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1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
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2. INTRODUCTION TO STRAIGHT WIRE
APPLIANCE AND ITS EVOLUTION.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ANDREWS
AND ROTH BRACKET SYSTEMS.
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3. INTRODUCTION.

LARRY ANDREWS BROUGHT FORWARD THE
STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE.

EDGE WISE APPLIANCE WAS FORERUNNER
OF STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE PUT
FORWARD BY EDWARD.H.ANGLE.

THE TERM STRAIGHT WIRE REFERS TO
APPLIANCE DESINGNED BY ANDREWS
WHICH WAS TRA
DEM RKED A D
A
N
MN
A UFA
CTURED BY “A
-CO M N
PA Y”
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SANDIAGO USA.

4. 
ANDREWS DEVELOPED STRAIGHT
WIRE APPLIANCE BY SERIES OF 14
RESEARCH WORKS.

ONE LED TO SIX KEYS OF OPTIMAL
OCCLUSION.

5 LED TO CONCEPT OF STRAIGHT
WIRE.

8 WERE DESINGNED TO EXPLAIN AND
JUSTIFY THE CONCEPT.
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5. EVOLUTION OF BRACKET AND
BRACKET SYSTEMS.

BANDELLETE PLATES:IN LATE 1800
PIERRE FAUCHARD ACHIEVED
EXPANSION OF DENTAL ARCHES BY
LIGATING THE TEETH WITH BRASS
OR SILVER LIGATURE WIRE TO
CRUDE METAL PLATES.
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6. 
E-ARCH:1907 ANGLE
DEVELOPED THE EARCH.HEAVY LABIAL
ARCH WIRE WITH
THREADED ENDS WERE
SOLDERED TO MOLAR
BANDS.
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7. 
PIN AND TUBE
APPLIANCE:INTRODUCED BY
ANGLE IN 1910.CLOSE
FIT BETWEEN THE PIN
ON ARCH WIRE AND
VERTICAL TUBE ON
BAND PROVIDED AXIAL
CONTROL.
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8. 
RIBBON ARCH
APPLIANCE:BY ANGLE IN
1919.THIS WAS
THE FIRST
APPLIANCE TO
USE “TRUE
BRACKET”.
THE RIBBON
ARCH WAS HELD
IN OCCLUSALLY
FACING
VERTICAL SLOTS
OF BRACKETS
WITH HELP OF
LOCK PINS.
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9. 
EDGE-WISE APPLIANCE:-

INTRODUCED IN 1925.

NOMENCLATURE EDGEWISE
WAS TO DEIGNATE THE
NEW HORIZONTAL PLANE
OF INSERTION OF
RECTANGULAR ARCH WIRE.

ADVANTAGE WAS CONTROL
OVER 3 PLANES OF SPACE
AND EASE OF
MANIPULATION.
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10. LABIO-LINGUAL APPLIANCE:JOHN
MERSHON DEVELOPED THE SYSTEM
IN 1926.HEAVY LABIAL AND LINGUAL
ARCH WIRES WERE PLACED ON
MOLAR BANDS.FINGER SPRINGS
WERE SOLDERED TO ARCH WIRE TO
MOVE THE TEETH.
 UNIVERSAL APPLIANCE:INTRODUCED
BY SPENCER ATKINSON IN 1935.

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11. 
MODIFIED RIBBON
ARCH
BRACKETS(BEGGS).

1928 P.R. BEGG
MODIFIED RIBBON
ARCH BRACKETS
BY REDUCING THE
SLOT SIZE TO
IMPROVE THE
ROTATIONAL
CONTROL WITH
0.016 INCH ARCH
WIRE AND SLOT
GINGIVALLY.
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12. 
TWIN WIRE ATTACHMENT: 1938 JOSEPH JOHNSON INTRODUCED TWIN
ARCH APPLIANCE BASED ON PHILOSOPHY THAT
THIN GUAGE WIRE PRODUCE GENTLE
MOVEMENT OF TEETH.
IF 2 LIGHT WIRE ARE PLACED IN SAME
BRACKET MORE PHYSIOLOGIC TOOTH MOVEMENT
WILL OCCUR.

TWEED-MERRIFIELD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE.: THE APPLIANCE COMPOSED OF NUETRAL 0.22
EDGEWISE SLOTS WITH DOUBLE WIDTH
BRACKETS ON 6 ANTEROR
TEETH,INTERMEIDIATE SINGLE WIDTH
BRACKETS ON PREMOLAR BANDS,TWIN
BRACKETS ON FIRST MOLARS,0.22 TUBES WITH
MESIAL HOOKS ON SECOND MOLARS.
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13. 


