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Similar to intro to lab safety and pharmacy.pptx
intro to lab safety and pharmacy.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Labsafety protocols Department of Pharmacology, PIMC
- 2. Why does itmatter? To protect Yourself Your colleagues Other Lab workers Your work
- 3. Consequences of notfollowing safety rules.. You endanger yourself and others in the lab. You could easily ruin your experiment. You put the lab at risk of an accident, which could damage equipment as well as harm people.
- 4. Protect Yourself Dress forLab Gloves Lab Coat Covered shoes Long pants Any other, depending on nature of experiment/Lab
- 5. Laboratory Hygiene Save yoursnacks for Canteen/office not lab Don't eat or drink in laboratory. Don't store your food or beverages in the same refrigerator that contains experiments, chemicals, or cultures.
- 6. Don’t sniff andtaste Chemicals Tasting or smelling some chemicals can be dangerous or even deadly. The best way to know what's in a container is to LABEL it, so get in the habit of making a label for glassware before adding the chemical.
- 7. Don’t play MadScientist Act responsibly in the lab Don't play Mad Scientist, randomly mixing chemicals to see what happens. The result could be an explosion, fire, or release of toxic gases.
- 8. Dispose-off Lab wasteproperly One important laboratory safely rule is to know what to do with your experiment when it's over. Before you start an experiment, you should know what to do at the end. Don't leave your mess for the next person to clean up
- 9. Don’t Experiment onYourself You are precious, so do not risk your self in an experiment
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- 12. Pharmacy Derived fromGreek word “farmakon” means drug/poison. It’s a branch of science deals with compounding, manufacturing & dispensing of drugs OR The science and art concerned with the preparation and standardization of drugs.
- 13. Drug/Medicine Any chemicalsubstance, which when taken-up by the living organism, produce a biological effect. OR A chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. DRUG MEDICINE
- 14. Active Substance /Inert Substances Pharmacologically Active Added to give shape Dosage form
- 15. Branches of Pharmacy Pharmaceutics Pharmacognosy MedicinalChemistry Pharmacology
- 16. Pharmaceutics Also called,the science of dosage form design deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients.
- 17. Pharmacognosy Pharmacognosy is the studyof medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources.
- 18. Medicinal Chemistry Medicinal chemistryis a discipline deals to modify a molecule’s structure to design safe and effective drug.
- 19. Pharmacology To thestudy the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of drugs. Focuses on research of drug action.
- 20. Pharmaceutical processes Theseare the various methods or processes used for making crude drugs suitable for administration to the patient & they also increase the efficiency of drugs.
- 21. Comminution Comminution means “todivide” Comminution is the process of physical reduction of a substance to fine particle size, which makes the substance or drug easier to dissolve and compound.
- 22. Desiccation Desiccation means “todry” Moisture is removed from solid drugs with the help of dehydrating agent which reduces the bulk of drugs, as well, as facilitates comminution
- 23. Maceration Maceration ‘To makesoft’. The process of extracting soluble active ingredients from crude drugs. It consists of soaking crude drugs in suitable solvents mostly Alcohol for a period of 12-14 days with occasional shaking/ stirring. Then the liquid containing active principle is separated
- 24. Percolation Percolation means “Filtration”. Processby which active ingredients are extracted by successive maceration. The solvent is passed through a drug and allowed to macerate for sometime. The liquid obtained is called percolate
- 25. Decantation In thisprocess heavy and insoluble substances settle down when soaked in water. The clear separated liquid is then removed slowly from the top.
- 26. Distillation It is theprocess by which a volatile liquid is separates from a liquid mixture by evaporation. It consists of; a. converting a liquid into its vapors. b. transferring these vapors to another place. c. converting into a liquid by condensation.
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- 28. List of PharmacyInstruments Spatula Funnels Beakers Physical/Digital balance Test tubes Centrifuge Dispensing bottle Graduated Cylinders Petri dishes Conical flasks Ointment slab Pipette Distillation apparatus
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Editor's Notes
- #3 The science lab is an inherently dangerous place, with fire hazards, dangerous chemicals, and risky procedures. No one wants to have an accident in the lab, so it's imperative to follow the rules and instructions.
- #9 Are the chemicals safe to dump down the drain? If not, what do you do with them? If you have biological cultures, is it safe to clean up with soap and water or do you need an autoclave to kill dangerous organisms? Do you have broken glass or needles? Know the protocol for disposing of "sharps"
- #13 Its scope includes the cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, the synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value, and the analysis of medicinal agents. Pharmacists are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs, such as tablets, capsules, and sterile solutions for injection. They compound physicians’, dentists’, and veterinarians’ prescriptions for drugs
- #14 Difference: Raw form---termed as drug Finished pharmaceutical form---- medicine
- #15 Active moiety Excipients.. Stable, do not interact with drug, cost effective.
- #18 Pharmacy is not always about synthetic drug. In pharmacy we also will know about medicinal drug. And to understand more about the medicinal drug, there is a branch science of pharmacy called Pharmacognosy. E.g. quinine from Quina/cinchona plant ..used as antimalarial. Clove, Turmeric etc
- #19 The structure–activity relationship is the relationship between the chemical structure of a molecule and its biological activity.
- #22 The processes for comminution are cutting, grating, grinding, pulverizing, trituration, and levitation. The first four terms are self-explanatory and are employed primarily on animal and vegetable drugs from which we wish to extract active principles. TRITURATION—This is a process of reducing a solid to a very fine powder by grinding in a mortar and pestle. LEVITATION—Solids can be ground to even finer subdivision by adding a small amount of liquid to make a paste and triturating further. This process is ideal for ointments, creams, and lotions