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INTERVENTION
STRATEGIES
Dr Rana Mujeeb Khan
Objectives
अधिक ांश प्रशशक्षण धथियों को इस ब र स्टीम-
आि ररत शोि क यि आवांटटत हुआ है, इसमें से
भी ज्य द तर experimental ररसर्ि करेंगे।
आज की प्रस्तुतत में हम –
1. यह ज नेंगे कक आदर्श रूप में experimental
ररसर्ि क्य है,
2. यह समझेंगे कक हम रे शिए कौन-स रिसर्श
डिज़ाइन उपयुक्त होग ,
2
Experimental Research
◦ Experimental research provides a
systematic and logical method for
answering the question – “If this is done
under carefully controlled conditions,
what will happen?”
◦ प्र योधगक अनुसांि न इस प्रश्न क उत्तर देने के
शिए एक व्यवस्स्थत और त ककि क पद्ितत प्रद न
करत है - "यटद कोई क यि सावधानीपूवशक और
ननयंत्रित स्स्थततयों में ककय ज त है, तो क्य
3
Experimental Method
◦ Experimental method is the most
sophisticated, exacting, and
powerful method for discovering and
developing an organized body of
knowledge
◦ प्र योधगक ववधि ज्ञान के एक संगठित भण्िाि
की खोज और ववकास के शिए सबसे 4
The Ideal Experiment
◦ If two situations are identical in all
respects and the addition (or subtraction)
of one variable brings about a change
in the two situations, then the change is
said to be caused by the addition (or
subtraction) of that variable
◦ यटद दो स्स्थततय ां सभी मामलों में समान हैं और
के वल एक र्ि के जोड़ने (य घट व) से दोनों
स्स्थततयों में कोई परिवतशन आत है, तो कह ज
सकत है कक यह पररवतिन उस र्र के जोड़ने
5
Example
◦ Robert Boyle – V α 1/P (T constant, Ideal Gas)
◦ Jacques Charles – V α T (P constant, Ideal Gas)
◦ If x then y
◦ if frustration (हत श ) then aggression (आक्र मकत )
◦ True experiment —> true cause-effect relationship
◦ Keywords : All conditions same, only change one
variable (independent), observe effect of the
change in the other variable (dependent)
6
Experimental Designs
◦ An experimental design is the blueprint
of the procedures that enable the
researcher to test hypotheses by
reaching valid conclusions about
relationships between independent and
dependent variables
◦ प्रायोगगक डिजाइन उन प्रकक्रय ओां क खाका है जो
शोिकत ि को परिकल्पनाओं का पिीक्षण करके
स्वतंि और ननभशि र्र के बीर् संबंधों के ब रे में
वैि तनष्कर्ि तक पहुांर्ने में सक्षम बन त है
7
Types of Experimental Design
1. Pre-experimental designs – the
least effective, for it provides
either no control group or no way
of equating the groups
1. पूवि-प्र योधगक डिज इन – सबसे कम
प्रभ वी, इसमें य तो कोई ननयंत्रित समूह
नहीं होत , य समूहों की समतुल्यता 8
Types of Experimental Design
2.True experimental designs – employ
randomization to provide for control
of the equivalence of groups and
exposure to treatment (intervention)
2.व स्तववक प्र योधगक डिज इन – समूहों के
समतुल्यत के तनयांत्रण और उपर् र
(हस्तक्षेप) के शिए यादृक्छिककिण क
उपयोग ककय ज त है 9
Types of Experimental Design
3.Quasi-experimental designs – provide
a less satisfactory degree of control,
used only when randomization is
not feasible
3.अिि-प्र योधगक डिज इन – तनयांत्रण क कम
सांतोर्जनक स्तर प्रद न करत है, इसक
उपयोग के वल तब ककय ज त है जब
यादृक्छिककिण सांभव नहीं होत है
10
The Design for You
◦ Rule out true experimental
designs, as we have to use intact
sample in most cases
◦ That leaves us with
1. Pre-experimental designs, and
2. Quasi-experimental designs
11
Pre-Experimental Designs For You
O1 = Pre-Test, O2 = Post-Test X = Intervention
1. One-shot case study
X O2
2. One-group, pre-test–post-test design
O1 X O2
3. Static-group comparison design
Group 1 X O2
Group 2 – O2
12
Quasi-Experimental Designs For
You
O = Tests/Observations, X = Intervention
1. Pre-test–post-test, nonequivalent-groups design
Group 1 O1 XO2
Group 2 O1 XO2
2. Time-series design
O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8
3. Equivalent materials, pre-test, post-test design
O1 XMA O2 O3 XMB O4
13
Intervention or Treatment
◦ Intervention (or treatment) is a
combination of program elements or
strategies designed to produce behaviour
changes among individuals or an entire
population.