IN 1952 REED HOLDAWAY ANGULATED
BRACKETS ON BAND STRIP MATERIALTO
OBATAIN CORRECT MESIO-DISTAL
POSITIONING OF TOOTH.
IVAN LEE INTRODUCED MILLING OF
TORGUE INTO FACE OF BRACKET SLOT.
IN 1958 JOHN .J. STIFTER
 DESINGNED
EDGEWISE APPLIANCE OF 2
PARTS.ONE PART WAS ATTACHED TO TOOTH
AND OTHER COMPONENT WITH VARIOUS
COMBINATION OF INCLINATION,ANGULATION
AND PROMINENCE.
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14. ANDREWS BRACKET
SYSTEM. OF PROGRAMMING TOOTH
 THE CONCEPT
GUIDANCE INTO BRACKET SYSTEM THAN INTO
THE WIRE IS BASED ON SIMILARITIES WHICH
PREVAIL IN MORPHOLOGY OF TOOTH TYPES AND
IN THEIR POSITION WHEN THEY ARE OPTIMALLY
OCCLUDED.


TO ELIMIANTE ARCH WIRE BENDING MORE SLOT
SITING FEATURES ARE NECESSARY THAN
CORRECT AMOUNT OF SLOT
ANGULATION,INCLINATION,AND FACIAL
PROMINENCE.
THE BRACKETS WITH ONLY THESE 3
FEATURES ARE CALLED PARTLY
PROGRAMMED ,BECAUSE THEY WILL NOT
TARGET THE SLOT WITH 2 DEGREE AND 0.5 MM OF
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SLOT SITE.

15. 
EDGE WISE BRACKETS ARE NON
PROGRAMMED BECAUSE OF BILATERAL
SYMMETRY OF THE BRACKETS.

IF LOCATED ON FA POINT AND THE FACC
AND USED WITH LARGE UNBENT WIRES
WOULD CAUSE INCLINATION OF FACIAL
PLANE OF EACH CROWN TO BE 90 DEGREE
TO THE OCCLUSAL PLANE.

DISADVANTAGE WAS ALL CROWNS HAVE
EQUAL FACIAL PROMINENCE AND
OCCLUSO GINGIVAL POSITION OF CROWN
WILL BE IRREGULAR.
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16. DESIGN SHORT COMINGS IN
EDGE WISE.






REQUIRE COMPLEX ARCH WIRE BENDING.
BRACKET BASES ARE PERPENDICULAR TO
BRACKET SYSTEM.
BRACKET BASE ARE NOT CONTOURED
OCCLUSO GINGIVALLY.
SLOTS ARE NOT ANGULATED.
BRACKET STEM ARE OF EQUAL FACIO
LINGUAL THICKNESS.
MAXILLARY OFFSET NOT BUILT IN.
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17. THE APPLIANCE SYSTEM CONSITS OF 2
BRACKET SYSTEMS.



FULLY PROGRAMMED STANDARD
BRACKETS.
FULLY PROGRAMMED TRANSLATION
BRACKETS.
DESIGN FEATURES: SLOT SITING FEATURES
 CONVIENIENCE FEATURES
 AUXILLARY FEATURES.
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18. SLOT SITING FEATURES:MID TRANSVERSE
PLANE: MID
TRANSVERSE
PLANE OF
SLOT,STEM
AND CROWN
SHOULD BE
SAME.
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19. 
THE BASE OF
BRACKET SHOULD
HAVE SAME
INCLINATION AS THE
FACIAL PLANE OF
CROWN AT FA POINT.

THE BASE OF
BRACKET MUST BE
CONTOURED
OCCLUSO
GINGIVALLY TO
MATCH THE
CURVATURE.
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20. MID SAGGITAL PLANE.

MID SAGGITAL
PLANE OF
SLOT,STEM AND
CROWN SHOULD
BE SAME.
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21. 
PLANE OF BRACKET
BASE AT ITS BASE
POINT MUST BE
IDENTICAL TO THE
FACIAL PLANE OF
CROWN AT FA
POINT.IN MAX MOLARS
IT IS 100 DEGREES
AND OTHER TEETH 90.

