This document introduces PHP and its basic concepts. PHP is an open source scripting language widely used for web development. It allows embedding code into HTML documents. Key topics covered include what PHP is, its history and how it works, its capabilities, why it is used, benefits for students, basic and object-oriented programming in PHP, GET and POST methods, sessions and cookies. Popular PHP frameworks and content management systems built with PHP are also listed.

1. INTRODUCTION TO PHP

2. PREPARED BY
FAKHRUL HASAN
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER
DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
EXPERTISE AREA:
WEB DESIGNING, WEB DEVELOPMENT, PHP, C#, ASP.NET, MYSQLAND MS
SQL.

3. TOPICS
WHAT IS PHP?
HISTORY
HOW WORKS
WHAT PHP CAN DO?
WHY PHP USED?
HOW STUDENTS GET
BENEFITED
PHP – BASIC
PROGRAMMING
PHP – OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING
GET AND POST METHOD
SESSIONS AND COOKIES

4. PHP (Hypertext Pre-
Processor) is a widely-used
open source scripting
language that is used for web
development.
It can be embedded in HTML
Document.
Currently, PHP support both
Procedural and OOP
WHAT IS PHP?

5. HISTORY
PHP/FI – Personal
Home Page –
Developed in1994
by Rasmus Lerdorf.
Support:
DBM, mSQL, and
Postgres95
databases, cookies,
user-defined
function support,
and much more.
PHP 3 – Hyper Text
Pre-Processor –
Released in 1998
Developed by Andi,
Rasmus, and Zeev.
Features:
Multiple database
support, OOP
Support
PHP 4 –
Developed by Zeev
And ANDI.
Designed based on
Zend Engine.
Released in 2000.
Support Multiple
Databases, Many Web
Servers, HTTP
Sessions etc.
PHP 5 –
Released in 2004.
Fully OOP, Support
Multiple Databases
and some advance
features.

6. HOW WORKS
PHP Pre-Processor
Database
Client Browser
Page Request
HTML
HTML
Passed
Put Data
Get Data

7. WHAT PHP CAN DO?
• Main target field of PHP.
Server Side Scripting:
• PHP scripts can run on command prompt
without server.Command Line Scripting:
• Not best. But can be developed using PHP-
GTK php extension.
Writing Desktop
Application:

8. WHY PHP USED?
Easy to use. Code is embedded into HTML.
Easy to built informative website, e-commerce, high-level management system and so on.
Runs on almost any web server, many databases and operating systems.
Supported Web-Servers: Apache, Microsoft IIS, Netscape Enterprise Server.
Supported Operating Systems: Mac-Os, Windows, Linux (Solaries) etc.
Database Supported: MS-SQL, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite, FilePro, dBase etc.

9. HOW STUDENTS GET BENEFITED WITH LEARNING
PHP
Students who learn PHP for web-development will get following
advantages
Cost Effective
Development
Easily Integration Flexible to use
Available Learning
Resources
Can easily involve in
outsourcing
Available popular
CMS

10. PHP – BASIC PROGRAMMING
Variables:
Variables are used to store data. PHP supports different data-type.
But it is not necessary to declare data-type. PHP uses $ sign to declare a variable.
Syntax: <?php $a = “hello php”; ?>
Arrays:
Array is a process to store multiple values to a single variable in php.
The values are identified by key.
Syntax: <?php $students = array(‘hasan’, ‘kabir’); ?> or
<?php $students = array(‘first’=>’hasan’, ‘second’=>’kabir’); ?>

11. PHP – BASIC PROGRAMMING
Loop:
A sequence of instructions that repeated until reached to a certain condition.
Loops in PHP: for, while, do..while and foreach.
Example:

12. PHP – BASIC PROGRAMMING
Functions:
Functions are special block of code which can re-use again and again.
Used to minimize code and better performance.
Basically Two Types: Built-in functions, User-defined functions.
Functions are executed, when it is called.
Sample Example:

