The document discusses the importance of nutrition in enhancing productivity and economic development by improving health and cognitive performance. It outlines the distinctions between macronutrients and micronutrients, their sources, energy contributions, and the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. The document highlights the critical role of nutrition in preventing diseases and improving overall health, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.

1. Introduction to Human Nutrition
Wad Medani College of Medical
Science and Technology
Dr . Sahar Hussein Saeed
University of Khartoum
Community Medicine ,MD
August- 2021

2. Why Invest in Nutrition?
Improving nutrition contributes to
productivity, economic, growth &
development, by improving physical
work capacity, cognitive
development, school performance,
and health by reducing disease and
mortality.

3. Learning objectives:
Understand difference between Macro and
micronutrients
Describe two main manifestation of PEM
Identify the common micronutrient
deficiencies
Highlight common Malnutrition problems in
Sudan

4. Nutrients:
Macro Micro
Protein Vitamin
Carbohydrates Mineral
Fat
• All food are made up of combination macronutrients
and micronutrients

5. Macro nutrients
Form bulk of diet and supply all energy needed by body
In developing countries :
• Carbohydrates main source of energy = 80%
• Fat provides 8 to 10% of energy
 Amount of energy provided by each
• carbohydrates and protein provides 4 kcal g
• Fat provides 9kcalg
Energy requirements :
Total amount of energy needed depend on: age , sex ,
physical activity , body size

6. Micro-nutrients
It includes all vitamins and minerals
Required in tiny amount
Essential for life
Needed for wide range of body functions and process.
Micronutrients deficiencies are wide spread and affect large
number of people in developing countries

7. It increase risk of : disease , disability, and death .
• Eg: 250,000 to 400,000 children become blind due to vitamin A
deficiency.
Requirements depend on: age, sex, key period of life ,
pregnancy , lactation , infant

8.  Utilization of micronutrients
absorption depends on:
1. Form of food
2. Other items in food , inhibitor or enhancer
3. Infection
4. Food preparation

9. Next session