern, forward-looking HTA is not feasible but further research initiatives would be valuable to stimulate debate and provide clarity in these topic areas.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Margherita Neri, the Office of Health Economics, Grace Hampson, the Office of Health Economics and Adrian Towse, the Office of Health Economics
Conference/meeting: ISPOR Europe 2018
Event location: Barcelona, Spain
Date: 13 November 2018
Slides from a presentation Adrian gave on the subject of indication-based pricing at the 2018 ISPOR Europe conference in Barcelona, Spain on November 12th.
This project explored whether an aligned, forward-looking health technology assessment (HTA) process exists, or can be established. The areas of interest for modern HTA systems were identified and explored in terms of ‘future directions’, namely the HTA good practice principles that are debated or that pose implementation challenges. Based on conversations with HTA experts from high- and middle-income countries, we concluded that an aligned, modern, forward-looking HTA is not feasible but further research initiatives would be valuable to stimulate debate and provide clarity in these topic areas.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Margherita Neri, the Office of Health Economics, Grace Hampson, the Office of Health Economics and Adrian Towse, the Office of Health Economics
Conference/meeting: ISPOR Europe 2018
Event location: Barcelona, Spain
Date: 13 November 2018
Slides from a presentation Adrian gave on the subject of indication-based pricing at the 2018 ISPOR Europe conference in Barcelona, Spain on November 12th.
Real-World Data – What’s Next? by Michael Seewald, AstraZeneca for mHealth Is...Levi Shapiro
Presentation by Michael Seewald, Michael Seewald, Ph.D.
Global Head Evidence, AstraZeneca Biopharmaceuticals for mHealth Israel, October 19th, 2021.
Real-World Data is able to uncover local unmet medical need – Call to action to build Learning Healthcare Systems. Significant Variations in Care and Large Potential for Improvement. Real-World Data helps to benchmark efficient use of resources and detect “waste”. Healthcare systems need to address the problem of waste. But fundamental change is hard, and progress slow. Outcomes Transparency Improves ComplianceExample: Swedish myocardial infarction registry. Outcomes Transparency Improves Compliance. Example: Swedish myocardial infarction registry. Improving Outcomes and Creating Value will continue to guide Learning Healthcare Systems- enabled by RWD. Four technological trends as accelerators on our path. Empowered patients- Molecular screening and 24/7 monitoring driving a step change in diagnosis. Algorithmic decision-making: Artificial intelligence supports physician intelligence. Evidence-generating healthcare systemsLive insights on clinical efficacy from digital monitoring. 360° care delivery. Home replaces hospital via digital therapeutics and on-demand remote support. AstraZeneca Areas of Partnering Interest: (https://www.astrazeneca.com/partnering/our-areas-of-partnering-interest.html).
Do EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Capture the Same Changes in Quality of Life Over Tim...Office of Health Economics
Slides from a presentation given by OHE's Patricia Cubi-Molla and Paula Lorgelly on a EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L longitudinal study of cancer patients: do they capture the same changes in quality of life over time?
