DSGi is the leading European specialist retailer of consumer electronics operating major chains like Currys, Dixons, PC World and The Link. It has over £7 billion in annual sales with a third coming from international stores. The document discusses DSGi's strategy to expand across Europe and its product range. It also outlines the company's mission of "Being the Best" by operating with honesty, outstanding customer service, respecting colleagues, continually improving and working together to beat competition.
In this presentation delivered at the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Six Minute Business Lawyer Conference on June 6, 2013, Bill Hearn addresses recent developments and trends in Canadian consumer protection law.
The document discusses consumer protection challenges and issues in Indonesia. It outlines Indonesia's vast territory and long borders, which creates challenges for market surveillance. It also discusses how increasing free trade agreements have led to rising imports and additional surveillance needs. The document then summarizes Indonesia's key consumer protection laws and regulations. It describes the country's integrated surveillance system conducted by various government agencies. Current consumer issues are highlighted, such as goods not meeting agreements, standards, or labeling requirements. The government enforces laws through investigations and recalls to protect consumers from unsafe or non-compliant products.
This document discusses consumer protection laws and regulations. It provides an overview of reasons for regulating business practices, such as avoiding anti-competitive behavior and misleading marketing. Benefits of regulation include protecting customers and businesses from negative impacts while guaranteeing minimum standards of consumer protection, health, and safety. Key areas of regulation discussed include product quality, pricing, marketing and advertising practices, and consumer rights. International organizations that promote cooperation on consumer protection issues are also summarized.
The document outlines the course content for a class on Consumer Protection Law in Kenya. It covers 9 classes that will:
1. Provide an introduction to consumer protection law, including the historical context and emergence of consumer protection.
2. Examine private law approaches like contract and tort law, and will include a group exercise debating a past case.
3. Cover public law measures for consumer protection, including group presentations on selected legislation. It will also cover Kenya's Consumer Protection Act of 2012 in depth over several classes.
4. Discuss the effects of regional economic communities and international law on cross-border consumer issues.
5. Conclude with group presentations and a moot exercise applying the concepts
Problem practices in Competition Law - Presentation to CMA AcademyNicolas Petit
This presentation addresses the issue of the gap practices, that do not facially fall fould of the classic antitrust prohibitions (eg, planned obscolescence, shrouding, IP tracking, etc.). It adresses the issue of default legal instruments, such as Section V of the FTC act. A paper on this is in the making.
6. price squeezes with positive margins in eu competition law. economic and ...Matias González Muñoz
This document summarizes and critiques the positive margin squeeze theory established in the TeliaSonera case law. It argues the theory is flawed on both economic and legal grounds. Through a numerical bakery example, it shows that any wholesale input price above marginal cost but allowing the competitor a positive margin cannot yield exclusionary effects, as the competitor can remain profitable, save profits, and eventually invest to become vertically integrated. It concludes the sole rationale for intervening in such cases is that the input price makes the competitor's life comparatively more difficult, but any price will have this effect, so the input price is causally irrelevant. The positive margin squeeze theory is an economic and legal "zombie" that can be disregarded.
This document discusses potential competition law issues regarding social media platforms, focusing on Facebook. It begins by providing context on competition law cases in the IT sector, noting Facebook has not faced antitrust scrutiny yet. It then summarizes the rise of social media and Facebook's dominance in the field. The document outlines how market definition is complicated for social media by its two-sided nature. It proposes adapting the SSNIP test to evaluate quality over price for free services. The analysis will then identify if Facebook holds a dominant position and potential exploitative or exclusionary abuses of that position under EU competition law.
In this presentation delivered at the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Six Minute Business Lawyer Conference on June 6, 2013, Bill Hearn addresses recent developments and trends in Canadian consumer protection law.
The document discusses consumer protection challenges and issues in Indonesia. It outlines Indonesia's vast territory and long borders, which creates challenges for market surveillance. It also discusses how increasing free trade agreements have led to rising imports and additional surveillance needs. The document then summarizes Indonesia's key consumer protection laws and regulations. It describes the country's integrated surveillance system conducted by various government agencies. Current consumer issues are highlighted, such as goods not meeting agreements, standards, or labeling requirements. The government enforces laws through investigations and recalls to protect consumers from unsafe or non-compliant products.
This document discusses consumer protection laws and regulations. It provides an overview of reasons for regulating business practices, such as avoiding anti-competitive behavior and misleading marketing. Benefits of regulation include protecting customers and businesses from negative impacts while guaranteeing minimum standards of consumer protection, health, and safety. Key areas of regulation discussed include product quality, pricing, marketing and advertising practices, and consumer rights. International organizations that promote cooperation on consumer protection issues are also summarized.
The document outlines the course content for a class on Consumer Protection Law in Kenya. It covers 9 classes that will:
1. Provide an introduction to consumer protection law, including the historical context and emergence of consumer protection.
2. Examine private law approaches like contract and tort law, and will include a group exercise debating a past case.
3. Cover public law measures for consumer protection, including group presentations on selected legislation. It will also cover Kenya's Consumer Protection Act of 2012 in depth over several classes.
4. Discuss the effects of regional economic communities and international law on cross-border consumer issues.
5. Conclude with group presentations and a moot exercise applying the concepts
Problem practices in Competition Law - Presentation to CMA AcademyNicolas Petit
This presentation addresses the issue of the gap practices, that do not facially fall fould of the classic antitrust prohibitions (eg, planned obscolescence, shrouding, IP tracking, etc.). It adresses the issue of default legal instruments, such as Section V of the FTC act. A paper on this is in the making.
