The document discusses the objectives of granting intellectual property rights (IPR) which include enhancing institutional performance, recognizing creativity, promoting competition in research, and facilitating technology transfer. It then defines key terms related to IPR including copyright, patents, geographical indications, and trademarks. The TRIPS agreement sets minimum standards that nations must meet for regulating these various forms of intellectual property.

2. • Objectives of Granting IPR
• i. To enhance the performance levels of
institutions.
• ii. To give recognition and financial benefits to the
efforts for the creativity
• iii. To create competition among the researchers
and institutions for quality of research
• iv. To have return on investment in research
• v. To fasten the technology transfer through
licensing and other means

3. TRIPS
• The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) is an international
• agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
that sets down minimum standards
• for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation. Specifically,
TRIPS contains requirements that
• nations' laws must meet for: copyright rights, including the rights of
performers, producers of sound
• recordings and broadcasting organizations; geographical indications,
including appellations of origin;
• industrial designs; integrated circuit layout-designs; patents;
monopolies for the developers of new plant
• varieties; trademarks; trade dress; and undisclosed or confidential
information

5. Definition
• Copyright is a right given by the law to
creators of literary, dramatic, musical,
performances and artistic works and
producers of cinematograph films and sound
recordings.
• Use of the "©" symbol
• Anyone who claims copyrights in a work can
use copyright notice to alert the public of the
claim

7. Patent
A Patent is an exclusive right granted by the
government to the owner of the invention for a
• limited period to make, use, manufacture and
market the invention, provided the invention
satisfy the
• following criteria:
• • Novelty: not known as prior art
• • Non- obviousness: Must involve inventiveness
• • Usefulness: Invention must have industrial
application

14. • TRIPS Agreement : The TRIPS agreement says
that granting protection through patent
should have following provisions:
• Patent protection must be available for
inventions for at least 20 years.
• Patent protection must be available for both
products and processes, in almost all fields of
• Technology.

15. • Definition: Geographical indications (GI) are
indications that identify a good as originating in the
• territory of a country, or a region or locality in that
territory, where a given quality, reputation or other
• characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to
its geographic origin.
• Geographical indications serve the same functions as
trademarks, because like trademarks they are:
• 1. source-identifiers,
• 2. guarantees of quality, and
• 3. valuable business interests.

16. • The TRIPS Agreement says countries have to
prevent this misuse of place names.
• For wines and spirits, the agreement provides
higher levels of protection, i.e. even where
there is no danger of the public being misled.

17. • Definition: A trade mark (popularly known as brand
name) in layman’s language is a visual symbol
• which may be a word signature, name, device, label,
numerals or combination of colours used by one
• undertaking on goods or services or other articles of
commerce to distinguish it from other similar
• goods or services originating from a different
undertaking. In summary-
• It identifies the goods /or services and its origin.
• It guarantees its unchanged quality
• It advertises the goods/services
• It creates an image for the goods/ services.