What's Next in RWE_Amy Rudolph_Novartis_mHealth IsraelLevi Shapiro
Overview of the
- Healthcare ecosystem complexity increasing rapidly
- Pharma industry is facing a crisis: trends shaping the industry
- RWE complements RCTs and captures implementation of innovation
- RWE is one component of the integrated evidence needed for stakeholders
- Integrated Evidence: Optimizing patient access
- Integrated Evidence: Label expansion
- Maximizing the value of data requires a scalable platform and expertise
Paul Coplan, VP, Johnson & Johnson_mHealth IsraelLevi Shapiro
Pesentation, October 19th, 2021: What’s Next in RWE for Medical Devices: The Art of the Possible. Presented by Paul Coplan, ScD, MBA, FISPE, Vice President, Med Device Epidemiology and RWD Sciences, Johnson & Johnson; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine; Fellow of the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology
- Why RWE is Important for Medical Devices: Challenges with Clinical Trials of Medical Devices (Blinding, Surgeon skill/technique, Hospital process, Product modifications, Long term Follow up, Enrolment challenges)
- Types of Real-World Data Sources (Complaints like MAUDE, Eudramed and Company Databases, Hospital Databases, Electronic Health Records, Claims, Registries, Patient surveys, Surgeon surveys, PROs, Patient Preferences, wearables, sensors, social media, Surgical videos, device generated data, radiographic images)
- FDA CDRH Report on RWE Examples for Regulatory Decisions
- J&J Med Device Epidemiology & Real-World Data Sciences
- US National Evaluation System for Health Technology (NEST)
- RWE for Safety Assessments: Cobalt in Implants and at Work and Risk of Cancer
- Summary of Cobalt Exposure and All-Site Cancer Risk, by Study Type
- Comparative Effectiveness Studies Using RWE
- Summary
a. Use of RWE is important to benefit patients globally and enhance the safety and innovation of medical devices
b. Regulators are interested in using RWE for regulatory decisions but data quality and evidence needs to be regulatory grade
c. NEST has been a useful forum to advance the use of RWE for regulatory decisions in the US
d. RWE can be used for safety assessments, regulatory decisions, comparative effectiveness research, and R&D of products
di Chiara Demartini, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo
Slide utilizzate nella lecture del ciclo "La medicina di precisione: opportunità terapeutiche e responsabilità pubblica", tenuta in Fondazione Giannino Bassetti a giugno 2018.
Qui report e video: https://www.fondazionebassetti.org/it/focus/2018/08/la_sostenibilita_economica_del.html
Graham was invited to the weekly seminar series by the Royal Brompton Hospital to deliver a presentation on health economics pertinent to Respiratory medicine. They care for a large number of patients with complex lung diseases at the institution and juggle the varied issues of resource (human, structural or financial). As one of many examples, high cost drugs for treating relatively unusual conditions comes up for debate all too frequently. The audience included consultant physicians, senior and junior trainees, nurses and other allied health professionals.
Date: 7 March 2019
Location: The Royal Brompton, London, UK
Real-World Data – What’s Next? by Michael Seewald, AstraZeneca for mHealth Is...Levi Shapiro
Presentation by Michael Seewald, Michael Seewald, Ph.D.
Global Head Evidence, AstraZeneca Biopharmaceuticals for mHealth Israel, October 19th, 2021.
Real-World Data is able to uncover local unmet medical need – Call to action to build Learning Healthcare Systems. Significant Variations in Care and Large Potential for Improvement. Real-World Data helps to benchmark efficient use of resources and detect “waste”. Healthcare systems need to address the problem of waste. But fundamental change is hard, and progress slow. Outcomes Transparency Improves ComplianceExample: Swedish myocardial infarction registry. Outcomes Transparency Improves Compliance. Example: Swedish myocardial infarction registry. Improving Outcomes and Creating Value will continue to guide Learning Healthcare Systems- enabled by RWD. Four technological trends as accelerators on our path. Empowered patients- Molecular screening and 24/7 monitoring driving a step change in diagnosis. Algorithmic decision-making: Artificial intelligence supports physician intelligence. Evidence-generating healthcare systemsLive insights on clinical efficacy from digital monitoring. 360° care delivery. Home replaces hospital via digital therapeutics and on-demand remote support. AstraZeneca Areas of Partnering Interest: (https://www.astrazeneca.com/partnering/our-areas-of-partnering-interest.html).
Do EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Capture the Same Changes in Quality of Life Over Tim...Office of Health Economics
Slides from a presentation given by OHE's Patricia Cubi-Molla and Paula Lorgelly on a EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L longitudinal study of cancer patients: do they capture the same changes in quality of life over time?