6. price squeezes with positive margins in eu competition law. economic and ...Matias González Muñoz
This document summarizes and critiques the positive margin squeeze theory established in the TeliaSonera case law. It argues the theory is flawed on both economic and legal grounds. Through a numerical bakery example, it shows that any wholesale input price above marginal cost but allowing the competitor a positive margin cannot yield exclusionary effects, as the competitor can remain profitable, save profits, and eventually invest to become vertically integrated. It concludes the sole rationale for intervening in such cases is that the input price makes the competitor's life comparatively more difficult, but any price will have this effect, so the input price is causally irrelevant. The positive margin squeeze theory is an economic and legal "zombie" that can be disregarded.
This document discusses potential competition law issues regarding social media platforms, focusing on Facebook. It begins by providing context on competition law cases in the IT sector, noting Facebook has not faced antitrust scrutiny yet. It then summarizes the rise of social media and Facebook's dominance in the field. The document outlines how market definition is complicated for social media by its two-sided nature. It proposes adapting the SSNIP test to evaluate quality over price for free services. The analysis will then identify if Facebook holds a dominant position and potential exploitative or exclusionary abuses of that position under EU competition law.
This document provides an overview of EU competition law. It discusses key topics including:
- The application of EU competition law to the 27 EU member states and EEA countries.
- The relevant institutions that enforce competition policy, including the European Commission.
- The objectives of competition law to protect competition in free markets and promote efficiency.
- Key aspects regulated by competition law including restrictive agreements between companies and abuse of dominant market position.
- Articles 101 and 102 of the EU Treaty which prohibit anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance.
Russell Kennedy Special Counsel, David Littlejohn, takes us through the development of Australian consumer legislation, including:
- Trade Practices Act 1974
- Competition and Consumer Act 2010
- Schedule 2: Australian Consumer Law
On 25 September, Michael Jerabek from the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission addressed the MDCC about such topics as small businesses & the Competition and Consumer Act, advertising & selling, social media and much more.
EU Competition Policy vs. US Antitrust in Abuse of a Dominant PositionRCELLUCCI
The document compares dominant position policies in the EU and US. The EU policy under Article 82 is more stringent and explicitly places responsibility on dominant firms to not distort competition. The two policies differ most in their approaches to refusal to deal cases and exclusionary practices cases. While the US prioritizes firm autonomy and avoiding false positives, the EU is more willing to intervene to ensure market contestability, especially in network markets.
Prof. Pier Luigi Parcu
Director, Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom
pierluigi.parcu@eui.eu @PLParcu
CMPF Summer School 2013 for Journalists and Media Practitioners
http://cmpf.eui.eu/training/summer-school-2013.aspx
This document provides an agenda and summaries for a presentation on hot topics in antitrust compliance and enforcement in the US and EU. The topics discussed include the EU's expanded definition of cartels to include information exchanges, the risk of price signaling in the US, enforcement focus on restrictions in online sales and distribution in the EU, and the treatment of resale price maintenance in the US following a 2007 Supreme Court decision. Case examples are also provided.
This document provides information about purchasing a BUSN 420 Final Exam from an online test preparation service. It includes the link to purchase three different exam sets, each containing short essay questions and multiple choice questions. It also provides contact information for the test preparation service.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the Third Baltic Countries Seminar on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which brought together representatives from European Consumer Centers in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. The speakers presented on existing ADR schemes in their countries and highlighted procedures, requirements, fees and availability for cross-border disputes. Key issues discussed included obstacles faced in accessing ADR, improvements to accessibility, the role of European Consumer Centers, and how ADR mechanisms cooperate in practice on individual cases. Country-by-country presentations provided overviews of ADR bodies and processes in each represented nation.
The relationship between intellectual property rights and competition lawDiganth Raj Sehgal
This document discusses the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and competition law. It provides definitions of competition law and IPRs. It describes how the European Commission established a committee to create a single market for IPRs in Europe. It discusses the inherent tension between IPRs and competition laws, as IPRs provide monopoly protections while competition laws aim to eliminate monopolies. It analyzes various articles of European Union law regarding licenses of IPRs and technology transfer agreements. Finally, it examines case law related to IPRs and competition laws.
10. the judgment of the eu general court in intel and the so-called ’more ec...Matias González Muñoz
This document discusses the EU General Court's 2014 judgment in the Intel case and whether the EU case law on exclusivity rebates by dominant companies is economically sound. It argues that the EU case law is based on valid economic principles and categorization, and that criticism of the case law as not being "effects-based" is unfounded. The document also analyzes why the "as efficient competitor" test proposed as an alternative approach is not appropriate for assessing legality under Article 102 of the EU Treaty.
Legal aspects of social commerce Sirius Legal at BDMA Legal Day 2015Bart Van Den Brande
This document summarizes the key legal challenges of mobile and social commerce. It notes that social selling, auctions, and reviews on social media and mobile devices now account for 75% of commerce. US social commerce sales are estimated to reach $15 billion in 2015 and $56 billion over time. Major platforms like Twitter and Amazon began introducing in-platform purchasing in 2014. However, distance sales and consumer protection regulations regarding information disclosure, return policies, and privacy apply equally to social and mobile commerce. Compliance can be challenging given format limitations of social media.
The document summarizes three recent antitrust cases from the EU, Netherlands, and UK that focused on price signaling. The EU case involves container shipping companies publicly announcing price increases, while the Dutch case involved mobile phone operators making public statements about future pricing without internal decisions. In the UK case, cement producers were sending generic price announcement letters, which the regulator found could facilitate coordination. The cases demonstrate increased scrutiny of public announcements and signals about pricing, as regulators view them as potentially reducing competition.
