The document provides tips for effective public speaking. It discusses the importance of having a clear strategy or plan for a presentation. Some key techniques mentioned include introducing lists with phrases like "there are three things," providing links between different parts of the presentation using phrases like "now let's turn to," sequencing information logically using words like "first" and "then," carefully repeating key points, and being mindful of audience attention spans and information overload. The document also notes the importance of things like transitions, linking words, keeping main ideas prominent, audience engagement, avoiding problems, and ending on a positive note when possible.

2. Any presentation requires a clear strategy or plan to
help you reach your objectives. The aim is not to
pass away twenty minutes talking non-stop and
showing a lot of nice pictures. It is to convey a
message that is worth hearing to an audience who
want to hear it. However, how many speakers
really hold an audience and what they need to
know. Plan what you’re going to say and say it
clearly and concisely.
A good speaker uses various signals to help hold the
audience’s attention and make the information
clear. One type of singal is to introduce a list with a
phrase like there are three things we have to
consider. The speaker then says what the three
things are and talks about each one at the
required level of detail. For example:

3. First, economic price. This is based on production
costs and the need to make profit… and the
speaker goes on to describe this type of price.
After that, he goes on to talk about the market
price and so on.
Another signaling technique is to give a link between
parts of the presentation. Say where one part of
the talk finishes and another starts. For example, a
well organized presentation usually contains
different parts and progression from one part to the
next must be clear, with phrases like “That’s all I
want to say about the development of the
product. Now let’s turn to the actual marketing
plan.” This technique is very helpful to the
audience, including those who are mainly
interested in one part only.
Another type of signaling is sequencing of
information. This usually follows a logical order,
perhaps based on time. So a project may be
described in terms of the background, the present
situation and the future. Key words in sequencing
information are first, then, next, after that, later, at
the end, finally, etc.

4. Still another technique which helps to emphasize key
points is careful repetition. Examples are “As I’ve
already said, there is no alternative but to increase
production by 100% or I’d like to emphasis the main
benefit of the new designed – it archives twice as
much power with half as much fuel.”
A final point concerns timing and quality of
information. Psychologists have suggested that the
concentration is reduced after about twenty
minutes without a break or a change in activity.
Furthermore, audiences should not be
overburdened with technical details or given too
many facts to remember. It is claimed that to ask
people to remember more than three things in a
five minute talk is too much. Some say that seven is
the maximum number of any length of
presentation. Any such calculations are probably
not very reliable, but every speaker needs to think
about exactly how much information of a
particular type a specific audience is likely to
absorb and to plan accordingly.

5.  Talking about a problem
› Main points
› Issues when solving the problem
› How it will be or was taken care of.
 Talking about solutions to the problem
› How they fixed the issue
 Process
 How they discovered the solution
› What are the results then and now
› What you hope will happen in the future
 Remember to keep your parts easy to
follow and understand!!

6. Which of these two presentations is easier
to follow and understand?
Why?

7.  Make sure you have great transitions
between different parts of your presentation.
 Use linking words to help you:
› Sequencing words (First, Then, next)
› Adding words (and, also, in addition)
› Contrasting words (On the other hand, but,
others say)
› Starting a new ides (Moving on, Let’s now talk
about)
 There are a lot more linking words

8.  Keep your main ideas prominent and
review them multiple time
 Have something interesting or
pronounced in each main idea
 Don’t linger too much on one item when
not necessary.
 Have enough things to keep people
awake.

9.  Boring information
 Bad slide design
 Bad visuals
 Monotone (voice issues)
 Not prepared enough
 Boring story
 Speakers volume
 Audience issues (too hot/cold, hungry,
tired)
 Digress too much
 No body language/ eye contact

10. What are the main points of this
presentation?

11.  Always end discussing very briefly the
problems and solutions while discussing
major items more than the little things.
 Make your call to action clear and
understandable.
 End positively when necessary.
 Leave them thinking.
 Thank them for their time.
 Ask for questions or discussion if time
permits.

12.  Listen…
 Which is a better ending?
› So I think that’s it. any questions?
› Well, that concludes my talk. Let’s now move
on to discuss any points you want to talk
more on or questions you have.

13.  Listen again…
 Make sure to understand the questions that are
being given
 Ask them to repeat the question if you can’t
understand or ask for clarification.
 Take the time to give a good answer.
 Make sure your answer that satisfies everyone
› Confidential
› Doesn’t take too long to discuss
› Is part of the presentation.
› Say you don’t know if you don’t
 Stay in control
 End the time politely and Thank them again for the
time.

14.  Listen….
 Which is the best of the three?
 Why?

15.  Slow Down
 Be careful of using filler words (um, uh)
 Don’t just read what is on the slide
 Short stories and anecdotes are great
fillers for time and keeps interest up.
 Use your voice.
 Finish early. (but not too early)
 Have fun.