This document provides an introduction to advanced machine design from Dr. Rudresh M of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering. It discusses engineering design as an iterative decision making process to create and optimize new systems. It also covers design considerations such as all parts being able to transmit necessary forces, withstanding operating life, being inspectable, not interfering with other parts, and having consistent weight and cost. Failure modes are defined as changes rendering a machine unable to function, and common failure modes seen in practice are described, including fatigue, corrosion, creep, and wear. Finally, theories of failure for ductile and brittle materials are outlined.