1. intel and article 102 tfeu case law. making sense of a perpetual controversyMatias González Muñoz
This document summarizes a paper analyzing the persistent controversy around case law concerning exclusive dealing and loyalty rebates under Article 102 TFEU. The paper seeks to explain why disagreement over these practices has continued for decades. It argues that the controversy stems primarily from "frictions" in the case law where some rulings are difficult to reconcile with the logic of others, rather than fundamental disagreements over objectives. Specifically, exclusive dealing and rebates are currently subject to a "rule" where they are presumed abusive, but the paper argues they are more analogous to practices subject to a "standard" where effects must be demonstrated.
Regulators took enforcement actions against over 25 companies in 2015 for deceptive advertising of consumer financial products. The top lessons from these actions were: 1) advertisements must accurately explain the nature of the product; 2) all terms and conditions must be clearly disclosed; 3) advertisements must represent offers that are actually available; 4) companies are responsible for oversight of vendors' advertising; and 5) advertisements cannot obscure their true source.
Initio digital innovation digest #16 july 2019Initio
The document summarizes recent digital innovations in banking and insurance. It describes a Russian bank opening a pilot branch located inside a McDonald's restaurant to reach more customers. It also details a Swedish credit card that tracks carbon emissions from purchases and caps the user's total emissions. Finally, it discusses a French insurtech company that has developed an app allowing users to conduct remote vehicle or property inspections using photos and videos to streamline the claims process.
The document discusses India's Consumer Protection Act which was passed in 1986 to protect consumers from unfair trade practices. It aims to promote consumer welfare and empower consumers. The Act established consumer forums at the district, state and national levels to address consumer complaints. It defines who constitutes a consumer and outlines consumer rights such as the right to safety, information, choice and being heard. Government agencies and consumer organizations play a role in enforcing the act and advocating for consumers.
The code applies to advertisements across various media formats including print, electronic, online and public spaces. It covers marketing databases and sales promotions.
The central principles are that all marketing communications must be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Marketers must also act with responsibility towards consumers and society.
The basic rules of compliance are that marketing must be legal and truthful, reflect the spirit of the code, act responsibly, comply with relevant rules, respect fair competition, and cooperate with regulatory bodies. Marketers must also deal fairly with consumers.
The document discusses the expansion of competition law litigation in the EU and UK. It notes that follow-on damages claims after regulatory fines are common, but that stand-alone claims not relying on regulatory decisions also occur regularly. It provides examples of UK cases where companies have been awarded damages for competition law infringements. It also outlines reforms at the EU and UK level to further promote private competition litigation, such as by introducing presumptions of harm from cartel activity and an opt-out class action regime in the UK. The goal is to empower businesses and consumers to challenge anti-competitive behavior.
This document discusses why consumers should be interested in competition law. It explains that competition law aims to protect the competitive process, not competitors, by prohibiting anti-competitive practices. When firms compete through fair means like innovation and efficiency, it benefits consumers through lower prices, better quality and more choice. Competition law establishes a competition authority to investigate anti-competitive conduct like cartels, abuse of dominance, and anti-competitive mergers. Enforcement of competition law promotes consumer welfare.
Patriots Day is a holiday celebrated the third Monday in April in Massachusetts and Maine to commemorate the anniversary of the American Revolutionary War. Boston celebrates by hosting the Boston Marathon, a large race that draws thousands of spectators, while other towns hold parades, ceremonies, and reenactments of Revolutionary War battles.
Boletim oficial 05 classificao 1 fase faebuenofutsal
A tabela classificatória mostra que o UFPR lidera o campeonato com 6 pontos e saldo de 11 gols, seguido pelo PUC com 3 pontos e saldo de 13 gols. Os jogos da próxima rodada serão entre PUC x UNICURITIBA e UTFPR x FAE na sexta-feira.
This document provides an overview of EU competition law. It discusses key topics including:
- The application of EU competition law to the 27 EU member states and EEA countries.
- The relevant institutions that enforce competition policy, including the European Commission.
- The objectives of competition law to protect competition in free markets and promote efficiency.
- Key aspects regulated by competition law including restrictive agreements between companies and abuse of dominant market position.
- Articles 101 and 102 of the EU Treaty which prohibit anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance.
Russell Kennedy Special Counsel, David Littlejohn, takes us through the development of Australian consumer legislation, including:
- Trade Practices Act 1974
- Competition and Consumer Act 2010
- Schedule 2: Australian Consumer Law
On 25 September, Michael Jerabek from the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission addressed the MDCC about such topics as small businesses & the Competition and Consumer Act, advertising & selling, social media and much more.
EU Competition Policy vs. US Antitrust in Abuse of a Dominant PositionRCELLUCCI
The document compares dominant position policies in the EU and US. The EU policy under Article 82 is more stringent and explicitly places responsibility on dominant firms to not distort competition. The two policies differ most in their approaches to refusal to deal cases and exclusionary practices cases. While the US prioritizes firm autonomy and avoiding false positives, the EU is more willing to intervene to ensure market contestability, especially in network markets.
Prof. Pier Luigi Parcu
Director, Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom
pierluigi.parcu@eui.eu @PLParcu
CMPF Summer School 2013 for Journalists and Media Practitioners
http://cmpf.eui.eu/training/summer-school-2013.aspx
This document provides an agenda and summaries for a presentation on hot topics in antitrust compliance and enforcement in the US and EU. The topics discussed include the EU's expanded definition of cartels to include information exchanges, the risk of price signaling in the US, enforcement focus on restrictions in online sales and distribution in the EU, and the treatment of resale price maintenance in the US following a 2007 Supreme Court decision. Case examples are also provided.
