Introduction to Research Methodology.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Dr. Abazar Ammar
5th Year MBBS; M.S
International University of Africa
Head of Training Office at SMRA

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Lecture the Candidate
must Know:
• Definitions of Research
• Types of Research
• Important of Research
• How to Identify good Research problem
• How Select Good Research Topic
• How Analyze Research Problem
27/9/2020Research Methodology

DEFINITION OF
RESEARCH
Literally:
Investigation undertaken in order to discover new
facts or get additional information.
To search again.
Scientifically:
The systematic collection, analysis and
interpretation of data to answer certain question or
solve a problem.
3
Answer question
Or
Solve problem

TERMINOLOGY
A thesis or dissertation is a research submitted for
an academic degree or professional qualification
presenting the author's research.
"Thesis“ is used for part of a bachelor’s or
master’s course
"Dissertation" is normally applied to a doctorate
7/9/2020Research Methodology 4

RESEARCH PURPOSE
1. Generates new knowledge (basic research)
2. Identifies priority problems
3. Evaluates polices (applied research).

CLASSIFICATION OF
RESEARCH
Basic research
Applied research
Qualitative research
Quantitative research

BASIC RESEARCH &
APPLIED RESEARCH
1. Basic Research
Generating new knowledge and
technologies to deal with major
unresolved issues.
2. Applied Research
Identification of priority problems
Design, implement and evaluate policies
and programmes of benefit

STEPS OF DEVELOPING A
RESEARCH
1. What is the problem and why should it be
studied? (Statement of the Problem)
2. What information is already available?
(Literature Review)
3. Why do we want to carry out the research? What
do we hope to achieve? (Objectives)
4. What data needed? (Methods and Tools)
How much is needed? How to collect?
How to process and analyze? Who will do what,
when and where? How to manage the project?
What resources are needed for carrying out the
study?

9

INTRODUCTION
Problem is a discrepancy between what should
be and what exists.
Finding a problem is not hard but identifying one
for research is not always easy.
A well-defined problem leads to good statement of
research problem, hypothesis, and definition of
key variables and selection of appropriate
methodology.

SOURCE OF PROBLEM
Real life (observation)
Reading published papers
Problem analysis helps in finding
a topic

TYPES OF PROBLEMS
1. Community based health problems
 such as: harmful practices, unsafe water, poor
basic sanitation …
2. Hospital based problems
 such as: Diseases
3. Health Services problems
 Such as: (money, materials, manpower,
management)

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A
PROBLEM
1. Important health problem
2. Have some chance of being solved
3. Feasible within the available resources
4. Be one that require reasonable resources
5. The research should be cost/effective

1.Important Health Problem
Statistical data.
Epidemiological data
Discussions with key personnel, decision-
makers, academicians and experienced
researchers in the various fields may
facilitate for the researchers to identify
priority problems

2.Have Some Chance Of Being
Solved
Unreasonable to
select a problem
not amenable for
solution.
Explore & review
available literature.

3.Feasible Within The Available
Resources
Is the available time enough to complete the
research if such problem is selected?
Will the research objectives be achieved
within the available time?
Will the research results be of value if the
research is carried within the available
time?

4.Be One That Require Reasonable
Resources
Examine the available and potential
resources at local, national and
international levels

5.The Research Should Be
Cost/Effective
Simple cost/effectiveness analysis.
Is it cost /effective to conduct a research?
Is it going to produce fruitful results?
Will the expected results solve the problem ?
How the research outcome will contribute to
general knowledge?

PRIORITIZING PROBLEMS
Criteria for Selecting best research title

PRIORITIZING PROBLEMS
1. Relevance
2. Avoidance of duplication
3. Feasibility
4. Political acceptability
5. Applicability
6. Urgency
7. Ethical acceptability

Relevance
Topic chosen should be a priority problem
Questions to consider include
 How large or widespread is the problem?
 Who is being affected?
 How severe is the problem?
 Who perceives the problem to be important?
If a topic is not relevant drop it out

Avoidance of duplication
Has the topic been investigated before?
Are there other studies that have similar
results?
Results should be reviewed to explore
whether major questions that deserve
further investigations remained
unanswered

Feasibility
How easy is it to implement this research
problem?
Do I have the resources?
Thought should be given on
Personnel
Time
Equipment
and money locally available

Political Acceptability
Always research on a topic that has the
interest of the authorities.
Increases the chance that the results of the
study will be implemented
At times you might need to show that
certain government policy needs adjustment
Involve the policy makers concerned at an
early stage to limit confrontation

Applicability
Is it likely that the recommendations from
this study will be applied?
Depends on the blessing of the authority
Depends on the availability of resources to
implement the recommendations
Opinion of potential recipients and
responsible staff influence the
implementation too.

Urgency
How urgently are the results needed for
making decision?
Which research should be done first and which
one can be done later?

Ethical acceptability
Are you not inflicting harm on others while
carrying out research?
Review your research with the view of ethics
in whatever you are doing

Each of the 7 criteria is rated on a 3-point
scale to identify priority problems
Rating Scale
1.Low (1-2)
2.Medium (3-5)
3.High (above 5)

Criteria For Prioritizing A Research
Problem
1. Relevance:
Not relevant = 0
Relevant = 1
Very relevant = 2
2. Avoidance of duplication:
Sufficient information already available =
1
Some information available =
2
No information available = 3

Cont. Criteria for prioritizing a research
problem
3. Feasibility:
Study not feasible = 1
Study feasible = 2
Study very feasible = 3
4. Political acceptability :
Topic not accepted to policy makers = 0
Topic more or less accepted = 1
Topic fully accepted = 2

cont. Criteria for prioritizing a research
problem
5. Applicability:
No chance of recommendations being
implemented = 1
Some of the recommendations being
implemented = 2
Good chances of recommendations being
implemented = 3

cont. Criteria for prioritizing a research
problem
6. Urgency:
 Information not urgently needed = 1
 Information is needed but delay is acceptable = 2
 Information very urgently = 3
7. Ethical acceptability:
 Not ethically accepted = 0
 Minor ethical problem = 1
 No ethical problem = 2

PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Identify factors that may have contributed to
the problem.
Clarify the relationship between the
problem and the contributing factors.
Problem analysis diagram helps to visualize
the interrelationship between the problem
and the contributing factors.

Malaria
Diagnosis
Investigations
CBC BF
Sign &
Symptoms
Treatment
Supportive Antimalarial
Sensitive Resistant

Ref:
1. Research Guidelines
2. Mamoun H. Research Methods
3. Handout

Introduction to Research Methodology.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Introduction to Research Methodology.pptx

Similar to Introduction to Research Methodology.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Introduction to Research Methodology.pptx

Editor's Notes