◦ हस्तक्षेप (अथव उपर् र) तत्वों य रणनीततयों क
एक सांयोजन है जो व्यस्क्तयों य सांपूणि जनसांख्य
के बीर् व्यवह र पररवतिन करने के शिए डिज इन
ककय ज त है।
14
To Sum Up…
आज की प्रस्तुतत में हमने ज न कक –
1. आदर्श रूप में experimental ररसर्ि क्य है,
2. हम रे शिए कौन-स रिसर्श डिज़ाइन उपयुक्त
होग , और
3. intervention (हस्तक्षेप) क्य होते हैं।
15

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Intervention strategies

  • 2. Objectives अधिक ांश प्रशशक्षण धथियों को इस ब र स्टीम- आि ररत शोि क यि आवांटटत हुआ है, इसमें से भी ज्य द तर experimental ररसर्ि करेंगे। आज की प्रस्तुतत में हम – 1. यह ज नेंगे कक आदर्श रूप में experimental ररसर्ि क्य है, 2. यह समझेंगे कक हम रे शिए कौन-स रिसर्श डिज़ाइन उपयुक्त होग , 2
  • 3. Experimental Research ◦ Experimental research provides a systematic and logical method for answering the question – “If this is done under carefully controlled conditions, what will happen?” ◦ प्र योधगक अनुसांि न इस प्रश्न क उत्तर देने के शिए एक व्यवस्स्थत और त ककि क पद्ितत प्रद न करत है - "यटद कोई क यि सावधानीपूवशक और ननयंत्रित स्स्थततयों में ककय ज त है, तो क्य 3
  • 4. Experimental Method ◦ Experimental method is the most sophisticated, exacting, and powerful method for discovering and developing an organized body of knowledge ◦ प्र योधगक ववधि ज्ञान के एक संगठित भण्िाि की खोज और ववकास के शिए सबसे 4
  • 5. The Ideal Experiment ◦ If two situations are identical in all respects and the addition (or subtraction) of one variable brings about a change in the two situations, then the change is said to be caused by the addition (or subtraction) of that variable ◦ यटद दो स्स्थततय ां सभी मामलों में समान हैं और के वल एक र्ि के जोड़ने (य घट व) से दोनों स्स्थततयों में कोई परिवतशन आत है, तो कह ज सकत है कक यह पररवतिन उस र्र के जोड़ने 5
  • 6. Example ◦ Robert Boyle – V α 1/P (T constant, Ideal Gas) ◦ Jacques Charles – V α T (P constant, Ideal Gas) ◦ If x then y ◦ if frustration (हत श ) then aggression (आक्र मकत ) ◦ True experiment —> true cause-effect relationship ◦ Keywords : All conditions same, only change one variable (independent), observe effect of the change in the other variable (dependent) 6
  • 7. Experimental Designs ◦ An experimental design is the blueprint of the procedures that enable the researcher to test hypotheses by reaching valid conclusions about relationships between independent and dependent variables ◦ प्रायोगगक डिजाइन उन प्रकक्रय ओां क खाका है जो शोिकत ि को परिकल्पनाओं का पिीक्षण करके स्वतंि और ननभशि र्र के बीर् संबंधों के ब रे में वैि तनष्कर्ि तक पहुांर्ने में सक्षम बन त है 7
  • 8. Types of Experimental Design 1. Pre-experimental designs – the least effective, for it provides either no control group or no way of equating the groups 1. पूवि-प्र योधगक डिज इन – सबसे कम प्रभ वी, इसमें य तो कोई ननयंत्रित समूह नहीं होत , य समूहों की समतुल्यता 8
  • 9. Types of Experimental Design 2.True experimental designs – employ randomization to provide for control of the equivalence of groups and exposure to treatment (intervention) 2.व स्तववक प्र योधगक डिज इन – समूहों के समतुल्यत के तनयांत्रण और उपर् र (हस्तक्षेप) के शिए यादृक्छिककिण क उपयोग ककय ज त है 9
  • 10. Types of Experimental Design 3.Quasi-experimental designs – provide a less satisfactory degree of control, used only when randomization is not feasible 3.अिि-प्र योधगक डिज इन – तनयांत्रण क कम सांतोर्जनक स्तर प्रद न करत है, इसक उपयोग के वल तब ककय ज त है जब यादृक्छिककिण सांभव नहीं होत है 10
  • 11. The Design for You ◦ Rule out true experimental designs, as we have to use intact sample in most cases ◦ That leaves us with 1. Pre-experimental designs, and 2. Quasi-experimental designs 11
  • 12. Pre-Experimental Designs For You O1 = Pre-Test, O2 = Post-Test X = Intervention 1. One-shot case study X O2 2. One-group, pre-test–post-test design O1 X O2 3. Static-group comparison design Group 1 X O2 Group 2 – O2 12
  • 13. Quasi-Experimental Designs For You O = Tests/Observations, X = Intervention 1. Pre-test–post-test, nonequivalent-groups design Group 1 O1 XO2 Group 2 O1 XO2 2. Time-series design O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8 3. Equivalent materials, pre-test, post-test design O1 XMA O2 O3 XMB O4 13
  • 14. Intervention or Treatment ◦ Intervention (or treatment) is a combination of program elements or strategies designed to produce behaviour changes among individuals or an entire population. ◦ हस्तक्षेप (अथव उपर् र) तत्वों य रणनीततयों क एक सांयोजन है जो व्यस्क्तयों य सांपूणि जनसांख्य के बीर् व्यवह र पररवतिन करने के शिए डिज इन ककय ज त है। 14
  • 15. To Sum Up… आज की प्रस्तुतत में हमने ज न कक – 1. आदर्श रूप में experimental ररसर्ि क्य है, 2. हम रे शिए कौन-स रिसर्श डिज़ाइन उपयुक्त होग , और 3. intervention (हस्तक्षेप) क्य होते हैं। 15