This document provides information about purchasing a BUSN 420 Final Exam from an online test preparation service. It includes the link to purchase three different exam sets, each containing short essay questions and multiple choice questions. It also provides contact information for the test preparation service.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the Third Baltic Countries Seminar on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which brought together representatives from European Consumer Centers in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. The speakers presented on existing ADR schemes in their countries and highlighted procedures, requirements, fees and availability for cross-border disputes. Key issues discussed included obstacles faced in accessing ADR, improvements to accessibility, the role of European Consumer Centers, and how ADR mechanisms cooperate in practice on individual cases. Country-by-country presentations provided overviews of ADR bodies and processes in each represented nation.
The relationship between intellectual property rights and competition lawDiganth Raj Sehgal
This document discusses the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and competition law. It provides definitions of competition law and IPRs. It describes how the European Commission established a committee to create a single market for IPRs in Europe. It discusses the inherent tension between IPRs and competition laws, as IPRs provide monopoly protections while competition laws aim to eliminate monopolies. It analyzes various articles of European Union law regarding licenses of IPRs and technology transfer agreements. Finally, it examines case law related to IPRs and competition laws.
10. the judgment of the eu general court in intel and the so-called ’more ec...Matias González Muñoz
This document discusses the EU General Court's 2014 judgment in the Intel case and whether the EU case law on exclusivity rebates by dominant companies is economically sound. It argues that the EU case law is based on valid economic principles and categorization, and that criticism of the case law as not being "effects-based" is unfounded. The document also analyzes why the "as efficient competitor" test proposed as an alternative approach is not appropriate for assessing legality under Article 102 of the EU Treaty.
Legal aspects of social commerce Sirius Legal at BDMA Legal Day 2015Bart Van Den Brande
This document summarizes the key legal challenges of mobile and social commerce. It notes that social selling, auctions, and reviews on social media and mobile devices now account for 75% of commerce. US social commerce sales are estimated to reach $15 billion in 2015 and $56 billion over time. Major platforms like Twitter and Amazon began introducing in-platform purchasing in 2014. However, distance sales and consumer protection regulations regarding information disclosure, return policies, and privacy apply equally to social and mobile commerce. Compliance can be challenging given format limitations of social media.
The document summarizes three recent antitrust cases from the EU, Netherlands, and UK that focused on price signaling. The EU case involves container shipping companies publicly announcing price increases, while the Dutch case involved mobile phone operators making public statements about future pricing without internal decisions. In the UK case, cement producers were sending generic price announcement letters, which the regulator found could facilitate coordination. The cases demonstrate increased scrutiny of public announcements and signals about pricing, as regulators view them as potentially reducing competition.
1. intel and article 102 tfeu case law. making sense of a perpetual controversyMatias González Muñoz
This document summarizes a paper analyzing the persistent controversy around case law concerning exclusive dealing and loyalty rebates under Article 102 TFEU. The paper seeks to explain why disagreement over these practices has continued for decades. It argues that the controversy stems primarily from "frictions" in the case law where some rulings are difficult to reconcile with the logic of others, rather than fundamental disagreements over objectives. Specifically, exclusive dealing and rebates are currently subject to a "rule" where they are presumed abusive, but the paper argues they are more analogous to practices subject to a "standard" where effects must be demonstrated.
Regulators took enforcement actions against over 25 companies in 2015 for deceptive advertising of consumer financial products. The top lessons from these actions were: 1) advertisements must accurately explain the nature of the product; 2) all terms and conditions must be clearly disclosed; 3) advertisements must represent offers that are actually available; 4) companies are responsible for oversight of vendors' advertising; and 5) advertisements cannot obscure their true source.
Initio digital innovation digest #16 july 2019Initio
The document summarizes recent digital innovations in banking and insurance. It describes a Russian bank opening a pilot branch located inside a McDonald's restaurant to reach more customers. It also details a Swedish credit card that tracks carbon emissions from purchases and caps the user's total emissions. Finally, it discusses a French insurtech company that has developed an app allowing users to conduct remote vehicle or property inspections using photos and videos to streamline the claims process.
The document discusses India's Consumer Protection Act which was passed in 1986 to protect consumers from unfair trade practices. It aims to promote consumer welfare and empower consumers. The Act established consumer forums at the district, state and national levels to address consumer complaints. It defines who constitutes a consumer and outlines consumer rights such as the right to safety, information, choice and being heard. Government agencies and consumer organizations play a role in enforcing the act and advocating for consumers.
The code applies to advertisements across various media formats including print, electronic, online and public spaces. It covers marketing databases and sales promotions.
The central principles are that all marketing communications must be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Marketers must also act with responsibility towards consumers and society.
The basic rules of compliance are that marketing must be legal and truthful, reflect the spirit of the code, act responsibly, comply with relevant rules, respect fair competition, and cooperate with regulatory bodies. Marketers must also deal fairly with consumers.
The document discusses the expansion of competition law litigation in the EU and UK. It notes that follow-on damages claims after regulatory fines are common, but that stand-alone claims not relying on regulatory decisions also occur regularly. It provides examples of UK cases where companies have been awarded damages for competition law infringements. It also outlines reforms at the EU and UK level to further promote private competition litigation, such as by introducing presumptions of harm from cartel activity and an opt-out class action regime in the UK. The goal is to empower businesses and consumers to challenge anti-competitive behavior.
This document discusses why consumers should be interested in competition law. It explains that competition law aims to protect the competitive process, not competitors, by prohibiting anti-competitive practices. When firms compete through fair means like innovation and efficiency, it benefits consumers through lower prices, better quality and more choice. Competition law establishes a competition authority to investigate anti-competitive conduct like cartels, abuse of dominance, and anti-competitive mergers. Enforcement of competition law promotes consumer welfare.