THE BASE OF
BRACKET SHOULD BE
CONTOURS TO MATCH
THE MESIODISTAL
WIDTH/RADIUS OF
AREA OF CROWN IT IS
DESIGNED TO FIT IN.
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22. 
THE VERTICAL
COMPONENTS,MESIODIST
AL BORDERS OF
BRACKET STEM AND THE
WINGS SHOULD BE
PARALLEL TO ONE
OTHER AND THUS
SHOULD BE PARALLEL TO
VERTICAL LANDMARKS
OF CROWN.

THE HORIZONTAL
COMPONENTS(SUPERIOR
AND INFERIOR EDGE OF
BRACKET STEM SHOULD
BE EQUI DISTAMT FROM
CROWNS GINGIVAL AND
CUSP TIP OR INCISAL
EDGE
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23. MID FRONTAL PLANE:
ALL SLOT POINTS
SHOULD HAVE SAME
DISTANCE BETWEEN
THEM AND CROWN
EMBRASSURE LINE.

THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE SLOT
POINTS AND FACE OF
EACH CROWN IS
INDIRECTLY
PROPOTIONAL TO
PROMINENCE OF TOOTH.

STEM OF BRACKET
MUST ACCOMMODATE
FOR VARYING CROWN
PROMINENCE.
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24. CONVENIENCE FACTORS:
THESE FEATURES MAKE THE
APPLIANCE EASIER FOR
ORTHODONTIST TO USE AND
SOMETIMES COMFORTABLE TO
PATIENT.

GINGIVAL TIE WINGS ON
POSTERIOR BRACKET ARE
DESINGNED TO EXTEND
LATERALLY.THIS FACILITATES
LIGATION AND ELIMINATES
GINGIVAL IMPINGEMENT .

SINCE BRACKET BASES ARE
INCLINED THE STEM AND TIE WINGS
OF MANDIBULAR MOLARS AND
MOLARS ARE DIRECTED MORE
GINGIVALLY.THIS ELIMINATES
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OCCLUSAL

25. 
THE FACIAL
SURFACE OF
INCISOR AND
CANINE BRACKETS
ARE DESINGNED
PARALLEL TO
THEIR BASES
WHICH INTURN
PARALLEL TO
CROWN FACES.THIS
ENHANCES LIP
COMFORT.
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26. AUXILLARY FEATURE:
THESE CONTRIBUTE TO THE
BIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TREATMENT.

EXAMPLES ARE POWER
ARM,HOOKS,FACE BOW
TUBES,UTILITY TUBES AND ROTATION
WINGS.
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27. TIP AND TORQUE VALUES.
UPPER 1
5/7
2
3
4
9/3 11/-7 2/-7
5
6
7
2/-7
5/-9
5/-9
LOWER
2/-1 2/-1 5/-11 2/-17 2/-22 2/-26 2/-31
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28. FOR ANTERIOR TEETH.

3 DESINGS WITH VARYING INCLINATION
VALUES ARE AVAILABLE FOR UPPER AND
LOWER INCISORS DEPENDING ON
DIFFERENT SKELETAL BASE
RELASHIONSHIP.

CATEGORY I:-CLASS 2 RETROCLINED
UPPER INCISOR THE TORQUE VALUE IS +2.
FOR LATERAL IS -2.MANDIBULAR INCISOR
ARE PROCLINED MINIMALLY WITH TORQUE
VALUE 4 DEGREES.
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29. 
CATEGORY II:-CLASS I CASE AND
UPPER CENTRAL IDEALLY INCLINED
TORQUE VALUE IS 7.UPPER LATERAL
IT IS 3 AND LOWER INCISOR IT IS -1
DEGREES.

CATEGORY III:-CLASS III CASE
MILDLUY PROCLINED INCISOR
TORQUE VALUE FOR UPPER CENTAL
IS +12 AND 8 FOR UPPER LATERAL
AND -6 FOR LOWER INCISOR.
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30. FOR POSTERIOR TEETH.

ONE STANDARD BRACKET IS USED FOR
EACH TOOTH TYPES FOR MOLARS.MOLARS
REQUIRE ANYONE 2 TUBES DEPENDING ON
CLINICAL SITUATION.



CLASS I INTERARCH RELASHION IN WHICH STANDARD
MOLAR TUBES ARE USED.
CLASS II INTERARCH RELASHIONSHIP IN WHICH 2
PREMOLARS ARE EXTRACTED FROM UPPER ARCH ONLY.
DISTAL OFFSET OF 10 DEGREES IS BUILT INTO TUBE
OF CLASS I UPPER MOLAR AND CLASS II MOLAR HAS O
DEGREE OFFSET.
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31. FULLY PROGRAMMED TRANSLATION
BRACKETS.

