Hypoxia and uses

1. Hypoxia and uses

2. Oxygen binding capacity （CO2max）
1. Definition：It is the maximum amount of
oxygen that can be combined to hemoglobin in
100 ml of blood.
2.Normal value： 20ml/dl
Hypoxia

3. Sodium-Potassium pump
 At rest Sodium-
potassium pumps
function to maintain the
negative internal
environment of the cell
 How?
 Sodium potassium
pump pumps out
three Na+ ions for
every two K+ ions it
takes in
 Net negative charge
inside as compared to
the outside of the
cell

4. Sodium-Potassium pump cont.
 The sodium potassium
pump keeps high a high
concentration of Na+
outside of the cell and a
low concentration
inside
 It also keeps a high
concentration of K+
inside the cell and a low
concentration inside. Inside the cell
Outside the cell
Na+ K+
Lots of Na+ ions outside of cell

5. Action potential
 An action potential is a
temporary reversal of the
polarity (charge) inside
the cell compared to the
outside
 This action potentials are
responsible for sending
signals in a neuron
 Steps to an action
potential
 Depolarization
 Repolarization
 Return to resting
membrane potential

6. Oxygen content（CO2）
1.Definition：It is the actual content of oxygen
in 100ml blood.
2.Normal value： CaO2=19ml/dl
CvO2=14ml/dl
Hypoxia

7. Arteriovenous oxygen content (Ca-vO2)
19ml/dl 14ml/dl
5ml/dl
O2 O2 O2 O2 O2
A V
Definition: It is the difference of oxygen
content between arterial blood and mixed
venous blood.
Normal value： 5ml/dl

8. Definition: It is the percentage of
hemoglobin present as oxyhemoglobin.
Oxygen saturation (SO2)
Normal value：SaO2=95%; SvO2=70%
CO2-dissolved O2
CO2max
100%
=
SO2
Hypoxia

9. P50
Definition: P50 is a parameter reflecting
the affinity of Hb to oxygen; it is the O2
pressure required to sturate 50% of Hb.
Normal value：26~28 mmHg

10. Dissociation curve of
oxyhemoglobin
20
40
60
80
100
20 40 60 80 100
Hb
Saturation
(%)
PaO2 (mmHg)
pH↓
2,3-DPG↑
CO2 ↑
Temperature↑
Leftward-shifted
curve:
Rightward-shifted
curve
Hypoxia