Patriots Day is a holiday celebrated the third Monday in April in Massachusetts and Maine to commemorate the anniversary of the American Revolutionary War. Boston celebrates by hosting the Boston Marathon, a large race that draws thousands of spectators, while other towns hold parades, ceremonies, and reenactments of Revolutionary War battles.
Boletim oficial 05 classificao 1 fase faebuenofutsal
A tabela classificatória mostra que o UFPR lidera o campeonato com 6 pontos e saldo de 11 gols, seguido pelo PUC com 3 pontos e saldo de 13 gols. Os jogos da próxima rodada serão entre PUC x UNICURITIBA e UTFPR x FAE na sexta-feira.
Những câu nói hay về tình yêu, danh ngôn tình yêu được siêu tầm từ nhiều nguồn trên internet, các bạn có thể đọc tham khảo những câu châm ngôn tình yêu này để áp dụng cho cuộc sống ngày càng tươi đẹp
This document is about infanticide committed by women in 19th century America. It discusses how infanticide has occurred throughout history in places like ancient Greece and Rome. During the 19th century, factors like the Industrial Revolution and westward expansion contributed to cases of infanticide among unmarried working class women and immigrants who felt they lacked other options. The public typically viewed the women as victims rather than monsters, while infanticide was more often practiced by unmarried women than married women, and was driven by social status issues.
The document lists various landmarks from around the world, including Buckingham Palace in London, the Capitol Building in Washington D.C., Plaza De Espana in Seville Spain, Sacre Coeur in Paris, and the Great Wall of China. It also mentions landmarks in cities such as San Francisco, Budapest, Rome, Athens, Taipei, Vienna, and St. Louis.
DSG International formerly Dixon Group Plc. is the leading European retailer of consumer electronics. The market where DSGi is fully controlled by state laws. Additionally, the customers are also sincere about the price and value of goods. The case study shows how DSGi responded to the consumer protection laws and they went beyond the laws to gain competitive advantage.
The document outlines several UK acts and laws pertaining to sales, including:
1) The Sale of Goods Act, Supply of Goods and Services Act, and Trades Description Act, which aim to protect consumers and ensure goods and services are fit for purpose, accurately described, and provided with reasonable care.
2) Unfair Contract Terms Act, which places restrictions on how businesses can limit liability through exclusion clauses.
3) Consumer Protection Act, which imposes strict liability on producers for defective products.
4) Data Protection Act, which governs the handling of personal information and provides individuals with rights over their data.
5) EC Directive on Package Travel, which defines package holidays and associated regulations for
The document provides guidelines from DATA, a non-profit organization, for consumer practices in the emerging field of digital assets. It recommends that digital asset companies provide transparent disclosures to consumers about products, costs, risks and limitations. Specifically, it recommends disclosing fees, ability to cancel transactions, risks like volatility in value and potential loss of funds, applicable regulations, and public nature of blockchain transactions. The guidelines are intended to ensure consumers understand emerging digital asset products while allowing companies to operate successfully.
Business environment legislation presentationnkosimsomi1
The document summarizes the Consumer Protection Act of 2008 in South Africa. It was established to protect consumers from unfair business practices and promote fair treatment in the marketplace. The Act gives consumers several rights, including the right to choose, privacy, fair dealings, and safety. It impacts businesses by requiring them to comply with consumer rights, disclose more information, and address complaints. While it increases business costs and risks, complying also allows businesses to resolve disputes fairly and build goodwill with customers. Overall, the CPA aims to balance consumer and business interests through responsible conduct from both parties.
ERA - Market intelligence - September 2016Alan Birse
As the pound heads towards parity with the Euro, and the cost of Marmite hits the headlines, it is imperative to ensure that you are getting best value from all of your suppliers. Expense Reduction Analysts focuses on Procurement, helping our clients to get the best cost, quality and service possible from suppliers. Our quarterly newsletters highlight opportunities to reduce costs, and also highlight changes in the procurement environment.
- The motor insurance industry is undergoing significant upheaval due to changes in regulation, economic conditions, technology, and customer behavior.
- Regulation like Solvency II has increased complexity for insurers while unintended consequences of other regulations have increased costs.
- Economic uncertainty and a slow recovery has led insurers to be risk averse and delay investments in innovation.
- Market competition is increasing as new digital entrants may disrupt the industry and consolidate auto repair shops are changing insurer-repairer relationships.
- Insurers face challenges from legacy IT systems that inhibit their ability to respond to changes and compete with new digital competitors.
A Legal Perspective of E-Businesses and E-Marketing for Small and Medium Ente...IJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic businesses are witnessing enormous growth as more and more people are switching to online platforms. The widespread use of Internet has opened new channels to operate trade for many businesses. Also electronic marketing has become a proven channel of passing on the word to the customers. Legal and ethical issues quickly become an area of concern. In this research recommendations are made to harmonize IT and Internet Laws. A novel approach is proposed to promote legal risk management culture in organizations. It begins with revising current state of regulations surrounding e-Businesses and electronic marketing. The proposed approach offers risk management by considering risk mitigation strategy, educating people and use of information technology. Monitoring compliance requirements are met by reviewing the latest changes in regulations and rewarding the employees who ensures the successful implementation of the strategy.
The document discusses a report on cyber security for consumer internet of things (IoT) devices that proposes a voluntary "Secure by Design" code of practice for manufacturers. However, the author argues that a voluntary code is not sufficient and that there needs to be mandatory regulation and labeling similar to the food industry in order to properly protect consumers. Specifically, 1) a voluntary code will be ignored by some manufacturers, and 2) even mandatory codes will be difficult to enforce internationally given resistance from some countries.