What's Next in RWE_Amy Rudolph_Novartis_mHealth IsraelLevi Shapiro
Overview of the
- Healthcare ecosystem complexity increasing rapidly
- Pharma industry is facing a crisis: trends shaping the industry
- RWE complements RCTs and captures implementation of innovation
- RWE is one component of the integrated evidence needed for stakeholders
- Integrated Evidence: Optimizing patient access
- Integrated Evidence: Label expansion
- Maximizing the value of data requires a scalable platform and expertise
Paul Coplan, VP, Johnson & Johnson_mHealth IsraelLevi Shapiro
Pesentation, October 19th, 2021: What’s Next in RWE for Medical Devices: The Art of the Possible. Presented by Paul Coplan, ScD, MBA, FISPE, Vice President, Med Device Epidemiology and RWD Sciences, Johnson & Johnson; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine; Fellow of the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology
- Why RWE is Important for Medical Devices: Challenges with Clinical Trials of Medical Devices (Blinding, Surgeon skill/technique, Hospital process, Product modifications, Long term Follow up, Enrolment challenges)
- Types of Real-World Data Sources (Complaints like MAUDE, Eudramed and Company Databases, Hospital Databases, Electronic Health Records, Claims, Registries, Patient surveys, Surgeon surveys, PROs, Patient Preferences, wearables, sensors, social media, Surgical videos, device generated data, radiographic images)
- FDA CDRH Report on RWE Examples for Regulatory Decisions
- J&J Med Device Epidemiology & Real-World Data Sciences
- US National Evaluation System for Health Technology (NEST)
- RWE for Safety Assessments: Cobalt in Implants and at Work and Risk of Cancer
- Summary of Cobalt Exposure and All-Site Cancer Risk, by Study Type
- Comparative Effectiveness Studies Using RWE
- Summary
a. Use of RWE is important to benefit patients globally and enhance the safety and innovation of medical devices
b. Regulators are interested in using RWE for regulatory decisions but data quality and evidence needs to be regulatory grade
c. NEST has been a useful forum to advance the use of RWE for regulatory decisions in the US
d. RWE can be used for safety assessments, regulatory decisions, comparative effectiveness research, and R&D of products
di Chiara Demartini, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo
Slide utilizzate nella lecture del ciclo "La medicina di precisione: opportunità terapeutiche e responsabilità pubblica", tenuta in Fondazione Giannino Bassetti a giugno 2018.
Qui report e video: https://www.fondazionebassetti.org/it/focus/2018/08/la_sostenibilita_economica_del.html
Graham was invited to the weekly seminar series by the Royal Brompton Hospital to deliver a presentation on health economics pertinent to Respiratory medicine. They care for a large number of patients with complex lung diseases at the institution and juggle the varied issues of resource (human, structural or financial). As one of many examples, high cost drugs for treating relatively unusual conditions comes up for debate all too frequently. The audience included consultant physicians, senior and junior trainees, nurses and other allied health professionals.
Date: 7 March 2019
Location: The Royal Brompton, London, UK
Analysing Research on Cancer Prevention and Survival: Recommendationsnzhempfoods
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) champions the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, nutrition and physical activity to help people make informed lifestyle choices to reduce their cancer risk.
Rethinking Value Based Healthcare
Around the world healthcare providers are busy exploring how value-based healthcare can both improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery and seed new opportunities for innovation. Continuing our collaboration with Denmark, we are very pleased to release a new perspective on how VBHC can have greater impact in practice. Based on insights from a recent event hosted by DTU Executive Business Education and undertaken in partnership with Rethink Value, this point of view looks at the key issues for patients, physicals, providers and payers.
It explores some of the associated implications for healthcare systems worldwide, highlights several leading early examples of VBHC in practice and looks at how it can have impact at scale. Recommendations focus on the structure of care, key metrics, moving beyond pilots, changes in reimbursement models and the need for greater insight sharing and deeper collaboration.
For related Future Agenda research see www.futureofpatientdata.org
Kaplan University School of Health Sciences HW315 Unit 6.docxtawnyataylor528
Kaplan University School of Health Sciences
HW315 Unit 6 Assignment
Unit 6 Assignment
There are two Assignments in this unit. Be sure to submit both as they are graded
separately.
