3. •Political Aspect of IR State, Political Theory
•Economic Aspect of IR Approach to IPE
(3 Ism)
•Diplomatic Aspect of IR Type, Methods &
4. International Relation
• Interactions among and between states and non-state actor across
border.
• International relation is an branch of political science.
• Concept – relations between Nations and primarily with Foreign
Policies.
2 Actor 1. States 2. Non-state Actors
2 F
1. Fact
2. Field
Fact President, General, Diplomats
Field interdisciplinary
related to – Politics, Economic, History, Military
Psychology, Geography,
Philosophy
6. Field of Studying in
IR
• Issue areas – Diplomacy, War, Trade Relations, Alliances,
Cultural exchanges, Participation in
international organization.
• Conflict and Cooperation in relationship among states
concerning issue areas.
• International Security – Question of War and Peace.
• International Political Economy
7. International Relation
Subjects
1. Modern International History
2. Political Science
3. International Organizations
4. International Economy
5. International Law
6. International Constitutions
7. Geopolitics
8. Political Science intersects with other
Fields1. Economics ေ ဘာေေဗဒ
2. Law ဥေေဒ
3. Sociology လူမႈေ ဗဒ
4. History သမိုင္
5. Anthropology မႏ ို ေ ဗဒ
6. Public Administration ေည္သူ႔အိုေ္ခ ်ဳေ္ေ ရ
7. Public Policy ေည္သူေ႔ရ ရာ မူဝါဒ
8. National Politics ေည္ည္ြင္ ႏ ိုငငံေ ရ
9. International Relations ႏ ိုငငံတကာဆကဆ ံေ ရ
10.Comparative Politics ႏ ိုငငံေ ရ
ႏ ႈ င္ ယွဥ္ေ လ့လာမႈ
11.Psychology စတပညာ
12.Political Organization & ႏ ိုငငံေ ရ အဖ ြဲ႕အစည္
9. Significance of International Relation
• Increasing interdependence of Global Society.
• Improved transnational Communication Network.
• Global Economy is more interdependent. (Trade, global
financial Market)
10. Aid of Cooperation among
States
a. Regulation of international relations primarily through
techniques of peaceful settlement of dispute among
nation or states.
b. Minimization or at the least, control of international
conflict and war.
c. Promotion of cooperation, developmental activities among
nation- state for the social and economic benefit of
certain regions or of humankind in general.
d. Collective defense of a group of nation-states against
external threat.
11. Interaction among State
Conflict & Cooperation
International Conflict Type
1. Territorial Disputes
နယ္ေ မအ ငင္ ပော မႈ
2. Control of Government အစို ရ၏ထန္ ခခ ်ဳေမႈ
3. Economic Conflict စ ပော ေ ရ ေဋေကၡမခာ
4. Ethnic Conflict လူမခ ်ဳစိုေဋေကၡမခာ
5. Religious Conflict ဘာသာေ ရ ေဋေကၡမခာ
6. Ideological Conflict ဝါေဒရ ေဋေကၡမခာ
18. Quality & Character of the
population
• Age
• Sex Distribution
• Trends in birth rates
• Standards of living
• Health
• Literacy
• Productive capacity &
Skills
• Customs & Beliefs
• Moral Standards & Morale
• National Character
21. Legitimate Forms Corrupt Forms
Who governs Rule in the interest of all Rule in the interest of Selves
One Monarchy Tyranny
Few Aristocracy Oligarchy
Many Polity Democracy
Government• The governing body of a state.
• The System by which a state or community is
governed.