This document provides an insurance sales playbook with information on the insurance industry market opportunity, top use cases, example customers, and prospecting guidance. The market opportunity section outlines the three main categories of insurance: healthcare, life insurance & annuities, and property & casualty. Top use cases for insurance companies using event streaming include increasing customer satisfaction through personalized offerings, improving operational efficiency such as accelerating claims processing, and ensuring security/regulatory compliance through fraud detection. Example Confluent customers in insurance include Generali Switzerland, Centene, Humana, and Geico.
General Data Protection Regulation has been implemented from 25th May,2018.
Get to know from this power-point what is GDPR and what all necessary changes needs to be done in the call center industry.
The document discusses misleading advertisements and the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. It provides an example of a misleading advertising case against Red Bull in 2013, where consumers sued over false claims that Red Bull could boost performance. Red Bull settled by offering $10-15 refunds to customers since 2002, while denying wrongdoing. The conclusion calls for clearer comprehensive advertising laws and regulations in India, stiffer penalties for misleading ads, mandatory ASCI membership for major advertisers, and cautious implementation of new advertising regulations.
Integrated Marketing Communication - Liability for Misleading Advertisements ...Akanksha Gohil
Liability for Misleading Advertisements – Key
Features of Consumer Protection Bill Recently Passed
1.Law passed
2. Its liablities
3. Reaction of the population
4. Future strategies
5. Critical analysis
6. conclusion
In today's era of globalization, many goods are produced in complicated patterns of subcontracting that stretch across the world. It is happing on a huge scale, and in many industries- both in manufacturing and in service. Subcontracting supply chains can be quite difficult to understand. The garment industry is one that is particularly mobile, and its supply chains have become truly global and complicated.
Joint ad trade letter to ag becerra re ccpa 1.31.2019Greg Sterling
We strongly support the objectives of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), but we have notable concerns around the likely negative impact on California consumers and businesses from some of the specific language in the law. We provide this initial comment to provide you with information about the significant importance of a data-driven and ad-supported online ecosystem, industry efforts to protect privacy, and in section III of the letter draw your attention to several areas that can be addressed and improved through the rulemaking process. We will provide more detailed comments over the coming weeks.
Insurance Industry Moving Innovation From Concept to Precept Cogneesol
Insurance regulations come into play with changing customer trends & demands. Read on to gain valuable insights into how insurers tackle the same with innovation.
Get more: http://bit.ly/2G0557G
Next Wave of Fintech: Redefining Financial Services through TechnologyRobin Teigland
The Stockholm School of Economics and PA Consulting present The Next wave of Fintech, a sequel to the 2015 Stockholm Fintech Report, focusing on the new InsurTech and RegTech segments. The report, which describes and quantifies the Swedish market for these segments, contains valuable insights and recommendations for decision makers at banks, incubators, startup companies, public authorities and investors.
The Impact of the Consumer Protection Act 2019 on the E-Commerce Sector in In...AnweshaPanda15
The document provides an overview of the Consumer Protection Act 2019 in India and its impact on the e-commerce sector. Some key points:
- The Consumer Protection Act 2019 replaced the 1986 act to address outdated provisions and better protect consumers in the modern digital marketplace.
- It widens the definition of "consumer" to include online transactions. Territorial jurisdiction was also enhanced to make filing complaints more convenient.
- The new act establishes the Central Consumer Protection Authority and addresses issues like misleading ads, unfair practices, and product liability. It also empowers consumers with rights and dispute resolution mechanisms.
- Features include provisions for e-commerce, electronic complaints, alternative dispute resolution, and changes to pecuniary jurisdiction
Commercial Innovation in US Oilfield: Buyers and Sellers Both Win by Embracin...Hexacom
For many years (too many, perhaps), technological investment in the oilfield has focused uniquely on the products and services used rather than the ways in which buyers connect to them. Rarely have visionary eyes turned towards the business environment within the industry, the ways in which customers and suppliers work together. However, given the right combination of content (e.g., product specifications, supplier details), front-end tools, and an underlying intelligence structure, a lot can be done to democratize and expand oilfield transactions.
Commercial innovation such as this ensures that the oil and gas industry’s ultimate, collective product – the cheap energy that drives civilization’s progress – maintains its competitive place in the global energy mix. Indeed, a drive towards complete efficiency in every facet of the value chain will keep energy from hydrocarbons viable in the long run. And reducing the waste created throughout the buying and selling process is a key aspect of this.
The Digital TransformationNew information technologies,s.docxmehek4
The Digital Transformation
New information technologies,
such as broadband networks,
mobile communications and the
Internet, have well-known, but
often unrealized, potential
to transform businesses and
industries. The key to success is
knowing how and when to apply
the technologies. Companies
should look at 10 specific
drivers to help determine their
best strategy.
Angela Andal-Ancion,
Phillip A. Cartwright
and George S. Yip
uring tbe 1990s, companies bad vast amounts of funding for new
D information technologies, or NIT' Tbey invested millions of dol-lars on Web sites, sophisticated software packages, teleconferenc-
ing equipment, broadband networks, mobile communications
and other digital technologies. Such investments helped them to keep abreast
of competitors tbat were making similar expenditures. Today, many compa-
nies are strapped for resources, and they need to be extremely selective about
the technologies they fund, deploying NIT in ways tbat are tbe most relevant
to their businesses and strategic objectives, including their sales and market-
ing efforts.