Unit outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
Recognize the way in which public organizations, agencies, and departments develop
and employ public models to address health and wellness.
Recognize the way in which private organizations develop and employ private models to
address workplace wellness.
Course outcome assessed/addressed in this Assignment:
HW315-5: Construct models for health and wellness from a geo-political and multi-cultural
perspective.
Assignment 1: Presentation on Cancer
Instructions
Based on the reading of Chapter 12, design a Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation to educate
allied healthcare professionals as to why cancer is considered a major health problem around
the world.
The presentation should explain the following:
Burden of cancer
Economic and social costs of cancer
Risks of getting cancer
Incidence rate of cancer
Geographic diversity
Prevention methods
How the global social, and economic pressures affect cancer treatment
This Assignment needs to include a minimum of (8–12 PowerPoint slides) and include
references.
Assignment 2: Research on Public Health
What services are offered by the Public Health department in your community?
List your answers and indicate how you obtained the information. If you used a website, what is
the link? If you spoke with someone, what is the person’s name and agency?
Submitting your work:
Kaplan University School of Health Sciences
HW315 Unit 6 Assignment
Submit each Assignment to the appropriate Dropbox for Unit 6. For instructions on submitting
your work, view the Dropbox Guide located under Academic Tools at the top of your unit page.
Please be sure to download the file “Writing Center Resources” from Doc Sharing to assist you
with meeting APA expectations for written Assignments.
To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your
instructor has evaluated it. Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted work.
Unit 6 Assignment 1 Grading Rubric = 95 points
Assignment Requirements Points possible Points earned
by student
Presentation includes the following components:
Burden of cancer 0–10
Economic and social costs 0–20
Risks of getting cancer 0–10
Incidence rate and geographic diversity 0–20
Prevention methods 0–10
Global social, and economic pressures affecting
cancer treatment
0–25
Total (Sum of points earned): 95
Points deducted for spelling, grammar, and/or
APA errors:
Adjusted total points earned:
Instructor Feedback*:
Kaplan University School of Health Sciences
HW315 Unit 6 Assignment
Unit 6 Assignment 2 Grading Rubric = 10 points
Assignment Requirements Points possible Poin ...
Developing a cancer survivorship research agenda - Prof Patricia GanzIrish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Developing a cancer survivorship research agenda: challenges & opportunities - Prof Patricia Ganz, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
Lexington Health Practice 'The future of Market Access' Interactive PamphletEmily Stevenson
Lexington Health Practice recently held a breakfast event to discuss the future for market access in England. The breakfast, the first in a series, examined the Health Technology Appraisal (HTA) environment and facilitated a discussion amongst individuals who work closely with and amongst the pharmaceutical industry, examining how the mechanisms in place can be improved to ensure equitable access to medicines.
Herbal Medicine for Cancer Treatment: Main Force or Supplement_Crimson Publis...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The Estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 will be an estimated. 1.8 million new cancer cases diagnosed and 606,520 cancer deaths in the United States and there were 17 million new cases of cancer worldwide in 2018 [1]. The four most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung, female breast, bowel and prostate. A person’s risk of developing cancer depends on different factors, including age, genetics, and exposure to some potentially known carcinogens and those which are believed to be carcinogenic. Some avoidable lifestyle factors including smoking can increase cancer risk. However, cancer risk factors are similar worldwide. Insufficient exercise, alcohol, imbalanced diet, and obesity, and various infections account for a considerable proportion of cancers worldwide. Prevalence of any one of the risk factors varies in different ethnic groups and can vary by region and country, which contributes to variation of cancer incidence rates of the common types of cancer worldwide.
On 31 October 2019, Adrian Towse and Chris Henshall from the Office of Health Economics (OHE) presented at the G20 meeting on antimicrobial drugs R&D in Paris organised by the Wellcome Trust. The topic of their presentation was HTA and payment mechanisms for new drugs to tackle antimicrobial resistance.
