This document provides an introduction to finance including definitions and categories. Finance is defined generally as the management of money funds from various sources to launch projects or run businesses. It also involves the study of financial systems, instruments, assets and liabilities. The document outlines three main categories of finance: public finance, corporate finance, and personal finance. Public finance involves the management of government funds from taxes, customs, sovereign debt etc. Corporate finance includes sources of funds for businesses from equity, loans, retained earnings and financial/trade debts. Personal finance covers an individual's management of income from salaries, rents, interests as well as financial and other debts.

1. Finance
INTRODUCTION
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2. Introduction to Finance
Definition
 General definition:
“Management of money funds from one or a combination of sources, in order
to integrate with other necessary elements (land and labor) needed to launch a
specific project or to run a business.”
 Investopedia:
“The science that describes the management, creation and study of money,
banking, credit, investments, assets and liabilities. Finance consists of financial
systems, which include the public, private and government spaces, and the
study of finance and financial instruments, which can relate to countless assets
and liabilities.”
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3. Introduction to Finance
Categories
 Public Finance
 Corporate Finance
 Personal Finance *
All three of which would contain many sub-categories.
* Also called Individual Finance and in Banking Industry “Retail”
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4. Introduction to Finance – Public Finance
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Sources
In term of Orientation
Internal External
Return of Service
or Product
Sovereign Debt
1. Services:
- Authorizations.
- Licenses
2. Products:
- Power
- Utilities
- Taxes.
- Customs
- Treasury Bills
- Public Debt
National International
- Expatriates Transfers
- Overseas Projects Income
- Treasury Bonds (IBs)
- Foreign Debt

5. Introduction to Finance – Corporate Finance
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Sources
In term of Orientation
Internal External
Equity Subordinated
Loans
Contributions
- Capital
- Retained Earnings
- Preferred Stocks *
- From
Shareholders
- From
Related Entities
- Cooperatives
- Non-Profit
Organizations
Financial Debts Trade Debts
1. Banks
- Loans
- Overdrafts
- Advances from
Customers
- Suppliers
2. Bonds
3. Premium Stocks
4. Equity Finance* Also called: Senior Stocks

6. Introduction to Finance – Personal Finance
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Sources
In term of Orientation
Internal External
Fixed Income Variable Income
- Salaries
- Earned Rents
- Received Interests
- Bonus
- Allowances
- Intellectual
Property
Rights
Financial Debts Other Debts
1. Banks
- Loans
- Overdrafts
- Advances
- Graces

7. Thank you
Ahmed MOUSTAPHA
Manager – Corporate Finance
QNB ALAHLI Bank
am.moustapha3@gmail.com
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