What kinds of companies and products can benellt most from the use of
NIT? Books and airline tickets sell readily over the Internet wbereas automo-
biles and higb fashion clothing do not. Furtbennore, what types of business
transformations do sucb investments enable? A company might, for example,
use NIT to cut away layers of middlemen, such as distributors, that separate it
from its customers (called classic disintermediation). Or, instead of getting rid
of middlemen, it might choose to embrace them {remediation). Or it might
build strategic alliances and partnerships with new and existing players in a
tangle of complex relationships (network-based mediation). (See"Tbree Medi-
ation Strategies," p. 37.)
All three mediation strategies depend on various factors, such as a prod-
uct's customizability and information content. By fully understanding those
drivers of NIT, companies can begin to predict tbe potential transformations
of tbeir industries, especially in terms of how products are marketed and sold.
To tbat end, we have developed a systematic framework tbat identifies wbich
drivers are important for tbe different approaches of classic disintermediation,
remediation and network-based mediation. Using this tool, companies can
determine both the optimum ways to transform tbeir businesses and the NIT
investments required to accomplisb sucb changes.
The Drivers of NIT
From a study of large corporations in Nortb America and Europe, we have
identified tbe different drivers that determine the competitive advantages of
deploying NIT. (See "About the Research.") Each of the drivers is very specific
to bow NIT can be applied in a particular industry. Tbat Is, they are not gen-
Angela Andal-Ancion is a ajnsultant with ascension in London; Phillip A. Cartwright
is a principal with BearingPoint in Paris; and George S, Yip is professor ot strategic and
international mana ...
The Digital TransformationNew information technologies,s.docx
Introduction cp act
1. Introduction
DSGi is the leading European specialist retailer of consumer electronics. In the UK the Group includes the well known
chains of Currys, Dixons, PC World and The Link. Group turnover this year will exceed £7 billion, one third of sales
coming from stores in 14 Countries outside the UK. This reflects the Group's strategy of European expansion.
In 2005 Dixons Group plc changed its name to DSG international plc to reflect more accurately its international
makeup. Today the original Dixons chain contributes less than 5% of total sales.
DSGi deals in a broad product mix. The range includes plasma and LCD TVs, domestic white goods, PCs,
peripherals, digital photography, games consoles, iPods, MP3 players, mobile phones and small domestic
appliances, such as kettles, irons and toasters.
The markets in which DSGi operate are intensely competitive. Prices change rapidly and no retailer can afford to be
uncompetitive on price. To distinguish from its competitiors, DSGi has initiated policies to develop and maintain
customer relations through the provision of comprehensive before and after sales services. The Group's mission is
"Being the Best".
The five key points of this philosophy are:
1. Operating with honesty and integrity.
2. Giving outstanding service to customers.
3. Respecting colleagues.
4. Continually seeking ways to improve performance.
5. Working together to beat the competition.
This applies to all the Group's activities, e.g. deliveries, repairs and customer service, to match or beat customers'
expectations. It has developed policies and procedures to ensure this is achieved.
Next:2. What is consumer protection and what does it do?
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Page 2: What is consumer protection and what does it do?
2. A market is where buyers and sellers come together to engage in business. Sellers seek money from sales,
consumers wish to buy something they want or need. The situation suits both parties, as long as they both gain from
the exchange. Buyers want to buy products at the best price possible. However, in order to stay in business, retailers
must ensure that they make a profit by selling products at a price which covers all costs and provides a profit for risk
taking and future development. Costs include the price at which the product was purchased, staff costs, store
operation costs, delivery and other overheads. Buyers have a right to expect that the goods are safe, properly
described, priced correctly and will continue to work for a reasonable period of time.
Reputable companies like DSGi recognise that the customer has the right to expect these things as a basic minimum.
However, in a totally open uncontrolled market rogue traders could mis-describe products deliberately, sell damaged,
unsafe or unfit products to customers who would have no redress.
In order to control the market, the government has introduced a number of laws giving customers rights about the
quality of the goods they buy. It has created criminal offences if sellers mis-describe, charge the wrong price or sell
unsafe products.
The main consumer protection laws in the UK are:
a. Sale of Goods Act 1979 (with amendments) which gives customers their fundamental legal rights which cannot be
excluded or taken away.
b. Trade Descriptions Act 1968, which requires a trader to describe goods accurately.
c. Consumer Protection Act 1987 which deals with both pricing and product safety.
There are many other laws which control credit, the sale of age restricted products (e.g. DVDs and videos) and
specific laws relating to different sectors of the economy e.g. food, alcohol and medicines.
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Page 3: Sale of Goods Act 1979 (amended in 1994 and 2002)
3. This Act gives consumers protection against faulty or unreliable goods. At the time of sale, goods must be as
described, of satisfactory quality and fit for the purpose for which they were bought. If a product is faulty at the time of
sale or shortly afterwards, the customer has a right to reject the product and claim a refund. After a period to try out
the goods, (which may be a few days or weeks depending on the item), the customer loses the right to an automatic
refund. S/he can ask for a repair, a replacement or a refund depending on what is reasonable in the circumstances.
DSGi recognises that many household products are regarded by customers as essential (e.g. cookers, fridges etc.).
As such, it has relationships with all its suppliers to ensure that where repairs are necessary, they can be carried out
quickly and efficiently. DSGi goes to great lengths to ensure that its policies not only meet the requirements of the
Sale of Goods Act but go beyond what the legislation demands. It provides customers with clear documentation at
the point of sale explaining how its after sales service works.
