The document provides an introduction to turbomachinery. It discusses the working principle of turbomachines, which involves the transfer of energy between a rotating element and fluid flow using Newton's second law of motion. Turbomachines are classified based on the direction of work (done by or on the fluid) and the fluid flow direction (axial, radial, or mixed). Common applications of turbomachines include centrifugal pumps, compressors, and fans in industries; axial compressors and gas turbines in aircraft; steam and hydraulic turbines; wind turbines; and turbochargers in automobiles.

1. Bahir Dar Institute of Technology
School of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering
Introduction to Turbomachinery
By: Tereche Getnet
January 17, 2013 E.C
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2. Content Outline
• Introduction
• Working Principle
• Classification
• Application
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3. Introduction
• The word turbo or turbinis is of Latin origin and implies that
which spins or whirls around (a rotating blade row, a rotor or
an impeller)
• A turbomachine is a device in which energy transfer occurs
between a flowing fluid and a rotating element due to dynamic
action, and results in a change in pressure and momentum of
the fluid.
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4. Cont’d
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5. Working Principle
• The Momentum Principle (Newton’s second law of motion).
• The momentum equation relates the sum of the external forces
acting on a fluid element to its acceleration, or to the rate of
change of momentum in the direction of the resultant external
force.
• The force exerted upon a blade in a compressor or turbine
cascade caused by the deflection or acceleration of fluid
passing the blades.
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6. Cont’d
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7. Classsification
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• Turbomachines can be classified in different bases:
Based on the direction of work done as
1. Turbo machines in which work is done by the fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
• Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
2. Turbo machines in which work is done on the fluid.
• Pumps
• Fans
• Blowers
• Compressors

8. Cont’d
• Based on the fluid flow direction as
1. Axial flow machine: machines in which fluid moves
through the rotating member in axial direction
2. Radial flow machine: if the flow is essentially radial, it is
called a radial flow or centrifugal flow machine.
3. Mixed flow machine: If the flow is a mixture of
radial and axial flow it is called mixed flow.
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9. Cont’d
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10. Application Areas
In Industries
 Centrifugal pumps
 Centrifugal Compressors
 Fans,
Air crafts
• Axial compressors
• Gas turbines
Steam turbines
Hydraulic turbines
Wind turbines
Turbochargers in Automobiles
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