29. 1. How Various agencies are organized
အဖ ြဲ႕အစည္ အမခ ်ဳမခ ်ဳကို ဖ ြဲ႕စည္ ထာ သည္ ေံ ိုစံ
2. What Power is entrusted to those agencies
ထိုအဖ ြဲ႕အစည္ မခာ ကို အေ္ ႏ ွင္ ထာ သည္ ့ အာဏာ
3. In what manner such power is to be exercised.
အာဏာကို ကခင္ ့သံ ို ေံ ို ကခင္ ့သံ ို နည္
ဖ ြဲ႕စည္ ေံ ိုေအ ခခံဥေေဒ၏
အေၤ ါရေ္ (၃) ခို
30. ဖ ြဲ႕စည္ ေံ ိုေအ ခခံဥေေဒကို
အမခ ်ဳအစာ ဖခြဲ ခင္
1. Written or Unwritten, or Codified or Un-codified
(ေ ရ ၊ ေမရ ) (အတအကခ၊ မတမကခ)
2. rigid or flexible
(ေ ောင္ ရန္က္၊ ေ်ဳတြလယ္ ေင္ငလယ္)
3. Effective, Nominal or Facade Constitution
(ထေ ရာက္၊ သာမန္၊ ဟန္ ေ)
33. Types of Political
Animals
1. Agitate
2. Deliberate
3. Educate
Types of Political
Behavior
1. Activist
2. Politician
3. Statesman
34. Element of National
Power• Geography
• Size
• Location
• Topography & Climate
• Natural Resources & Availability of Raw Materials
• Economic Development
• Military Preparedness
• National Character & National Morale
• Political Structure & Leadership
• Ideology
• Population
• Technology
• Human Resources
42. Power
• Power in the context of World Politics, can be seen as;
- A set of attributes or capabilities
- An influence process
- Ability to control resources,
behavior of other states, events, outcomes of
interaction (cooperative or conflictual)
Powe
r
Forc
e
InfluenceAuthorit
y
43. Types of Power
• Diplomatic Power
• State Power
• Personal Power
46. Smart Power
Hard Power refers to coercive tactics; the threat or
use of armed forces, economics pressure or sanctions,
assassination.
Soft Power includes diplomacy, dissemination of
information, Propaganda and Cultural Programming to
achieve political end.
Hard Power
Soft Power
The ability to obtain what you want through
cooperation and attraction rather Hard & Soft.
49. Balance of Power
Theory
• Unipolar ( Post-cold war - United State of
America)
• Bipolar ( in Cold War - USA & USSR)
• Multipolar ( Now BRIC & US)
50. Rise of Multi-
polarity
Latin America Africa Middle East Asia & Ocenia
• Argentina
• Chile
• Mexico
• Venezuela
• Nigeria
• South Africa
• Israel
• Egypt
• Saudi
Arabia
• Iran
• China
• Russia
• India
• Japan
• South
Korea
• Indonesia
• Pakistan
• Australia
51. Post-
Modern
World
• To protect sovereignty
• Balance of Power ; interest and
ambitions of one state
• Constrained by the capabilities other
state.
Pre-modern
World
• Political instability and Economic
Development
• Weak States, Failed States or Rouge
State
Modern World
• Beyond power politics and abandon war
• Multilateral Agreements international
law & global governance (e.g EU)
53. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
(IPE)
IPE is a combination of international relations and political
economy.
• relationship between political forces and economic
interactions.
• political economy is a social science that analyzes
political and economic processes, their interrelations and
their influence.
56. Relation between Individuals, Society, State,
Market
Economic Liberalism
• Markets function best when Free of Government.
• Adam Smith, David Ricardo Comparative
Advantage
• Keynes Middle Way ( Manage, not
control to Gov;)
- International Wealth is maximized with free exchange of
goods and services; on the basis of comparative advantage
57. Mercantilism/
Statism
•To increase State Power, achieved by
regulating economic life; economics is
subordinate to State interest.
•Protectionism
- by State to limit their imports.
- the primary goals is to protect domestic against
competition from Foreign Firms.
•Characteristics of Protectionism
- Quota (ေအရအတြတက္ ႏ ွင္ ့တြသင္ ကိုနကု ကန္႔သတ္ ခင္ )
- Tariff (တြသင္ ကိုနအပခန္)
- Subsides (အေမတာ ္ေ ၾက )
58. Competition among groups - Owners of
Wealth Laborers
Confliction and Exploitative
- Confliction relationships because of inherent
expansion of Capitalism; Seeks radicals change
in international economic system.
Radicalism/
Maxism
59. The Management of International Relations by
negotiation.
The application of intelligence & tact to the conduct of
official relations between Govs; of independent State.
The brain of State Power (Morgenthau)
Diplomacy Definition
60. Diplomac
y
• The Process of Conducting Communication among
States through officially recognized representatives.
• A Major dimension of Foreign Policy with Foreign
Ministers and their Diplomats Living abroad
• Recent Diplomats Practice by Non-State Actors; IOs,
Human Right Groups & MNCs.
63. Functions of Diplomatic
Mission
1. Representing State
2. Symbolic Representation
3. Obtaining Information
4. Promoting & Protecting the Interest of
National
5. Policy making by Diplomats
73. Special Envoys of UN Secretary-
General;
• United Nations Special Envoy for HIV/ AIDS in
Africa
• United Nations Special Envoy on Climate
Change
• United Nations Special Envoy for Kosovo
74. •Political Aspect of IR State, Political Theory
•Economic Aspect of IR Approach to IPE
(3 Ism)
Conclusion