DSGi also has its own service operations that deal mainly with repairs to brown goods and PC Servicecall, which
deals with PC repairs. PC Servicecall maintain databases of faults or known problems with PCs. This means that
problems can be resolved more quickly and efficiently. The vast majority of PC problems can be solved over the
telephone and are due to software problems rather than electrical or mechanical faults. This avoids the cost and
delay of having to send out engineers to carry out repairs. PC Servicecall is even able to offer a remote help service,
whereby a home PC can be controlled remotely to see what is happening on screen and fix any software errors there
may be.
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Page 4: Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and Customer Protection
Act 1987
4. Trade Descriptions Act 1968
The Act makes it a criminal offence to apply a false trade description to goods. The Act covers descriptions given
both verbally and in writing. It covers any factual statement about the physical qualities of the product, e.g. size,
capacity, performance, place of manufacture and previous history. For DSGi it is vitally important to ensure that it has
a procedure in place, in a fast changing market, to ensure that new products are accurately described when they are
put on sale.
DSGi produces around 5,000 advertisements a year, some of which may contain descriptions for hundreds of
products. It is, therefore, essential to ensure that all staff involved in production of this material have been properly
trained and understand the importance of ensuring that the customer gets accurate and up-to-date information.
Criminal laws such as the Trade Descriptions Act are enforced by Trading Standards officers. They work for local
government and have powers to visit stores to check on prices and descriptions. In the event of serious problems,
they can prosecute a company through the Magistrates Court or Crown Court. Magistrates can impose a fine of
£5,000 for each offence and in the Crown Court the fine is unlimited with the possibility of imprisonment for
individuals who are found guilty of an offence.
DSGi recognises the critical role of Trading Standards departments in ensuring that standards are maintained. It
works closely with its Home Authority, Hertfordshire Trading Standards. It has recently developed a programme
called "Building Bridges". This encourages a dialogue between individual store managers and Trading Standards
officers to develop a better understanding and better relations at local level. It is designed to improve DSGi's
compliance, the handling of Trading Standards complaints, but most important of all, the customer experience.
Consumer Protection Act 1987
The Consumer Protection Act governs both the pricing of products and product safety. The way in which prices are
presented to customers is controlled by a very detailed code of practice. This covers most forms of promotional
marketing. There are rules which deal for example with how sale prices can be claimed, introductory offers,
recommended prices and free offers.
Product safety is of fundamental importance. A dangerous product, particularly an electrical product, can kill. DSGi
recognises this and has its own UKAS approved laboratory to check the safety of a product before it puts it on sale.
DSGi also has a buying operation in the Far East and people who visit factories to ensure they have systems in place
so that all products are produced to a high quality and to the required safety standards.
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Page 5: Other legislation
5. Consumer Credit Act 1974
Many consumers make purchases on credit. This helps them to budget and spread the payments over a period of
time. All of the larger and more expensive products sold by DSGi are available on credit. There is a general concern
about the level of consumer debt in the UK. There is recognition that credit is a complex area, which some customers
have difficulty in understanding. The Consumer Credit Act requires all credit agreements to be in writing and the
customer must be given an accurate copy of the agreement. The Advertising Regulations made in 2004 also ensure
that customers are given full and accurate details of the credit on offer.
In particular, they must be made aware of the interest rate. The Annual Percentage Rate (APR) shown in
advertisements is an interest rate which is calculated in the same way for all types of credit. Comparison of APRs
enables the customer to compare the cost of credit from different suppliers. In order to offer credit the company must
be licensed by the Office of Fair Trading. The licence is subject to regular review. It can be taken away at any time if
the company is considered to be unfit to hold the licence. The Consumer Credit Act also creates criminal offences for
certain breaches of the act, in particular misleading advertising.
Video Recordings Act
The Video Recordings Act makes it an offence to supply an age restricted product such as a video, DVD or computer
game to a person under the relevant age. It is enforced by Trading Standards officers who often use an underage
person to make a "test purchase" in a store. DSGi's training ensures that all staff are aware of the law and a prompt
on-the-till system appears whenever an age restricted title is about to be sold. This requires the salesperson to ask
the customer their age if they appear to be below the legal minimum age.
Extended Warranty Pricing
New legislation came out in 2005 which requires a company to show the price of any extended warranty it offers with
its goods. This applies to prices in advertisements, on the Internet, and in-store. It also requires the trader to provide
the customer with full information about the terms of the extended warranty and other options which may be
available. DSGi have long recognised that there have been concerns in the market about the value of some extended
warranties. It has developed its own products which offer a full and comprehensive after sales support service going
far beyond a simple product repair service.
The Competition Commission
The Competition Commission is an independent public body set up under the Competition Act 1998. It replaced the
former Monopolies and Mergers Commission. It is empowered to conduct enquiries into company mergers and
takeovers and into particular markets. The Competition Commission's work is aimed at ensuring that markets work
well for consumers. It is important that there is fair and unrestricted competition within the market, otherwise a large
company which has a very large market share can operate unfairly and may try to fix prices or drive competition out
of the market. There are very severe penalties for any company found operating in this way.
It is also important that acquisitions and mergers are monitored to prevent companies becoming so big or powerful
that they are able to eliminate competition and act in ways which are detrimental to customers wishes.
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Page 6: Conclusion
DSGi is Europe's leading specialist electrical retailing group. It operates a range of successful retail stores across
Europe and is developing a growing Internet business. DSGi recognises that customers have a right to expect good
prices, reliable products and excellent service.
To deliver this, DSGi has developed policies and procedures, training, instructions and systems which enable its staff
to deliver the highest levels of service.
This helps it operate in a way which goes way beyond the requirements of UK law.
It is DSGi's intention to set the standards within the electrical retail industry. Its policy of 'Being the Best' will, it
believes, result not just in the growth it is seeking but also continued success in the development of customer loyalty
by the provision of excellent service.
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