WHEN BODILY MOVEMENT OF TEETH ARE
REQUIRED TO EXRTRACTION SPACES PROBLEM IS
ENCOUNTERED IN MESIODISTAL TIP AND
ROTATION OF TEETH ADJACENT TO EXPTRACTION
SITE .

IN UPPER MOLARS DUE TO PROMINENT PALATAL
ROOT BUCCOLINGAL TIP ALSO HAS TO BE
COUNTERACTED.

THUS ANDREWS DEVISED THE TRANSLATION
SERIES OF BRACKETS.
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32. 3 CLASSES OF TRANSLATION
SERIES:

MINIMAL TRANSLATION BRACKETS:TOOTH TANSLATION LESS THAN 2 MM

MEDIUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:TRANSLATION MORE THAN 2 MM LESS
THAN 4MM.

MAXIMUM TRANSLATION BRACKETS:DISATNCE TO BE MOVED MORE THAN
4MM.
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33. ADDITIONAL SLOT FEATURE:
COUNTER ROTATION:
FACTOR IS BUILT BY ROTATING THE SLOT AROUND
ITS VERTICAL AXIS IN DIRECTION IT HAS TO BE
TRANSLATED.

THIS FEATURE COUNTERACTS TOOTH ROTATION
CAUSED BY MESIAL OR DISTAL FORCE.THIS
ROTATION IS OVER CORRECTED WHEN TRANSLATION
IS COMPLETE.

EFFICIENT TRANSFER OF FORCE FROM BRACKET
SLOT TO CENTRE OF CROWN FOR ROTATIONAL
CONTROL THE MESIODISTAL LENGTH OF BRACKET
SHOULD BE EQUAL TO THE DISTANCE FROM THE
SLOT POINT TO THE TOOTH VERTICAL AXIS.ANDREWS
CONSIDERED THIS DISTANCE AS 4MM.
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34. 
MORE THE TRANSLATION MORE IS
COUNTER ROTATION FACTOR.

MINIMUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:-2.

MEDIUM TRANSLATION BRACKET
BRACKET:-4.

MAXIMUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:-6.
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35. COUNTER MESIO DISTAL
TIP:
WHEN A MESIAL OR DISTAL FORCE IS
APPLIED THE CROWN TENDS TO PRECEDE
THE ROOTS IN THE DIRECTION OF FORCE
APPLIED.

TO PREVENT THIS TRANSLATION
BRACKETS ARE DESINGNED WITH
COUNTER TIP FEATURE.

DONE BY INCREASING OR DECREASING
THE ANGULATION OF THE SLOT.
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36. 


MINIMUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:- -2
MEDIUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:- -3
MAXIMUM TRANSLATION BRACKET:- -4

FOR EFFECTIVE TRANSLATION TO OCCUR THE
MESIO DISTAL TIP SHOULD BE COUNTERACTED
BY A BALANCED COUNTER MOMENT.

COUNTER MESIO DISATL TIP OF BRACKET WILL
NOT BE SUFICENT TO BRING ABOUT THIS
BALANCE AS MESIO DISTAL WIDTH OF BRAKET IS
NOT EQUAL TO THE DISTANCE FROM SLOT POINT
TO CENTRE OF RESISTANCE OF TOOTH.

SO AN EXTENSION “POWER ARM” IS ESSENTIAL
TO MAKE UP FOR DEFICIENT LENGTH OF
BRACKET.
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37. 
LENGTH OF POWER ARM WILL VARY
ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF THE
TEETH.

FOR CANINE THE POWER ARM WILL
BE 5MM.

FOR MOLARS MESIO DISTAL WIDTH
OF TUBE IS MORE AND CENTRE OF
RESISTANCE OF TOOTH IS MORE
OCCLUSAL THAN THAT OF CANINES.
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38. 
LOWER TORQUE IN LOWER INCISOR
BUCCAL SEGEMNTS REMAIN
NORMAL,BECAUSE OVERCORRECTION IN
THIS PLANE ONLY LEADS TO PROBLEM
AND INTERENCES.

THE TWO LOWER MOLARS HAVE EXACTLY
THE SAME DEGREE OF ROOT TORQUE
SINCE APPLIANCE RESTS ON MESIO
BUCCAL CUSP.

