The document provides an overview of web services, defining them as software components accessible over a network using standard internet protocols. It discusses key technologies like XML, SOAP, REST, WSDL, UDDI, and JSON, explaining their roles in facilitating communication between applications. The content emphasizes interoperability and the ability to publish and consume web services across different platforms.

1. CPIS -358

2. CPIS -358
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Web service Basics
23.3 Why Web Services
23.4 Common Technologies Used
23.5 XML
23.6 SOAP
23.7 WSDL
23.8 UDDI
23.9 DISCO
23.10 REST
23.11 JSON
23.12 Web Services Platform

3. CPIS -358

4. 23.1 Introduction..
Lecture 23
A web service is a software component stored on one computer that can be accessed by an
application (or other software component) on another computer over a network.
A programmable application component that is accessible via standard Internet protocols
Web Services available for a variety of clients
Examples: stock quotes, traffic conditions, calculators, news, weather, et cetera

5. 23.1 Introduction..
Lecture 23
Web services communicate using such technologies as XML, JSON and HTTP.
There are two Java APIs that facilitate web services.
JAX-WS is based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)—an XML-based protocol
that allows web services and clients to communicate, even if the client and the web service
are written in different languages.
JAX-RS uses Representational State Transfer (REST)—a network architecture that uses the
web’s traditional request/response mechanisms such as GET and POST requests.

6. 23.2 Web Service Basics..
Lecture 23
The machine on which a web service resides is referred to as a web service host.
The client application sends a request over a network to the web service host, which
processes the request and returns a response over the network to the application.
In Java, a web service is implemented as a class.
The class that represents the web service resides on a server—it’s not part of the client
application.
Making a web service available to receive client requests is known as publishing a web
service; using a web service from a client application is known as consuming a web service.

7. 23.3 Why Web Services..
Lecture 23
A Interoperability has Highest Priority
When all major platforms could access the Web using Web browsers, different platforms
couldn't interact. For these platforms to work together, Web-applications were developed.
Web-applications are simply applications that run on the web. These are built around the
Web browser standards and can be used by any browser on any platform.
Web Services take Web-applications to the Next Level
By using Web services, your application can publish its function or message to the rest of
the world.
Web services use XML to code and to decode data, and SOAP to transport it (using open
protocols).
With Web services, your accounting department's Win 2k server's billing system can
connect with your IT supplier's UNIX server.

8. 23.4 Common Technologies Used ..
Lecture 23
Standard way to represent data
XML (and XML schemas)
Common, extensible message format
SOAP
Common, extensible contract language
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
Way to discover site services
Disco
Way to discover service providers
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)

9. 23.5 XML ..
Lecture 23
Extensible Markup Language
Language for describing documents with structured data
Industry standard
XML Schemas – XSD
XML based
Language for describing data types

10. 23.6 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)..
Lecture 23
The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a platform-independent protocol that uses XML
to interact with web services, typically over HTTP.
Each request and response is packaged in a SOAP message.
Written in XML so that they are computer readable, human readable and platform
independent.
Most firewalls allow HTTP traffic to pass through, so that clients can browse the web by
sending requests to and receiving responses from web servers.
Thus, SOAP-based services can send and receive SOAP messages over HTTP connections
with few limitations.

11. 23.6 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) (Cont)..
Lecture 23
The wire format used to transmit requests and responses must support all types passed
between the applications.
When a program invokes a method of a SOAP web service, the request and all relevant
information are packaged in a SOAP message enclosed in a SOAP envelope and sent to the
server on which the web service resides.
When the web service receives this SOAP message, it parses the XML representing the
message, then processes the message’s contents.
The message specifies the method that the client wishes to execute and the arguments the
client passed to that method.

12. 23.6 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)(Cont)..
Lecture 23
The web service calls the method with the specified arguments (if any) and sends the
response back to the client in another SOAP message.
The client parses the response to retrieve the method’s result.

13. 23.7 Web Services Description Language(WSDL)..
Lecture 23
Describes the Web Service and defines the functions that are exposed in the Web Service
Defines the XML grammar to be used in the messages
Uses the W3C Schema language

14. 23.8 (UDDI)..
Lecture 23
UDDI is used to register and look up services with a central registry (http://www.service-
repository.com/)
Service Providers can publish information about their business and the services that they
offer.
Service consumers can look up services that are available by
Business
Service category
Specific service

15. 23.9 (DISCO)..
Lecture 23
Document Discovery
A client finds a particular Web services by discovery
Document discovering services at a particular URL
Document is in XML format
Document has .disco and .vsdisco extensions

16. 23.10 Representational State Transfer (REST)..
Lecture 23
Representational State Transfer (REST) refers to an architectural style for implementing web
services.
Often called RESTful web services.
RESTful web services are implemented using web standards.
Each method in a RESTful web service is identified by a unique URL.
Thus, when the server receives a request, it immediately knows what operation to perform.
Can be used in a program or directly from a web browser.
The results of a particular operation may be cached locally by the browser when the
service is invoked with a GET request.

17. 23.11 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)..
Lecture 23
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is an alternative to XML for representing data.
Text-based data-interchange format used to represent objects in JavaScript as collections of
name/value pairs represented as Strings.
Commonly used in Ajax applications.
Makes objects easy to read, create and parse
Much less verbose than XML, so it allows programs to transmit data efficiently across the
Internet

18. 23.11 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) (Cont)..
Lecture 23
Each JSON object is represented as a list of property names and values contained in curly
braces:
{ propertyName1 : value1, propertyName2 : value2 }
Arrays are represented with square brackets:
[ value1, value2, value3 ]
Each value in an array can be a string, a number, a JSON object, true, false or null.
Representation of an array of address-book entries:
[ { first: 'Cheryl', last: 'Black' },
{ first: 'James', last: 'Blue' },
{ first: 'Mike', last: 'Brown' },
{ first: 'Meg', last: 'Gold' } ]

19. 23.6 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) (Cont)..
Lecture 23
Each JSON object is represented as a list of property names and values contained in curly
braces:
{ propertyName1 : value1, propertyName2 : value2 }
Arrays are represented with square brackets:
[ value1, value2, value3 ]
Each value in an array can be a string, a number, a JSON object, true, false or null.
Representation of an array of address-book entries:
[ { first: 'Cheryl', last: 'Black' },
{ first: 'James', last: 'Blue' },
{ first: 'Mike', last: 'Brown' },
{ first: 'Meg', last: 'Gold' } ]

20. 23.6 Web Services Platform..
Lecture 23
ASP.NET
ATL Server
.NET remoting
Microsoft® SOAP Toolkit