This presentation looks at ways in which governments can set prices, including “cost plus”, value, and the external referencing of prices elsewhere. It looks at the role that competition can play in keeping down prices. In that context it briefly discusses pricing proposals being considered in Malaysia. It makes the case for using HTA to inform pricing decisions.
Adrian Towse
% GDP spending in UK, G5 countries and OECD upper middle income countries. W...Office of Health Economics
This presentation looks at rates of GDP spend on health care, distinguishing between categories of country (i.e. levels of GDP pre capita). It looks at the relationship between rates of spending and moves to universal health coverage, and explores alternative ways of increasing expenditure and making decisions about which services to provide with the money available.
The role of real world data and evidence in building a sustainable & efficien...Office of Health Economics
This presentation defines RWD and RWE in the context of digital health, and looks at potential uses for RWD and RWE. It briefly sets out the current landscape in Malaysia and looks at the challenges in using RWE. In particular, the issues of access, governance and ensuring good quality are considered.
The aim of this educational symposium was to discuss why we should seek value across the health care system and how we can apply existing research methods to measure the value of services. While considerable political attention in developed countries continues to be focused on drug spending, there is also growing awareness of the significant contribution of non-drug components of health care (e.g., hospital services and inefficient care delivery) to overall spending growth and patient affordability. At the same time, there is growing interest in making greater use of value assessment and value-based payment to control spending and better align it with care quality. In order to promote greater value, and to do so in ways that respond to the needs of payers and patients, it is essential to assess value across both drug- and non-drug interventions and health care services. This panel will offer expert viewpoints to identify and discuss gaps in value information, rationale and approaches to track and reduce system-wide low value care, and research methods for how to measure health care services.
Role Substitution, Skill Mix, and Provider Efficiency and Effectiveness : Les...Office of Health Economics
Graham participated in an organised session on Monday July 15th 2019. In the session he presented his paper with his co-author Ioannis Laliotis from the London School of Economics. The paper revisits the relationship between workforce and maternity outcomes in the English NHS in an attempt to contribute knowledge to an important policy question for which there has been a paucity of research.
This research explores the feasibility of introducing an Outcome-Based Payment approach for new cancer drugs in England. A literature review explored the current funding landscape in England, the available evidence on existing OBP schemes internationally, and
which outcomes cancer patients value most. Two focus groups and an online survey with patients and carers, as well as interviews with NHS and government stakeholders, healthcare
professionals, and pharmaceutical industry representatives, provided additional evidence on the feasibility and suitability of OBP schemes
Understanding what aspects of health and quality of life are important to peopleOffice of Health Economics
Poster presentation from the EuroQol Plenary Meeting 2019, Brussels, Belgium. By Koonal Shah, Brendan Mulhern, Patricia Cubi-Molla, Bas Janssen, and David Mott.
