The document discusses the role of investigation in the criminal justice system. It defines investigation as the process of collecting evidence about a crime to determine if a crime was committed, identify the perpetrator, apprehend the perpetrator, and provide evidence to support a conviction. A full investigation refers to a careful search or examination to discover facts. The duties of an investigation officer include proceeding to the crime scene promptly, rendering assistance to injured parties, effecting arrests, locating witnesses, interviewing complainants and witnesses, maintaining and protecting the crime scene and evidence.

2. ROLE OF INVESTIGATION IN
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
BY: SHABANA KOUSER JATOI

3. DEFINITION:
An investigation refers to the process of
Collecting Information
(or Evidence) about a crime in order:
• To determine if a crime has been
committed,
• To identify the perpetrator,
• To apprehend the perpetrator; and
• To provide evidence to support a
conviction in court.

4. • Investigation is the foundation of criminal
justice system
• A full investigation refers to the careful search
or examination with an intention to discover
facts.

6. DUTIES OF INVESTIGATION
OFFICIER
 To proceed the scene promptly and
safely.

7. Render assistance to the injured

8. Effect the arrest of the criminal

9. Locate and Identify witnesses

10. Interrogate the suspect???
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?

11. • Interview the Complainant and the witness

12. Maintain the crime scene and protect the
evidence

13. • Note all conditions events and remarks

14. • Arrange for collection of evidence.

15. • Report the incident fully and accurately

16. INVESTIGATION IN COGNIZABLE
AND NON-COGNIZABLE CASES
INVESTIGATION IN COGNIZABLE CASE SEC:156
Cognizable case.
In charge of P/S Investigate without
Order of Magistrate.
Court having jurisdiction have power to
inquire relating to the place of inquiry
or trial.
No question shall be asked from I.O.

17. INVESTIGATION IN NON-CONGIZABLE
CASE SEC: 155 SUB SEC:2
Information is given to In charge of
POLICE STATION non-cognizable
offence.
He shall enter in a Police Diary.
Refer information to the Magistrate.
No investigation without the Order of
Magistrate.

18. STEPS OF INVESTIGATION
IN CRIME SCENE
FOLLOWING STEPS ARE APPLICABLE
IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
Secure the Scene.
Separate the Witnesses.
Scan the Scene.
Seeing the scene.
Sketch the scene.
Search for Evidence.
Secure the collected Evidence.

19. SECURE THE SCENCE
• First responder priorities:
Determine need for medical assistance.
Confirm or pronounce death’
Take steps to preserve and protect area.
Secure and isolate the crime scene using rope
or barricades’
Exclude all unauthorized personnel from scene.
Determine the legal investigator.

22. SCAN THE SCENE
Identify Primary and Secondary scenes.
Primary is place of crime.
Determine where photos should be taken.
Secondary is where suspect may live or
body found.

24. SEEING THE SCENE -
PHOTOGRAPHY
Photograph evidence while it is
unaltered
If objects moved then pictures may not
be admitted as evidence.
If moved must be noted in report.
Pictures of entire scene including points
of exit and entry.

27.  Surrounding areas where important
events occurred before or after crime
 If in doors, all wall areas photographed
and adjacent rooms.

28. If body then photos of body position and
location related to entire scene.
Close-ups to show injuries and weapons.
Surface beneath body after it has been
removed.
Each item at scene is photographed to
show position relative to entire scene.
Include ruler or something to show size.

29. Photo of body position

30. Close up show injuries

31. Surface beneath body

32. Each item is investigated

33. Position of body

34. SKETCH THE SCENE
Rough sketch shows dimensions of scene
and location of all objects.
 Create a legend.
 Pertinent objects are located by two fixed
points like walls.
Compass pointing north.
Finished sketch is prepared with crafts
man’s tools .

35. scene

37. Stains on wall

38. RE-INVESTIGATION OR
SECON INVESTIGATION
Second investigation into same case is not
forbidden.
Purpose of re investigation is to find truth.
Seeking available evidence which for
some reasons not available at previous
stage.

39. • After submission of challan U/S 173 of Cr
Pc Police authorities are empowered to
initiate re investigation in respect of same
crime

40. Public authorities

41. COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE
IN INVESTIGATION
Blood Stains
Seminal Stains
Hair
Fibers and Threads
Glass
Latent Fingerprints

42. • Blood Stains

43. Hair

44. Glass

45. Latent Fingerprints

47. ILLEGAL INVESTIGATION
If a Police Officer take following steps
then Investigation will be Illegal…
If such officer is not Legally performing
his duties.
Police Misconduct.
Police Discrimination.
False Arrest.
Unwarranted Searches.
Unwarranted Seizure of Property.

49. Coerced false Confession.
False Imprisonment.
Falsification of Evidence.
Spoliation of Evidence.
Police Perjury.
Witness Tampering.
Police Brutality.
Police Corruption.

51. DEFECTIVE INVESTIGATION
When Investigation is mala fide or
without jurisdiction.