13. PHP- BASIC PROGRAMMING
Conditional Statements:
Conditional Statements are used to perform different action on different decision.
Conditional Statements are if, if…else, if…..else if…..else if….else, switch…case
Example:

14. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING PHP
Classes and
Objects
Methods and
Properties
Scope Inheritance
Static
methods and
properties
Constants
Abstraction
and interfaces
Overriding
Object
Iteration
Serialization
Namespaces
Concept of OOP is to move the application architecture closer to real world. The OOP features of PHP
is described below:

15. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING PHP
Classes and Objects
 Classes are type of entity and objects are single units of a given class
 If human is a class, then Mr. Karim, Rahim are objects of human class.
 Examples:

16. CONSTRUCTOR
Each class has one constructor. Constructor is called when object is initialized.

17. CONSTRUCTOR

18. PROPERTIES
A class may have unlimited number of properties

19. ACCESS MODIFIER
Each property and method has access modifier/scope in PHP class. It defines who can access it.
Access modifiers are:
Public
• It can be accessed from any
outside file through object
Protected
• Protected can be accessed
by descendant class
Private
• Private can be accessed by
a class itself.

20. INHERITANCE
• A class can inherit another class.
• When a class inherit another class, it inherit all public an protected properties of inherited class.
But can’t inherit private property.

21. STATIC METHOD AND PROPERTY
 Defining static to a property or method makes them accessible without creating object.
 Class can access static property with self keyword. Outside world can access it with class name.
 Example:

22. CONSTANTS
Normally constants are declared in PHP with define() function.
But in a class constants are declared with const keyword and not using $ sing. Class constant
can’t be called with object.
Example:

23. ABSTRACT CLASS AND METHOD
Abstract class can defined with abstract keyword and can’t be instantiated.
This type of class must be used by inheritance.
Abstract class may have several abstract method.
If abstract class has abstract method definition. Child class must have the
implementation of abstract method.

24. ABSTRACT CLASS AND METHOD
Examples:

25. INTERFACE
Interfaces allow what a child class must implement.
No methods in interface have implementation.
Classes can implement interface instead of extends.
Interface can only have public method.

26. INTERFACES
Example:

27. OVERRIDING
When a class inherit another class, it can declare methods that override parent class method.
Two class method names are same, parameter may differ. An Example is following:

28. OBJECT ITERATION
PHP provides facility to iterate an object as item of an array. Example is following:

29. NAMESPACE
PHP Namespace after 5.3 version allow create class with same name in same
application or page under different namespaces. Example Code is following:

30. PHP – GET AND POST VARIABLE
GET and POST create an array with key and value pair, where key contains name of
the form field and value contains the value of the field.
• GET is treated as $_GET in PHP, which holds all information passed
through URL as array.
• Information sent through GET Method is visible to users.
• GET has limitation highest 2000 characters
GET
• POST is treated as $_POST in PHP, which holds all information
passed through form post as array.
• Information sent through POST Method is not visible to users.
• POST has no limitation.
POST

31. COOKIES
Cookie is piece of text file that web
servers can store on user’s browser.
It allows server to store information
to user machine and later retrieve it.
Can store file up to 4 kb.
Maximum 20 cookies can be stored
on user’s PC per server.

32. SESSIONS
Session is a mechanism to store information to be used in multiple pages on the server.
PHP Session variable holds information about a single user (browser) and it available on multiple
pages.
Basically made up of two components. Client Side Session ID and Server Side Session Data.
To use session in PHP, developer must call the function session_start(); at the top.

33. PHP FRAMEWORKS
Some popular frameworks of PHP are
following:
Laravel
Symfony
Code Igniter
Yii
Cake PHP
Zend
Phalcon
Popular CMS build using PHP:
Wordpress
Joomla
Drupal
Exponent CMS
Magento
PHP Nuke

34. QUESTIONS??