This document discusses the history and basics of the C programming language. It covers: - The origins and evolution of C from languages like ALGOL and BCPL in the 1960s-1970s. Key developments include Dennis Ritchie creating C at Bell Labs in 1972 and the standardization of ANSI C in 1989. - Characteristics of C like being robust, portable, supporting structured programming, and having a rich set of operators and data types. - The basic structure of a C program including documentation, library links, global declarations, the main function, and other functions. - An overview of the compilation process in environments like Turbo C++ and Linux, involving creating, compiling,

1. CE141 : COMPUTER CONCEPTS AND PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION TO C
Prepared by :
Ms.Trusha Patel
Assistant Professor
https://sites.google.com/view/mrstrusha
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

2. HISTORY OF C
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

3. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
ALGOL
B
BCPL
Traditional C
K&R C
ANSI C
ANSI/ISO C
C99
International Group
KenThompson
Martin Richards
Dennis Ritchie
Kernighan & Ritchie
ANSICommittee
ISO Committee
Standardization
Committee
1960
1970
1967
1972
1978
1989
1990
1999

4. History of C
• ALGOL
• Root of all modern language
• Introduced in early 1960s
• First computer language use a block structure
• Not popular in USA, widely used in Europe
• Gave concept of structure programming to computer science society
• BCPL
• BCPL : Basic Combined Programming Language
• Martin Richards developed in 1967
• Developed to write system software
• B
• KenThompson developed in 1970
• Used to create early version of UNIX operating system at Bell laboratories
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

5. History of C
• Traditional C
• Evolved by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories in 1972
• Used many concepts of ALGOL, BCPL and B
• Strongly associated with UNIX
• UNIX was coded almost in C
• K&R C
• C become more popular after publication of book “The c Programming language” by
Brain Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie in 1978
• Then C came to known as “K&R C” in programming community
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

6. History of C
• ANSI C
• Rapid growth of C led to the development of different version of language that were similar
but often incompatible which is serious problem for system developers
• ANCI (American National Standards Institute) appointed a technical team to define standards
of C in 1989
• The committee is approved the version of C in 1989 known asANSI C
• ANSI/ISO C
• Version of C then approved by ISO (international Standards Organization) in 1990
• Also referred asC89
• C99
• Standardization committee of C felt that few features of C++/Java, if added in C, would
enhance the usefulness of language
• New standard of C given , known as C99
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

7. CHARACTERISTICSOF C
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

8. Characteristics of C
• Robust language
• Rich set of built-in functions, operators, data types, keywords
• Combines capabilities of assembly language and hi-level language both
so well suited for writing both system software and business packages
• Highly portable
• Well suited for structured programming
• Ability to extend itself
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

9. BASIC STRUCTURE
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10. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

11. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Contains set of comment lines, gives name
of program, author and other detail
*{
Aim : addition of two numbers
Author :Trusha Patel
Last date of modification : 7-9-2018
}*
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

12. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Provide link to the system library
#include<stdio.h>
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

13. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Define all symbolic constants
#define PI 3.14
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

14. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Declaration of global variables and user-
defined functions
int a;
int add(int,int);
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

15. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Exactly one main section
Program execution start from main
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

16. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
Exactly one main section
Program execution start from main
Declare local variables and functions
int amount;
Executable statements
scanf(“%d”,&amount);
printf(“hi I have %d Rs.”,amount);
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

17. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
All user defined functions
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

18. Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT
All user defined functions
int add(int a, int b)
{
//body of add function
}
Documentation Section
Link Section
Definition Section
Global Declaration Section
main() function section
{
}
Subprogram section
Declaration part
Execution part
Function 1
Function 2
…
Function n

19. COMPILATION PROCESS
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20. 1)Turbo C++ IDE
• Create file
• Select new option from file menu
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

21. 1)Turbo C++ IDE
• Compile file
• Select compile option from
compile menu or Alt+F9
• Create .obj file after compilation
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

22. 1)Turbo C++ IDE
• Run file
• Select run option from run menu
or Ctrl+F9
• Create .exe file after run
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

23. 2) Linux
• Create file
• Use text editor command like
ed/vi
• Open blank file with given name
• Write your program and do
Shift+: then wq to save file
• Use ls command to see created
file
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

24. 2) Linux
• Compile file
Single file compilation
• Use compilation command cc/gcc
• Create a.out file
• Can change out file name with –o
option with cc/gcc command
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

25. 2) Linux
• Compile file
Multiple file compilation
• Use compilation command cc/gcc
with –c option
• Create .o file
• Use cc/gcc command to compile
all .o files together
• Create a.out file
• Can rename out file using –o
option
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT

26. 2) Linux
• Run file
• Use ./ out file name
Chandubhai S Patel Intitute ofTechnology(CSPIT), CHARUSAT