Koonal presented as part of an organised session on ‘moving beyond conventional economic approaches in palliative and end of life care’. He summarised the empirical evidence on the extent of pubic support for an end of life premium, before discussing some novel approaches that have been used in recent studies. His presentation was discussed by Helen Mason of Glasgow Caledonian University.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Koonal Shah, Office of Health Economics
Event: iHEA Congress
Date: 17/07/2019
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Assessing the Life-Cycle Value Added of Second Generation Antipsychotics in S...Office of Health Economics
This research presented in a poster at HTAi 2019, Cologne (Germany) by a team of OHE and IHE researchers, estimates the value added by second generation antipsychotics over their life-cycle in the UK and Sweden. It concludes that considering the entire life-cycle, the value added by SGAs to the system is higher than the expected value estimated at launch. P&R decisions should consider how to measure, capture and take into account the value added by medicines over the long-run.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Mikel Berdud (Office of Health Economics, London), Niklas Wallin-Bernhardsson (Institute for Health Economics, Stockholm), Bernarda Zamora (Office of Health Economics, London), Peter Lindgren (Institute for Health Economics, Stockholm), Adrian Towse (Office of Health Economics, London)
Event: HTAi 2019 Annual Meeting
Date: 18/06/2019
Location: Cologne, Germany
There is growing recognition that HTA and contracting systems for antimicrobials need to be adapted to help fight the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but there is little agreement on how. This poster reports findings from a literature review, expert interviews and face-to-face discussions at a Forum on the current HTA and payment systems for antibiotics across Europe and a number of recommendations for adapting these systems to respond to the challenges of AMR.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Margherita Neri (OHE) Grace Hampson (OHE) Christopher Henshall (OHE visiting fellow, independent consultant) Adrian Towse (OHE)
Event: HTAi annual conference 2019
Date: 18/06/2019
Location: Cologne, Germany
Assessing the Life-cycle Value Added of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in S...Office of Health Economics
This study aims to guide access decisions and drive the discussion on access and price, through recognition of the dynamic nature of value added by pharmaceutical innovation over the long-run. The analysis of the life-cycle value of risperidone estimates the value generated in the UK and Sweden. Results show that health systems were able to appropriate most of the life-cycle value generated, and this is larger than estimated at launch.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Mikel Berdud(1), Niklas Wallin-Bernhardsson(2), Bernarda Zamora(1), Peter Lindgren(2), and Adrian Towse(1) (1) Office of Health Economics (2) The Swedish Institute for. Health Economics
Event: XXXIX JORNADAS DE ECONOMÍA DE LA SALUD
Date: 12/06/2019
Location: Albacete, Spain
Prescribed Specialised Services (PSS) Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) schemes were launched in 2013 in England with the aim of improving the quality of specialised care and achieving value for money. During this presentation, Marina Rodes Sanchez described the key features of the schemes and discussed its strengths and weaknesses based on international pay-for-performance literature.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Yan Feng, Queen Mary University of London; Søren Rud Kristensen, Imperial College London; Paula Lorgelly, King’s College London; Rachel Meacock, University of Manchester; Marina Rodes Sanchez, Office of Health Economics; Luigi Siciliani, University of York; Matt Sutton, University of Manchester
Event: XXXIX Spanish Health Economics Association Conference
Date: 12/06/2019
Location: Albacete, Spain
In this session, Meng Li sets out estimates of real option value for drugs arguing that option value matters and can be calculated. Adrian Towse sets out likely payer concerns about incorporating real option value into decision making. Meng Li responds to these concerns. Jens Grueger sets out how industry considers investment opportunities, arguing that if patients (and society) have preferences these need to be reflected in P&R decisions.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Meng Li, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Leonard D Schaeffer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Adrian Towse, Emeritus Director, Office of Health Economics, London, UK Jens Grueger, formerly Head of Global Access, Senior Vice President at F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Event: ISPOR 2019
Location: New Orleans, USA
Date: 21/05/2019
MCDA OR WEIGHTED CEA BASED ON THE QALY? WHICH IS THE FUTURE FOR HTA DECISION ...Office of Health Economics
In this ISPOR session Chuck Phelps and Adrian Towse debated the case for and against using MCDA to support HTA decision making, as compared to weighting or augmenting a QALY based ICER approach. Chuck Phelps argued for use of MCDA, Adrian Towse for weighting the QALY. Nancy Devlin set the scene and moderated.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Nancy Devlin, Director, Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Australia Adrian Towse, Emeritus Director, Office of Health Economics, London, UK Chuck Phelps, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
Event: ISPOR 2019
Location: New Orleans, USA
Date: 21/05/2019
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Announcement of 18th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verif...
Is willingness to pay higher for cancer prevention and treatment?
1. IS WILLINGNESS TO PAY HIGHER FOR CANCER
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT?
Koonal Shah (Office of Health Economics, UK; kshah@ohe.org)
Paper: Shah, K.K., 2017. Is willingness to pay higher for cancer prevention and
treatment? Journal of Cancer Policy, 11, pp.60-64. [available open access]
[1] NICE. Appraising life-extending end of life treatments; 2009.