OVER ROTATION BRACKET SLOTS ARE
MILLED AT ON ANGLE TO PRODUCE A
MESIALLY OR DISTALLY DIRECTED OVER
ROTATION OR OFFSET SIMILAR IN BUCAL
SEGMENT BRACKETS.
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39. COUNTER BUCCOLINGUAL TIP:
ONLY ADDED TO MAXILLARY MOLAR TRANSLATION
BRACKETS.

WHEN MOLAR TRANSLATES MESIALLY DUE TO PROMINENT
PALATAL ROOTS IT TIPS BUCALLY THUS OREINTING THE
BUCCAL CUSP MORE GINGIVALLY AND LINGUAL CUSP
MORE OCCLUSALLY.

IT IS RESOLVED BY ADDING COUNTER BUCCO LINGUAL TIP
IN BRACKET BY INCREASING BUCCAL ROOT TORQUE.
MINIMAL - 4 DEGREE TORQUE.
 MEDIUM
- 5 DEGREE TORQUE.
 MAXIMUM - 6 DEGREE TORQUE.

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40. ROTH BRACKET
SYSTEM. INTRODUCED THE
 IN 1970 ANDREWS
STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE.

IN 1976 ROTH PUBLISHED A REPORT
“FIVE YEAR CLINICAL EVALUATION
OF ANDREWS STRAIGHT WIRE
APPLIANCE”.

IN 1979 ROTH INTRODUCED A BRACKET
SETUP CONTAINING MODIFICATION OF
TIP,TORQUE,ROTATION AND IN AND
OUT MOVEMNTS OF ANDREWS SETUP
BRACKET.
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41. 
PURPOSE OF ROTH SETUP WAS TO PROVIDE
OVER CORRECTED TOOTH POSITIONS PRIOR TO
THE APPLIANCE APPLIANCE REMOVAL THAT
WOULD ALLOW TEETH IN MOST INSTANCES TO
SETTLE TO WHAT WAS FOUND IN THE NON
ORTHODONTIC NORMALS STUDIED BY ANDREWS.

IT IS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE OF
BRACKET INTERFERENCE TO POSITION THE
TEETH PRECISELY INTO THE OCCLUSION SHOWN
BY NON ORTHODONTIC NORMAL SAMPLE AND
AFTER THE APPLIANCE REMOVAL,NO MATTER
HOW WELL TREATED THE PATIENT TEETH WILL
SHIFT SLIGHTLY FROM THE POSITION THEY
OCCUPIED AT THE TIME APPLIANCE. IS REMOVED.
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42. 
HENCE ROTH ALTERDED THE
PRESCRIPTION OF ANDREWS
BRACKET IN ALL 3 PLANES OF SPACE.
UPPER 1
2
3
4
5/-12 9/8 13/-2 O/-7
5
6
7
0/-7
0/-14 0/-14
LOWER
2/-1
2/-1 -1/-11 -1/-17 -1/-22 -1/30
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-1/30

43. BRACKET POSITIONING.
CENTRAL INCISOR
LATERAL INCISOR
MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR
3.5MM
3.5MM
3.5MM
3.5MM
CANINE
4MM
4MM
1ST PREMOLAR
3.5 MM
3.5MM
2ND PREMOLAR
3.5MM
3.5MM
1 ST MOLAR
3MM
3MM
2ND MOLAR
2.5MM
3MM
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44. 
PLACING BICUSPID BRACKET 0.5MM
GINGIVALLY TO MOLAR ATTCHMENT
USUALLY LEVELS THE MARGINAL
RIDGES QUITE WELL.

WHEN LONG CLINICAL CROWNS ALL
BRACKET WILL BE PLACED FARTHER
GINGIVALLY WITH USE OF UNIFORM
INCREASE FOR EACH TOOTH
CONSISTENT WITH ROTH VALUES.
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45. PRESCRIPTION SOURCE:
MAXILLARY PRESCRIPTION:

ROTH HAS EXTRA TORQUE IN INCISOR(5 DEGREE
MORE THAN NORMAL)
INCREASED INCISOR TORQUE IN ROTH SETUP
TENDED TO CREATE A SLIGHT OVERJET THAT
APPEARED THAT GRADUALLY AS TORQUE
INFLUENCE OF HEAVY WIRE IN BRACKET SLOT
WAS EXPRESSED.
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46. 5 DEGREE TORQUE INCREASES
FOR UPPER INCISOR:
IMPROVED AESTHETICS.

PROVIDED MORE SPACE FOR LOWER
ANTERIOR TEETH THERE BY GUIDING
CLASS I INTERCUPATION.