[2] Rawlins et al. Br J Clin. Pharmcol. 2010; 70: 346-369.
[3] Department of Health. CDF Impact Assessment; 2010.
[4] Linley & Hughes. Health Econ. 2014; 22: 948-964.
[5] Chim et al. PloS One 2017; 12(3): e0172971.
[6] Olofsson et al. Eur J Health Econ. 2017.
[7] Jones-Lee et al. Econ J. 1985; 95: 49-72.
[8] Viscussi et al. Health Econ. 2014; 23: 384-396.
CANCER AS A ‘DREAD’ DISEASE
• The question of whether cancer is worthy of special consideration has also been explored in the literature on the
value of a statistical life (VSL) and the value of a prevented fatality (VPF). The focus in this literature tends to be
on the value of reducing the total number of deaths from cancer, rather than the value of improving the health of
cancer patients.
• An influential UK study found that the majority of survey respondents prioritised reducing deaths caused by
cancer over other causes (motor accidents, heart disease).7 This study appears to have influenced the UK Health
and Safety Executive to recommend doubling the VPF when the fatality is caused by cancer.
• Based on US respondents’ willingness to pay for a reduction in risk of dying from bladder cancer, Viscussi et al.
reported evidence of a cancer premium, albeit smaller than the premia proposed for policy assessments in the UK
and the US. The authors describe cancer as a ‘dread disease’, on the grounds that “it generates a fear that is
greater than would be justified by its objective risk probabilities”.8
SUMMARY
• The evidence available is not sufficiently strong to conclude – one way or the other – whether society is willing
to pay more for cancer prevention and treatment than for other types of health care.
DO PEOPLE WISH TO GIVE HIGHER PRIORITY TO CANCER TREATMENTS?
UK POLICY CONTEXTOBJECTIVES
• It is often assumed by
health economists that the
principal objective of health
care is to maximise
population health.
• However, people may be
willing to sacrifice overall
health in order to direct
resources towards high
priority diseases (e.g.
cancer).
• Is society willing to pay
more for cancer prevention
and treatment than for
other types of health care?
• Since 2009, NICE has issued guidance that effectively gives greater
weighting to health gains generated by life-extending end of life treatments1
– apparently to reflect the ‘special value’ that society places on such
treatments.2
• Guidance is not specific to cancer, but in practice only cancer drugs have
met the criteria for special consideration.
• A Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) is also in place – intended to improve access to
cancer medicines that have not been recommended by NICE. No other
condition has a fund dedicated to improving access to drugs.
• The purpose of the CDF is to “enable cancer treatments to be funded by the
NHS where society values their benefits more than the benefits that could be
provided by spending the funding on other treatments, elsewhere in the
NHS”.3
• In Scotland, a New Medicines Fund has been introduced to increase access to
drugs for rare or end of life conditions, including many cancers.
Text used by Linley & Hughes4 (similar text used by Chim et al.5)
Cancer vs. non-cancer disease
Imagine two diseases – Disease A and Disease B. They are both
potentially fatal, affect the same age groups and are equally common.
The number of useful medicines available to treat each disease is the
same. The only difference between the two diseases is that:
Disease A – is a type of cancer
Disease B – is some other non-cancer type of disease.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Linley & Hughes
Chim et al.
Prioritise cancer Equal priority Prioritise non-cancer
• A growing literature has examined whether
health gains should be weighted differently
for end of life patients, triggered in part by
the policy situation in the UK.
• However, cancer and end of life are not
synonymous, and most studies have used
unlabelled designs where the names of
conditions are not specified.
• Results of large-scale studies in the UK and
Australia challenge the rationale for a
cancer premium (see box).
• However, a recent study in Sweden
reported evidence of an end of life premium
in cancer, elicited using individual ex ante
willingness to pay methods.6
• There is a dearth of research on the social
value of treatments that seek to improve
the quality of life of cancer patients.