ENCHANCED A GENTLE RISE AND
REDUCED STRESS FUNCTION.
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47. 
THERE WILL BE CORRESPONDINGLY LESS –VE
TORQUE IN UPPER CANINE TO OFFSET THE
RECIPROCAL EFFECT OF BUILDING MORE TORQUE
INTO INCISOR.

LINGUAL CROWN TIP OF UPPER CUSPID AND LABIAL
PROMINENCE OF ROOTS WAS CAUSED BECAUSE OF
15 DEGREE TORQUE DIFFRENTIAL BETWEEN
LATERAL AND CANINE IN ANDREWS.

TO AVOID THIS TORQUE OF UPPER CANINE WAS
REDUCED TO -2 DEGREES SO THAT THEIR CROWNS
WERE TIPPED OUT TO A MORE NEARLY VERTICAL
INCLINATION.
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48. 
THE UPPER CANINE HAVE 2 DEGREE ROTATION
TO MESIAL.

“SUPER TORQUE” SET OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR
FOR CASES LIKE CLASS II,DIV 2,WHEN AN
EXTREME AMOUNT OF TORQUE MAY BE NEEDED.

UPPER BUCCAL SEGMENTS ARE DISTALLY
UPRIGHTED TO 0 DEGREES,THE BISCUSPIDS ARE
ROTATED 2 DEGREES MESIALLY TO OFFSET THE
ROTATION THAT ACCOPANIES DISTAL
ROTATION(TWICE THE AMOUNT FOUND IN NON
ORTHODONTIC NORMALS) AND 14 DEGREE ROOT
TORQUE(5 DEGREE MORE THAN NORMAL).
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49. MANDIBULAR PRESCRIPTION:
INSCIOR BRACKETS ARE SAME AS
NON ORHTODONTIC MODELS.

LOWER ANTERIORS HAVE BRACKET
WITH CHAMFERED INCISAL TIE
WINGS.

LOWER CANINES HAVE 7 DEGREE
MESIAL TIP AND 2 DISTAL ROTATION.
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50. 
THERE IS A 0 DEGREE ROATION SET FOR
CASES WHERE ONLY 2 UPPER BICUSPIDS ARE
EXTRACTED.

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT “SUPER TORQUE”
ANTERIORS BE USED IN THESE CASES TO
MINIMIZE TOOTH SIZE DISCPREPENCY
CREATED BY TAKING OUT BY 2 UPPER
BICUSPID.

INCREASE IN TORQUE AND TIP UPPER INCISOR
MAKES THEM OCCUPY MORE SPACE IN ARCH
AS DOES MESIAL ROTATION OF UPPER FIRST
MOLAR DUE TO 0 DEGREES ROTATION
BRACKETS ON THESE TEETH.
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51. 
IN ROTHS PRESCRIPTION OF ANDREW’S APPLIANCE THE
ANTERIOR BRACKETS WERE PLACED SLIGHTLY MORE
INCISALLY FROM ANDREWS “MIDDLE OF CLINICAL CROWN”
AND INGREDIENTS OF THOSE BRACKETS WERE ADJUSTED
ACCORDINGLY.

IT IS TO ELIMINATE THE NEED TO PLACE REVERSE AND
COMPENSATING BENDS INTO FINISHING WIRES.

PLACING ALL UPPER INCISORS AT SAME HEIGHT
OVERCORRECTS OVERBITE AND IMPROVES ANTERIOR
CONTACT DURING FUNCTION.

THE CENTRALS WILL SETTLE LONGER AFTER TRETMENT.

PLACING CUSPID BRACKET 0.5MM GINGIVALLY TO INCISOR
BRACKET WILL RESULT IN CUSPID RISE DURING LATERAL
EXCURSION OF THE MANDIBLE.
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52. AS ROTH SAYS
• “AT HEART OF EVERY
EXCELLENT TREATMENT LIES
IN WELL PLACED
APPLIANCE,REGARDLESS OF
APPLIANCE THAT IS USED ”.
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53. REFERENCE:• ANDREWS.L.F.-THE STRAIGHT WIRE
CONCEPT AND APPLIANCE.
• GRABER AND SWAIN.
• GRABER AND VANARSDALL.
• BONHAM
MAGNESS.W.1987(STRAIGHT WIRE
CONCEPT) AJO VOL 73-541-550.
• ANDREWS.L.F(1990)JCO
INTERVIEWS VOL 24-491-508.
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54. • THANK YOU
THANK YOU.
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